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[U]16Do­les5 Example2Inthefollowingfragmentofado-le,wetemporarilychangetheend-of-linedelimiter: fragmentofexample.do usemydata#delimit;summarizeweightpricedisplheadroomrep78lengthturngear_ratioifsubstr(company,1,4)=="Ford"|substr(company,1,2)=="GM",detail;genbyteford=substr(company,1,4)=="Ford";#delimitcrgenbytegm=substr(company,1,2)=="GM" fragmentofexample.do Oncewechangethelinedelimitertosemicolon,alllines,evenshortones,mustendinsemicolons.Statatreatscarriagereturnsasnodifferentfromblanks.Wecanchangethedelimiterbacktocarriagereturnbytyping#delimitcr.The#delimitcommandisallowedonlyindo-les—itisnotallowedinteractively.Youneednotremembertosetthedelimiterbacktocarriagereturnattheendofado-lebecauseStatawillresetitautomatically. Example3Theotherwayaroundlonglinesistocommentoutthecarriagereturnbyusing/**/commentbracketsortousethe///line-joinindicator.Thusourcodefragmentcouldalsoread fragmentofexample.do usemydatasummarizeweightpricedisplheadroomrep78lengthturngear_ratio/**/ifsubstr(company,1,4)=="Ford"|/**/substr(company,1,2)=="GM",detailgenbyteford=substr(company,1,4)=="Ford"genbytegm=substr(company,1,2)=="GM" fragmentofexample.do or fragmentofexample.do usemydatasummarizeweightpricedisplheadroomrep78lengthturngear_ratio///ifsubstr(company,1,4)=="Ford"|///substr(company,1,2)=="GM",detailgenbyteford=substr(company,1,4)=="Ford"genbytegm=substr(company,1,2)=="GM" fragmentofexample.do [U]16Do­les7 .domyjob2.version13.usecensasfilecensas.dtanotfoundr(601);endofdo-filer(601);. WhenStatawastoldtousecensas,itrespondedwith“lecensas.dtanotfound”andareturncodeof601.Statathentyped“endofdo-le”andrepeatedthereturncodeof601.TherepeatedmessageoccurredforthesamereasonitdidwhenwepressedBreakinthepreviousexample.Theuseresultedinareturncodeof601,sothedo-leitselfresultedinthesamereturncode.TheimportantthingtounderstandisthatStatastoppedexecutingthelebecausetherewasanerror. TechnicalnoteWecantellStatatocontinueexecutingtheleevenifthereareerrorsbytypingdolename,nostop.Hereistheresult:.domyjob2,nostop.version13.usecensasfilecensas.dtanotfoundr(601);.tabulateregionnovariablesdefinedr(111);summarizemarriage_ratedivorce_ratemedian_ageifstate!="Nevada"novariablesdefinedr(111);endofdo-file. Noneofthecommandsworkedbecausethedo-le'srstcommandfailed.ThatiswhyStataordinarilystops.However,ifourlehadcontainedanythingthatcouldwork,itwouldhaveworked.Ingeneral,wedonotrecommendcodinginthismanner,asunintendedconsequencescanresultwhenerrorsdonotstopexecution. 16.1.5Loggingtheoutputofdo­lesYoulogtheoutputofdo-lesjustasyouwouldaninteractivesession;see[U]15Savingandprintingoutput—logles. [U]16Do­les9 16.3Creatingandrunningdo­les16.3.1Creatingandrunningdo­lesforWindows1.Youcanexecutedo-lesbytypingdofollowedbythelename,aswedidabove.2.Youcanexecutedo-lesbyselectingFile�Do....3.YoucanusetheDo-leEditortocompose,save,andexecutedo-les;see[GSW]13UsingtheDo­leEditor—automatingStata.TousetheDo-leEditor,clickontheDo­leEditorbutton,ortypedoeditintheCommandwindow.StataalsohasaProjectManagerformanagingcollectionsofdo-lesandotherles.See[P]ProjectManager.4.Youcandouble-clickontheiconforthedo-letolaunchStataandopenthedo-leintheDo-leEditor.5.Youcanrunthedo-leinbatchmode.See[GSW]B.5Statabatchmodefordetails,buttheshortexplanationisthatyouopenaWindowcommandwindowandtype�C:\data"C:\ProgramFiles\Stata13\Stata"/sdomyjobor�C:\data"C:\ProgramFiles\Stata13\Stata"/bdomyjobtoruninbatchmode,assumingthatyouhaveinstalledStatainthefolderC:\ProgramFiles\Stata13./band/sdeterminethekindoflogproduced,butputthatasideforasecond.WhenyoustartStataintheseways,Statawillruninthebackground.Whenthedo-lecompletes,theStataicononthetaskbarwillash.YoucanthenclickonittocloseStata.Ifyouwanttostopthedo-lebeforeitcompletes,clickontheStataicononthetaskbar,andStatawillaskyouifyouwanttocancelthejob.IfyouwantStatatoexitwhenthedo-leiscompleteratherthanashingonthetaskbar,alsospecify/eonthecommandline.Tologtheoutput,youcanstartthelogbeforeexecutingthedo-leoryoucanincludethelogusingandlogcloseinyourdo-le.WhenyourunStataintheseways,Statatakesthefollowingactions:a.Stataautomaticallyopensalog.Ifyouspecied/s,StatawillopenaSMCLlog;ifyouspecied/b,Statawillopenaplaintextlog.Ifyourdo-leisnamedxyz.do,thelogwillbecalledxyz.smcl(/s)orxyz.log(/b)inthesamedirectory.b.Ifyourdo-leexplicitlyopensanotherlog,Statawillsavetwocopiesoftheoutput.c.Stataignores