How did 13 different colonies form to become the United State of America Objectives What you should know by the end of this power point The reason for creation of the Constitution What the Framers agreed and disagreed on ID: 569522
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Creating a Government
How did 13 different colonies form to become the United State of America?Slide3
Objectives: What you should know by the end of this power point!
-The reason for creation of the Constitution.
-What the Framers agreed and disagreed on.
-What influenced the Framers when creating the Constitution.
-The type of government we have and what that means.
-The plans presented at the convention.
-Our current plan.
-How slavery played a role in the Constitution.Slide4
Why did the founders fear the abuse of power?
“Give all power to the many, they will oppose the few. Give all the power to the few and they will oppress the many”
What does Alexander Hamilton mean?Slide5
Why did the founders fear the abuse of power?
“There are two passions which have a Powerful influence on the affairs of men. These are ambition and avarice [greed]; the love of power and the love of money.”
What does Benjamin Franklin mean?Slide6
Why did the founders fear the abuse of power?
“From the nature of man, we may be sure that those who have power in their hands… will always, when they can … increase it.”
What does George Mason mean?Slide7
Background
To the people their state was their country.
A national government was needed.
The Articles of Confederation were our first national government. (1777)
After final approval in 1781 they went into effect. Slide8
Articles of Confederation
Colonist two biggest fear: A strong national government / fear that some states would have more power than others.
They created a weak government.
Numerous problems:
1. couldn’t raise money
2. no power over states or it’s citizens
3. couldn’t enforce trade agreement
4. couldn’t regulate trade
5. Citizens felt their property rights threatened.Slide9
Shay’s Rebellion
Farmers were in debt.
In MA government started taking their farms.
Daniel Shay organized an armed rebellion.
The rebellion is crushed, but demonstrated the need for a stronger central government.
A convention is arranged with the “soul and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”Slide10
An invitation
A meeting is set for Philadelphia on May 25, 1787.
55 delegates arrive to the Congress.
Delegates would submit plans to improve the A.o.C.
Congress would pick a plan that worked best.Slide11
Influences On The Framers
Republic – a government in which the power is held by the people who elect representatives.
The founders believed a republican government was the best with several advantages:
Representatives are elected to serve the common good.
Having representatives make the laws more efficient.
The people would have a say in their government.
The representatives were responsible to the people.
Disadvantages:
Republics worked best in smaller communities.
The people had to be alike without much diversity.
Divisions would form.
Slide12
But I thought we were a democracy?
Direct Democracy: the people themselves control the government.
James Madison is often referred to as the “Father of the Constitution” because he adapted the idea of a Republican Government to the reality of American life.
A laws would be made by elected representatives.
B. representatives would be elected by large groups of people, instead of small.
Using the principles of a democracy the founders eventually formed a republic. Slide13
What is a Constitutional Government?
Governments organized in such a way that one person or group cannot get enough power to dominate the government.
-separate the powers of the gov.=
divide the power of gov. among different branches or parts.
-balance the power among the branches of gov.=
give each branch methods to check the use of power by the other branches.Slide14
Disagreements
Representation: How many representatives should the states have in the Congress?
Small – wanted equal representation. (1 vote each)
Large – Proportional representation. (More people more votes)Slide15
The Virginia Plan
James Madison had drafted a plan for a national government.
He called it the Virginia Plan.
There would be a strong national government.Slide16
The Virginia Plan
Two governments would govern the people.
There would be state and national governments.
Both governments would get their power from the people.
Federalism:
a system of government where power is divided between a federal and state governments.Slide17
The Virginia Plan
The national government would have the power to make and enforce its own laws.
It would have the power to collect its own taxes.Slide18
The Virginia Plan
The Legislative branch would be divided into two groups with larger states having more reps:
House of Representatives
The Senate
The government would be divided into three branches:
Legislative branch
Executive branch
Judicial Branch Slide19
The New Jersey Plan
William Patterson of New Jersey led a group of small states to develop a new plan.
This plan followed the framework of the Articles of Confederation.Slide20
The New Jersey Plan
Favored a weak national government.
One house in Congress
Each state would have equal representation.
Congress could collect taxes.
Regulate trade between states and other nations.
Three branches, where executive branch would have several members appointed by the Congress.
The executive branch would appoint judges to the courts.Slide21
Compare Side by Side:
Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan
Legislative Branch
(make laws)
Two (branches) houses: representation determine by state population or wealth
Lower house: elected by the people
Upper house: elected by the lower house
One house: one vote for each state, regardless of size
Elected by state legislatures
Executive Branch
(enforce laws)
Appointed by Legislature
Appointed by Legislature
Judicial Branch
(interpret laws)
Appointed by Legislature
Appointed by ExecutiveSlide22
The Great Compromise: 3 parts
1. Congress would have a bicameral legislature (2 house Congress) House of Representatives and Senate.
2. House would be based on population and have the power to pass taxes and government spending.
3. Senate would be equal representation (2 Senators per state) make changes to taxes and spending.Slide23
The Great Compromise
Executive Branch
Executes the laws
People vote for their president
Legislative
Branch
Two (branches) houses:
House: based on population
Senate: each state gets two
People vote for their Reps and Senators
Judicial
Branch
Appointed by the Executive Branch
Approval required by LegislatureSlide24
Slavery and the Constitution
The south was an agricultural economy.
They relied on slave labor to make a larger profit.
Slaves were treated as property.
The north was more diverse and did not rely on slave labor.Slide25
North vs South
Slavery was about more than tariffs.
Northern states ended the practice and were against it. (Some from the South were as well)
3 Southern states refused to be apart of the union if denied their right to slavery.
Southern states also wanted to count slaves, when counting state population.Slide26
Prelude to the Civil War
The national government would not end the slave trade before 1808. (Basically agreeing to deal with the issue later.)
3/5 Compromise – 3/5 of the slave population would be used for counting a states population and for tax purposes.
The issue was far from settled and resulted in the Civil War years later. Slide27
Anti Federalist-people who did not support the Constitution
Mercy Otis Warren wrote an essay calling for a democratic nation.
Thought too much power was taken from the state.
Did not guarantee people’s rights
Supported from rural areas
Large states with strong economies as well like New YorkSlide28
Federalists-people who supported the Constitution
Wrote the Federalist papers (James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay)
Believed the division of power between state and federal was good enoughSlide29
Call for the Bill of Rights
Anti-federalist wanted a guarantee of their rights, example speech, bear arms
Federalist insisted the Constitution only granted limited powers to the government
A Bill of Rights was promised to be added after ratification.