s Solid l Liquid g G as aq Aqueous dissolved in water How do we know the states of matter in a reaction Word problem tells us States of matter from the periodic table ID: 538852
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Slide1
Descriptive Abbreviations
(s) Solid(l) Liquid(g) Gas(aq) Aqueous dissolved in waterHow do we know the states of matter in a reaction?Word problem tells usStates of matter from the periodic tableCommon knowledge
Episode 605Slide2
Determining State at Room Temperature
All metals are solids except for mercury, which is a liquid.Most non-metals are gases with these exceptions:Liquid – bromineSolids – carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and astatineAll metalloids are solidsIonic compounds are solid, unless told otherwise.
Covalent
compounds are
liquid, unless told otherwise.
Episode 605Slide3
When heated, solid mercury (II) oxide yields mercury and oxygen gas.
Write the balanced chemical equation including the descriptive abbreviations for the state of matter.2 HgO(s) → 2 Hg(l) + O2(g)Episode 605Slide4
Classifying Reactions
SynthesisTwo or more substances combine to form a more complex substanceA + B ABFe(s) + S(s) FeS(s)H20(l) + SO3
(g)
H
2
SO
4
(
aq
)(acid rain)
http://www.natgeoeducationvideo.com/film/1233/acid-rain
http://video.about.com/chemistry/What-Are-Types-of-Chemical-Reactions.htm
Episode 605Slide5
Classifying Reactions
DecompositionA single substance is broken down into two or more simpler substancesAB A + BH2O (l) H2
(g)
+
O
2
(g)
2HgO
2Hg(l)
+ O2
↑
Episode 605Slide6
Classifying Reactions
Single ReplacementA free element replaces a less reactive element in a compoundA + BY AY + BZn (s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(
aq
)
+
H
2
(g)
2Al(s) +
3CuCl2(
aq) 2AlCl3(
aq
) + 3
Cu(s)
Cu(s) + MgCl2(aq)
Activity Series: an
arrangement
of elements in the order of their
tendency
to
react
NR (no reaction)
Episode 605Slide7
Activity Series
LithiumPotassiumBariumCalciumSodiumMagnesiumAluminumManganeseZincChromiumNickelTinLead(Hydrogen)CopperMercurySilverGold
Decreasing activity
Episode 605Slide8
Classifying Reactions
Double ReplacementThe elements of a reacting compounds replace each otherNormally takes place in an aqueous solutionAlso called metathesis reactionAX + BY AY + BX2KI(aq) + Pb
(NO
3
)
2
(
aq
)
PBI2(s)
+ KNO
3(g)
Precipitate
An insoluble solid May be
represented
in an equation by
(s)
or
↓
NaCl
(aq) + AgNO
3(aq
) NaNO
3
(
aq
) +
AgCl
↓
Episode 605Slide9
Classifying Reactions
CombustionInvolves the reaction of a substance with oxygenOften called burningThe complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces CO2 and H2OCxHy + O2
CO
2
+ H
2
0
C
3
H8(g) + 5O
2(g)
3CO2
(g) + 4H2
O(l)CH4(g) + 2O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + 2H
2
O(l)
Episode 605