Personality Theory Research and Assessment 1 Personality Personality An individuals consistent patterns of feeling thinking and behavior traits Personality Traits How people behave in a particular way in a variety of situations ID: 204763
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Slide1
Chapter 11
Personality Theory, Research and Assessment
1Slide2
Personality
Personality:
An individual’s consistent patterns of feeling, thinking, and behavior traits
Personality Traits: How people behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
2Slide3
Five Factor (Big Five) Model *
Traits -- Relatively
enduring characteristics that influence our behavior across many
situations.
Big Five - 5 Underlying Trait dimensions
OCEAN:
Open to Experience
ConscientiousnessAgreeablenessNeuroticismExtraversion
3Slide4
curiosity
imaginativeness
flexibility
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
(Constraint)
Extraversion
(Positive
Emotionality)
Neuroticism
(Negative
Emotionality)
Openness to
Experience
unconventional attitudes
artistic sensitivity
vivid fantasy
Openness to
Experience
Openness to Experience*Slide5
Extraversion
(Positive
Emotionality)
Neuroticism
(Negative
Emotionality)
Openness to
Experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
(Constraint)
diligent
disciplined
punctual
dependable
well-organized
Conscientiousness
(Constraint)
Conscientiousness*Slide6
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
(Constraint)
Openness to
Experience
Neuroticism
(Negative
Emotionality)
Extraversion
(Positive
Emotionality)
Extraversion
(Positive
Emotionality)
sociable
outgoing
upbeat
friendly
assertive
gregarious
Extraversion*Slide7
Conscientiousness
(Constraint)
Extraversion
(Positive
Emotionality)
Neuroticism
(Negative
Emotionality)
Openness to
Experience
sympathetic
cooperative
trusting
Agreeableness
modest
straight forward
Agreeableness
Agreeableness*Slide8
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
(Constraint)
Openness to
Experience
Extraversion
(Positive
Emotionality)
Neuroticism
(Negative
Emotionality)
insecure
anxious
hostile
vulnerable
self-conscious
Neuroticism
(Negative
Emotionality)
Neuroticism*Slide9
Five Factor (Big Five) Model *
Take the test!
Email me the results
BY
MONDAY 5PM
on
for 5 point bonus on Assessment #4
9Slide10
Personality Tests *
Self-Report Inventories*
Personality Inventories: questionnaires, e.g. MMPI
True/False or Multiple Choice; answers associated with trait or diagnosis
OBJECTIVE!
Projective Tests *
Ask for meaning of ambiguous stimuli
Rorschach – ask to explain image in InkblotsThematic Apperception Test (TAT) ask to tell stories about ambiguous picturesSUBJECTIVE!
10Slide11
Freud and the Psychodynamic Approach *
Unconscious mind *
Memories outside awareness/not accessible
Repressed memories and emotions
Preconscious mind *
Thoughts just beneath surface
Voluntary access
Conscious mind *Thoughts you are aware of
Currently processing
11Slide12
Components of Personality
Sigmund Freud
Id*
Primitive impulses, unconscious
pleasure principle*: immediate gratification
Ego *
Conscious, decision maker
Reality Principle*: delay gratificationSuperego *Unconscious; conscienceSense of morality; constraints of society
12Slide13
Defense Mechanisms
Sigmund Freud
Definition: unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
Self-protective “distortions” of the truth
13Slide14
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Oral (0-18mo) Dependency; oral gratification
Anal (18mo-3y) Control issues; toilet training
Phallic (3-6y) Attraction to opposite sex; identification with same sex
Latency (6-puberty) Associate with same sex in normal activities like sports, school
Genital (Adult) Mature Sexuality
14Slide15
Humanistic Psychology *
Carl Rogers: Self Concept: – our beliefs about who we are
Key Concepts: Free Will and Self Concept
Self Esteem – Positive feelings about the self
Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization – motive to reach our full
potential
Esteem Needs
Love, Belonging Safety Physiological Needs
15Slide16
Is Personality Inherited?*
The Great Debate: Nature vs.
Nuture
Environment: parents influence over their children
(Ex: Authoritarian vs. Permissive parenting styles)Biological: theories stress the genetic origins of personality
(Ex: twins raised apart were still similar)
Evolutionary: natural selection has favored certain traits
Conclusion: Environment & Genes interact to influence personality and behavior = birth of BioPsychoSocial!
16Slide17
Social Cognitive Theory
Albert BanduraPersonality is shaped through learning
Observational learning: ‘monkey see—monkey do’
Model: a person who’s behavior is observed by other person
Self-efficacy: “I think I can, I think I can ...”17Slide18
Person-Situation Theory
Walter Mischel
Person AND Situation determines behavior
Work hard = get paid, promotions and bonuses
No promotions, no bonus = show up to workPeople that are honest in one situation are not always honest in another
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