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Creating a Government Creating a Government

Creating a Government - PowerPoint Presentation

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Creating a Government - PPT Presentation

How did 13 different colonies form to become the United State of America Objectives What you should know by the end of this power point The reason for creation of the Constitution What the Framers agreed and disagreed on ID: 569522

power government plan people government power people plan state branch states house national representatives congress branches laws constitution virginia

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Creating a Government

How did 13 different colonies form to become the United State of America?Slide3

Objectives: What you should know by the end of this power point!

-The reason for creation of the Constitution.

-What the Framers agreed and disagreed on.

-What influenced the Framers when creating the Constitution.

-The type of government we have and what that means.

-The plans presented at the convention.

-Our current plan.

-How slavery played a role in the Constitution.Slide4

Why did the founders fear the abuse of power?

“Give all power to the many, they will oppose the few. Give all the power to the few and they will oppress the many”

What does Alexander Hamilton mean?Slide5

Why did the founders fear the abuse of power?

“There are two passions which have a Powerful influence on the affairs of men. These are ambition and avarice [greed]; the love of power and the love of money.”

What does Benjamin Franklin mean?Slide6

Why did the founders fear the abuse of power?

“From the nature of man, we may be sure that those who have power in their hands… will always, when they can … increase it.”

What does George Mason mean?Slide7

Background

To the people their state was their country.

A national government was needed.

The Articles of Confederation were our first national government. (1777)

After final approval in 1781 they went into effect. Slide8

Articles of Confederation

Colonist two biggest fear: A strong national government / fear that some states would have more power than others.

They created a weak government.

Numerous problems:

1. couldn’t raise money

2. no power over states or it’s citizens

3. couldn’t enforce trade agreement

4. couldn’t regulate trade

5. Citizens felt their property rights threatened.Slide9

Shay’s Rebellion

Farmers were in debt.

In MA government started taking their farms.

Daniel Shay organized an armed rebellion.

The rebellion is crushed, but demonstrated the need for a stronger central government.

A convention is arranged with the “soul and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”Slide10

An invitation

A meeting is set for Philadelphia on May 25, 1787.

55 delegates arrive to the Congress.

Delegates would submit plans to improve the A.o.C.

Congress would pick a plan that worked best.Slide11

Influences On The Framers

Republic – a government in which the power is held by the people who elect representatives.

The founders believed a republican government was the best with several advantages:

Representatives are elected to serve the common good.

Having representatives make the laws more efficient.

The people would have a say in their government.

The representatives were responsible to the people.

Disadvantages:

Republics worked best in smaller communities.

The people had to be alike without much diversity.

Divisions would form.

Slide12

But I thought we were a democracy?

Direct Democracy: the people themselves control the government.

James Madison is often referred to as the “Father of the Constitution” because he adapted the idea of a Republican Government to the reality of American life.

A laws would be made by elected representatives.

B. representatives would be elected by large groups of people, instead of small.

Using the principles of a democracy the founders eventually formed a republic. Slide13

What is a Constitutional Government?

Governments organized in such a way that one person or group cannot get enough power to dominate the government.

-separate the powers of the gov.=

divide the power of gov. among different branches or parts.

-balance the power among the branches of gov.=

give each branch methods to check the use of power by the other branches.Slide14

Disagreements

Representation: How many representatives should the states have in the Congress?

Small – wanted equal representation. (1 vote each)

Large – Proportional representation. (More people more votes)Slide15

The Virginia Plan

James Madison had drafted a plan for a national government.

He called it the Virginia Plan.

There would be a strong national government.Slide16

The Virginia Plan

Two governments would govern the people.

There would be state and national governments.

Both governments would get their power from the people.

Federalism:

a system of government where power is divided between a federal and state governments.Slide17

The Virginia Plan

The national government would have the power to make and enforce its own laws.

It would have the power to collect its own taxes.Slide18

The Virginia Plan

The Legislative branch would be divided into two groups with larger states having more reps:

House of Representatives

The Senate

The government would be divided into three branches:

Legislative branch

Executive branch

Judicial Branch Slide19

The New Jersey Plan

William Patterson of New Jersey led a group of small states to develop a new plan.

This plan followed the framework of the Articles of Confederation.Slide20

The New Jersey Plan

Favored a weak national government.

One house in Congress

Each state would have equal representation.

Congress could collect taxes.

Regulate trade between states and other nations.

Three branches, where executive branch would have several members appointed by the Congress.

The executive branch would appoint judges to the courts.Slide21

Compare Side by Side:

Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan

Legislative Branch

(make laws)

Two (branches) houses: representation determine by state population or wealth

Lower house: elected by the people

Upper house: elected by the lower house

One house: one vote for each state, regardless of size

Elected by state legislatures

Executive Branch

(enforce laws)

Appointed by Legislature

Appointed by Legislature

Judicial Branch

(interpret laws)

Appointed by Legislature

Appointed by ExecutiveSlide22

The Great Compromise: 3 parts

1. Congress would have a bicameral legislature (2 house Congress) House of Representatives and Senate.

2. House would be based on population and have the power to pass taxes and government spending.

3. Senate would be equal representation (2 Senators per state) make changes to taxes and spending.Slide23

The Great Compromise

Executive Branch

Executes the laws

People vote for their president

Legislative

Branch

Two (branches) houses:

House: based on population

Senate: each state gets two

People vote for their Reps and Senators

Judicial

Branch

Appointed by the Executive Branch

Approval required by LegislatureSlide24

Slavery and the Constitution

The south was an agricultural economy.

They relied on slave labor to make a larger profit.

Slaves were treated as property.

The north was more diverse and did not rely on slave labor.Slide25

North vs South

Slavery was about more than tariffs.

Northern states ended the practice and were against it. (Some from the South were as well)

3 Southern states refused to be apart of the union if denied their right to slavery.

Southern states also wanted to count slaves, when counting state population.Slide26

Prelude to the Civil War

The national government would not end the slave trade before 1808. (Basically agreeing to deal with the issue later.)

3/5 Compromise – 3/5 of the slave population would be used for counting a states population and for tax purposes.

The issue was far from settled and resulted in the Civil War years later. Slide27

Anti Federalist-people who did not support the Constitution

Mercy Otis Warren wrote an essay calling for a democratic nation.

Thought too much power was taken from the state.

Did not guarantee people’s rights

Supported from rural areas

Large states with strong economies as well like New YorkSlide28

Federalists-people who supported the Constitution

Wrote the Federalist papers (James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay)

Believed the division of power between state and federal was good enoughSlide29

Call for the Bill of Rights

Anti-federalist wanted a guarantee of their rights, example speech, bear arms

Federalist insisted the Constitution only granted limited powers to the government

A Bill of Rights was promised to be added after ratification.