Iván Fernández CIEMAT 2 nd EUUS DCLL Workshop University of California Los Angeles Nov 1415 th 2014 Summary Introduction Manufacturing and assembly LiPb loop Permeator against ID: 363826
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Slide1
Summary of FUSKITE results on materials, modeling and data analysis
Iván FernándezCIEMAT
2
nd
EU-US DCLL Workshop, University of California, Los Angeles, Nov. 14-15
th
, 2014Slide2
Summary
Introduction
Manufacturing and assembly
LiPb
loop
Permeator
against
vacuum
Vacuum
system
Heating & cooling
systems
Vacuum
test
Hydrogen in gas phase permeation
tests
Characterization of the hydrogen transport properties of the
Fuskite
material.
Hydrogen dissolved in
LiPb
permeation
testsSlide3
FUSKITE
Fuskite
:
reduced-scale technology demonstrator of permeation against vacuum.
Natural convection
LiPb
loop.
Objectives:
Scale testing of permeation against vacuum.
Perform measurements of permeation in gas-phase and flowing
LiPb
.Analyze permeation under a number of controlled variables (T, P, velocity, species).Assess feasibility of PAV as tritium extraction system for fusion reactors.Slide4
Manufacturing and assembly: LiPb loop
Volume: 22.94 l.
Stainless steel + controlled oxidation process (formation of a
chromia layer on the surface as permeation/corrosion barrier).
Au and Cu O-rings in main flanges.
Bellows valves for safety and drainage to ensure better closing and sealing. Electric actuators to remotely control the
valves.Slide5
Manufacturing and assembly: LiPb loopSlide6
Manufacturing and assembly: PAV
Spiral-shaped
permeator against vacuum (PAV
).Slide7
Manufacturing and assembly: PAV
0.5
mm membrane thickness.
250 mm height.
150 mm diameter.
5 mm spacing between membranes.
Evenly distributed inner
stiffeners.
Made of SS 316L. Not optimal for permeation but needed by manufacturing process.
Manufactured by Laser-
cusing
, a rapid prototyping technique which allows manufacturing components with complex geometries and high mechanical performance. Based on Selective Laser Melting.Slide8
Manufacturing and assembly: PAVSlide9
Hydrogen
injection by
calibrated
leak
or B10
bottle.
Vacuum
pump
incorporated
in the He leak detector. Permeated hydrogen is recovered and carried to the analyser by means for
bellow
valves
and flexible metal
hoses
.
Manufacturing and assembly: vacuum systemSlide10
Manufacturing and assembly: heating & cooling
Cooling: cold source at 325ºC by cross flow of 2 centrifugal fans.
The whole loop is thermally insulated.
Heating
by
electrical
tracing
.Hot source (325-400ºC)Safety/general (260-325ºC)Compensating system (235-280ºC)Outlet (260ºC)Slide11
Manufacturing and assembly: heating & coolingSlide12
Vacuum test
Hydrogen background level of 2.38·10
−
5 mbar l/s when the gas mixture pressure
inside the loop is 2
bar.Possible causes:
small
leaks in
permeator
and its own material degasification
.
Pressure achieved inside the permeator by the rotary vacuum pump: 6.53·10-3 mbar. Slide13
Hydrogen in gas phase permeation test
Mixture of inert gas (Ar
) and H
2 (1%) inside the loop.Balance between the injected hydrogen and the extracted by permeation
time necessary
for permeation of a specific amount of hydrogen
.
Flexibility: possibility of modifying process variables (velocity, temperature, H
2
concentration, etc.) to characterize the efficiency in each case.Slide14
Hydrogen permeation results
Hydrogen permeation flux rates in steady-state.
T
(
ºC)
Permeation
rate
(mbar l/s)
Time (min)
335
4.91·10-41333254.17·10-41883002.57·10-43972751.54·10-4590
250
0.85·10
-4
993
200
Not
reached
>1000Slide15
Hydrogen permeation results
Recovery of permeated hydrogen.
Hydrogen permeated
flow and total amount recovered (
Pmix
= 2 bar, T =
325ºC)
18.7%
injectedSlide16
Hydrogen permeation results
Characterization of hydrogen transport parameters in the steel SS 316L used by the manufacturer.
University of the Basque Country facilities.Slide17
Hydrogen permeation results
Hydrogen pressure load: 0,5-1,5 bar.Temperature: 200-550ºC.
823 [K]
783 [K]
748 [K]
673 [K]
Confirmed diffusive regime: J
p
0.5Slide18
Hydrogen permeation results: diffusivitySlide19
Hydrogen permeation results: Sieverts constantSlide20
Microscopy examinations at CIEMAT
6 samples were obtained from the
Fuskite external surface filings.
Examinations suggest the features of the F
uskite surface, obtained by Laser-
cusing, are very different to the original material ones. Surface limited transport model could occur.
A new characterization of hydrogen transport parameters will be carried out at the University of the Basque Country with SS 316L samples obtained by Laser-
cusing
.
If results show permeation is penalized by surface phenomena, it would imply the selected manufacturing technique is not appropriate.Slide21
Permeation test of hydrogen dissolved in LiPb
Measurements of hydrogen concentration in LiPb
at several positions to evaluate the amount of dissolved hydrogen and then make an hydrogen balance to know efficiency.
Additional safety measurements:
Glove box.HEPA/ULPA filters.
Inner vacuum cleaner.
Tests will be performed at the beginning of 2015.