more conditionsandanythingelsethatwouldcausethedo-letostopwereitrunninginteractively.16.3.2Creatingandrunningdo­lesforMac1.Youcanexecutedo-lesbytypingdofollowedbythelename,aswedidabove.2.Youcanexecutedo-lesbyselectingFile�Do....3.YoucanusetheDo-leEditortocompose,save,andexecutedo-les;see[GSM]13UsingtheDo­leEditor—automatingStata.ClickontheDo­leEditorbutton,ortypedoeditintheCommandwindow.StataalsohasaProjectManagerformanagingcollectionsofdo-lesandotherles.See[P]ProjectManager.4.Youcandouble-clickontheiconforthedo-letoopenthedo-leintheDo-leEditor. 10[U]16Do­les 5.Double-clickingontheiconforado-lenamedStata.dowilllaunchStataifitisnotalreadyrunningandsetthecurrentworkingdirectorytothelocationofthedo-le.6.Youcanrunthedo-leinbatchmode.See[GSM]B.3Statabatchmodefordetails,buttheshortexplanationisthatyouopenaTerminalwindowandtype%/Applications/Stata/Stata.app/Contents/MacOS/Stata-sdomyjobor%/Applications/Stata/Stata.app/Contents/MacOS/Stata-bdomyjobtoruninbatchmode,assumingthatyouhaveinstalledStata/ICinthefolder/Applications/Stata.-band-sdeterminethekindoflogproduced,butputthatasideforasecond.WhenyoustartStataintheseways,Statawillruninthebackground.Whenthedo-lecompletes,theStataiconontheDockwillbounceuntilyouputStataintotheforeground.YoucanthenexitStata.Ifyouwanttostopthedo-lebeforeitcompletes,right-clickontheStataiconontheDock,andselectQuit.Tologtheoutput,youcanstartthelogbeforeexecutingthedo-leoryoucanincludethelogusingandlogcloseinyourdo-le.WhenyourunStataintheseways,Statatakesthefollowingactions:a.Stataautomaticallyopensalog.Ifyouspecied-s,StatawillopenaSMCLlog;ifyouspecied-b,Statawillopenaplaintextlog.Ifyourdo-leisnamedxyz.do,thelogwillbecalledxyz.smcl(-s)orxyz.log(-b)inthesamedirectory.b.Ifyourdo-leexplicitlyopensanotherlog,Statawillsavetwocopiesoftheoutput.c.Stataignores more conditionsandanythingelsethatwouldcausethedo-letostopwereitrunninginteractively.16.3.3Creatingandrunningdo­lesforUnix1.Youcanexecutedo-lesbytypingdofollowedbythelename,aswedidabove.2.Youcanexecutedo-lesbyselectingFile�Do....3.YoucanusetheDo-leEditortocompose,save,andexecutedo-les;see[GSU]13UsingtheDo­leEditor—automatingStata.ClickontheDo­leEditorbutton,ortypedoeditintheCommandwindow.StataalsohasaProjectManagerformanagingcollectionsofdo-lesandotherles.See[P]ProjectManager.4.AttheUnixprompt,youcantype$xstatadolenameor$statadolenametolaunchStataandrunthedo-le.Whenthedo-lecompletes,StatawillpromptyouforthenextcommandjustasifyouhadstartedStatathenormalway.IfyouwantStatatoexitinstead,includeexit,STATAclearasthelastlineofyourdo-le.Tologtheoutput,youcanstartthelogbeforeexecutingthedo-leoryoucanincludethelogusingandlogcloseinyourdo-le. 12[U]16Do­les youcouldwritethedo-le beginmyxmpl.do use`1'tabulateregionsummarizemarriage_ratedivorce_rate endmyxmpl.do andyoucouldrunthisdo-lebytyping,forinstance,.domyxmplcensus(outputomitted)Therstcommand—use`1'—wouldbeinterpretedasusecensus5becausecensus5wastherstargumentyoutypedafterdomyxmpl.Anevenbetterversionofthedo-lewouldread beginmyxmpl.do argsdsnameuse`dsname'tabulateregionsummarizemarriage_ratedivorce_rate endmyxmpl.do Theargscommandmerelyassignsabetternametotheargumentpassed.argsdsnamedoesnotverifythatwhatwetypefollowingdomyxmplisalename—wewouldhavetousethesyntaxcommandifwewantedtodothat—butsubstituting`dsname'for`1'doesmakethecodemorereadable.Ifourprogramweretoreceivetwoarguments,wecouldrefertothemas`1'and`2',orwecouldputan`argsdsnameother'atthetopofourdo-leandthenreferto`dsname'and`other'.Tolearnmoreaboutargumentpassing,see[U]18.4Programarguments.Baum(2009)providesmanyexamplesandtipsrelatedtodo-les.16.4.2SuppressingoutputThereisanalternativetotypingdolename;itisrunlename.runworksinthesamewayasdo,exceptthatneithertheinstructionsinthelenoranyoftheoutputcausedbythoseinstructionsisshownonthescreenorinthelogle.Forinstance,withtheabovemyxmpl.do,typingrunmyxmplcensus5resultsin.runmyxmplcensus. Alltheinstructionswereexecuted,butnoneoftheoutputwasshown.Thisisnotusefulhere,butifthedo-lecontainedonlythedenitionsofStataprograms—see[U]18ProgrammingStata—andyoumerelywantedtoloadtheprogramswithoutseeingthecode,runwouldbeuseful.