Figure 211 The major respiratory organs in relation to surrounding structures Nasal cavity Nostril Larynx Trachea Carina of trachea Right main primary bronchus Right lung Oral cavity ID: 636606
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© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.1 The major respiratory organs in relation to surrounding structures.
Nasal cavity
Nostril
Larynx
Trachea
Carina of
trachea
Right main (primary) bronchus
Rightlung
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Left main (primary) bronchus
Left lung
DiaphragmSlide2
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Figure 21.3b The upper respiratory tract.
Pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx
Cribriform plate
of ethmoid bone
Sphenoid sinus
Posterior nasal
apertureNasopharynx
Opening ofpharyngotympanic tube
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Isthmus of thefauces
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
Trachea
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity
Nasal conchae
(superior, middle and inferior)
Nasal meatuses(superior, middle,and inferior)
Nasal vestibule
Nostril
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue
Lingual tonsil
Hyoid bone
Larynx
Epiglottis
Vestibular fold
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland
IllustrationSlide3Slide4
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Figure 21.4a The larynx.
Body of hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal prominence
(Adam’s apple)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoidmembrane
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
Anterior superficial viewSlide5
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Figure 21.4b The larynx.
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoid
membrane
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Arytenoid muscles
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
Body of hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Fatty pad
Vestibular fold(false vocal cord)
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold(true vocal cord)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Sagittal view; anterior surface to the rightSlide6
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Figure 21.4c The larynx.
Epiglottis
Hyoid bone
Thyroid
cartilage
Lateral
thyrohyoidmembrane
Corniculatecartilage
Arytenoidcartilage
Glottis
Cricoidcartilage
Trachealcartilages
Photograph of cartilaginous frameworkof the larynx, posterior view Slide7
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Figure 21.5a Movements of the vocal folds.
Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
Base of tongue
Epiglottis
Vocal fold (true vocal cord)
Glottis
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Vocal folds in closed position; closed glottisSlide8
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Figure 21.6a Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Esophagus
Trachealis
muscle
Lumen of
trachea
PosteriorMucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
Seromucous glandin submucosa
Anterior
Cross section of the tracheaand esophagusSlide9
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Figure 21.6b Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Goblet cell
Pseudostratified
ciliated columnar
epithelium
Lamina propria (connective tissue)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilageSeromucous gland
In submucosa
Photomicrograph of the trachealwall (320x)
Slide10
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Figure 21.6c Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Scanning electron micrograph of cilia in the
trachea (2500x)Slide11
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Figure 21.7 Conducting zone passages.
Superior lobe
of right lung
Middle lobe
of right lung
Inferior lobeof right lung
Trachea
Superior lobeof left lungLeft main
(primary)bronchus
Lobar (secondary)bronchus
Segmental (tertiary)bronchus
Inferior lobeof left lungSlide12
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Figure 21.11 A cast of the bronchial tree.
Right lung
Left lung
Left superior
lobe
(4 segments)
Left inferiorlobe(5 segments)
Rightinferior lobe(5 segments)
Rightmiddlelobe (2segments)
Rightsuperior
lobe (3segments)Slide13
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Figure 21.8 Respiratory zone structures.
Alveolar duct
Respiratory bronchioles
Terminal
bronchiole
Alveoli
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Respiratorybronchiole
Alveolarduct
Alveoli
Alveolarsac
AlveolarporesSlide14
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Figure 21.9a Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Smooth
muscle
Elastic
fibersAlveolus
Capillaries
Diagrammatic view of capillary-alveoli relationshipsSlide15Slide16
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Figure 21.9c Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Red blood
cell in
capillary
Alveoli(gas-filledair spaces)
Type IIalveolarcell
Type Ialveolar
cellCapillary
Macrophage
Endothelial cellnucleus
Respiratorymembrane
Alveolarepithelium
Fused basementmembranes of
alveolarepithelium andcapillaryendothelium
Capillaryendothelium
Capillary
Alveolus
Nucleus of type I
alveolar cell
Alveolar pores
Red bloodcell
Alveolus
Detailed anatomy of the respiratory membrane Slide17
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Figure 21.10a Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
Trachea
Thymus
Apex of lung
Right inferior lobe
Horizontal fissure
Right superior lobe
Oblique fissure
Right middle lobe
Heart
(in mediastinum)
Diaphragm
Base of lung
Intercostal muscle
Rib
Parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
Visceral pleura
Leftsuperior lobe
Obliquefissure
Left inferior
lobe
Cardiac notch
Anterior view. The lungs flank mediastinal structures laterally.
LungSlide18
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Figure 21.12 Intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure relationships.
Atmospheric pressure (
P
atm)0 mm Hg (760 mm Hg)
Thoracic wall
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavityTranspulmonarypressure
4 mm Hg(the differencebetween 0 mm Hgand −4 mm Hg)
Intrapleuralpressure (Pip)
−4 mm Hg(756 mm Hg)
Intrapulmonarypressure (Ppul)0 mm Hg(760 mm Hg)
Diaphragm
Lung
0
– 4