1 2 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture the students should be able to Define blindness visual impairment amp low vision according to the WHO ICD10 classification Critically evaluate the definition amp its implications ID: 716066
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Ayesha Abdullah 17.08.2015
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESBy the end of this lecture the students should be able to:Define blindness, visual impairment & low vision according to the WHO- ICD-10 classification
Critically evaluate the definition & its implications
Describe the global burden of blindness & visual impairment.
Identify the major causes of blindness at global and national level.
Recognize the impact of blindness on the life of the individual and the society
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Definition of blindness Blindness is defined in different ways in different countries according to the purpose of definition i.e legal, social, clinical
etcWHO recommends the ICD-10
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–based definition
In Pakistan we use the same
1. International Statistical Classification of Diseases & related health problems, 10
th
revision (ICD-10)
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http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online2006/
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Definitions There are 4 levels of visual function, according to the International Classification of Diseases -10 Normal visionModerate visual impairmentSevere visual impairment
Blindness
“low vision”
Visual
Impairment
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Definition of blindness(ICD-10,Visual impairment (VI) categories 3, 4 & 5)Blindness is defined as a visual acuity (VA) of less than 3/60 (20/400) in the better eye with best possible correction
Or A visual field in the better eye to less than 100 from fixation
Key words?
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visual acuity less than 3/60
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5
4
3
2
1
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in the better eye 1/60
6/12
2/60
1/60
Which one is the better eye?
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best possible correction11Slide12
visual field loss Better eyeless than 100
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ICDCategoryVAVF(degrees)What
it defines0
6/6 –
6/18
> 20
Normal
1
<6/18-6/60
< 20
MVI
2
<6/60-3/60
SVI
3
<3/60-1/60
<10
B
4
<1/60-PL
B
5
NPL
B
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Let’s examine a few scenarios
VA
Visual Field
Rt eye (OD)
Lt eye (OS)
Rt eye (OD)
Lt eye (OS)
1
6/24
2/60
2
6/12
6/9
15
0
10
0
3
6/6
1/60
4
6/60
PL
5
2/60
2/60
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT MAGNITUDE AND CAUSES
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MAGNITUDE OF BLINDNESS & VI- 10 important facts285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide: 39 million are blind and 246 have low vision.About 90% of the world's visually impaired live in low-income settings.82% of people living with blindness are aged 50 and above.
Globally, uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment; cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness in middle- and low-income countries.80
% of all visual impairment can be prevented or cured.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/
http
://www.who.int/features/factfiles/blindness/blindness_facts/en/index9.html
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The number of people visually impaired from infectious diseases has reduced in the last 20 years according to global estimates work. Blinding trachoma now affects fewer than 80 million people, compared to 360 million in 1985 Aging populations and lifestyle changes mean that chronic blinding conditions such as diabetic retinopathy & ARMD are likely to rise further Women face a greater risk of vision loss than men Restorations of sight, and blindness prevention strategies are among the most cost-effective interventions in health care An estimated 19 million children are visually impaired. Of these, 12 million children are visually impaired due to refractive errors, a condition that could be easily diagnosed and corrected. 1.4 million are irreversibly blind for the rest of their
lives
10 important facts
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Global distribution
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Causes of blindness, Global level
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Distribution of causes of blindness
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Cataract
Diabetic retinopathy & glaucoma
Glaucoma & corneal opacity
Cataract
Diabetic eye disease
( emerging) & AMD
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“ Avoidable & unavoidable blindness”Avoidable Blindness That can be either treated or prevented by known, cost-effective meansCataract
Refractive errorsDiabetic retinopathy
Unavoidable blindness
Retinal causes of childhood blindness
ARMD
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Cataract
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Glaucoma
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Corneal opacity
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Childhood blindnessmortality & morbidity Vitamin A deficiency
Keratomalacia
Normal
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Trachoma
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Age-related macular degeneration
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H W
By 30TH
Aug
2016
NO
submission would be accepted after due date.
Prevalence & top 3 major causes of blindness in Pakistan
How do people with blindness live their lives- Name of the person that you studied and their work- Not more than three lines
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