AMH 2020 Chapter 15 Reconstruction II Reconstruction End of Civil War South was devastated African Americans no longer slaves How to put the pieces back together Charleston South Carolina What does freedom mean ID: 770359
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AMH 2020Chapter 15 Reconstruction (II)
Reconstruction End of Civil War South was devastated African Americans no longer slaves How to put the pieces back together?
Charleston, South Carolina
What does freedom mean? Field Order 15 “forty acres and a mule” 1865-African Americans were hopeful How would the new south look?
Map of Reconstruction
Politics of Reconstruction Minimal Reconstruction Restore Union Andrew Johnson Radical Reconstruction Restore Union Put “loyal” people in key positions Guarantee basic rights for blacks Congress
Ten Percent Plan Under Lincoln Successful in LA and AR Set up local government after 10% were “loyal”
Andrew Johnson Southerner U.S. Senator V.P. under Lincoln President Man positioned to guide U.S. back together
Problems Many states were limiting voting to include white only Black codes were passed Different laws
Black Codes
Johnson and the Veto Freedman’s bureau Had to be rewritten to pass Civil Rights Bill Congress over rode the veto
Freedmen’s Bureau
14th Amendement “ Citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in the United States”
Radical Reconstruction Contradicted Johnson’s wishes Wanted to “re-shape” southern society Supported military rule Militarized for a limited period Eventually forced to compromise
Thaddeus Stevens Radical Republican Redistribute plantation land to slaves Too radical for many
Impeachment Johnson refused to support Reconstruction Act Congress voted to impeach Obstructing Congress Johnson escaped Impeachment by one vote
Rebuilding the South Cities destroyed Economy changing Confederate currency was useless
Area set aside for Freedmen
Rejection of Field Order No.15 1865 40,000 former slaves granted 300,000 acres of land When Johnson pardoned land owners Land was returned
New system of Labor Contract Agreed upon price for one year Share-cropping New kind of servitude
Alabama sharecropping family
South Carolina sharecropper
Black Codes Made unemployment a crime Mob violence Limited voting, property rights
Reconstruction politics Republicans ruled Protection of civil and voting rights “Scalawags” White southern republican “Carpetbaggers” Northerners who saw opportunity
“Carpetbagger”
Positive gains of Republican Rule Schools Expanded public services African Americans could particpate
President Grant and Scandal Credit Mobilier Scandal Vice President implicated in this scheme Whisky Ring Corruption at all levels of government
Whiskey Ring
15th Amendment Ratified in 1870 Upheld the right of all male citizens to vote Allowed for local level qualifications
Women oppose
Ku Klux Klan Wanted to reclaim the south Put Democrats in control Go back to the pre-Civil war Social Order Targeted African-American and white supporters
KKK
1870-71 Force Acts Enforce the 15 th Amendment Illegal to interfere with voting rights U.S. troops could intervene Thousands arrested
Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes Sam J. Tilden
Compromise of 1877 Tilden won the popular vote Electoral votes disputed Compromise gave Hayes the win Promised to withdraw from the South Southern Democrats agree to side with Hayes
End of Reconstruction Southern white elite took control Wealthy planter class Business “ Reedemers ” Combination of Old South elite and commercial/business interest groups
Rise of Jim Crow
Jim Crow Laws Began informally B ecome the law Supreme Court upheld in Plessey vs. Ferguson