Essential Question How - PowerPoint Presentation

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Essential QuestionHow did political parties develop in the United States, and what problems did President Adams face with France?

Ch. 9. 3The Federalists in ChargeSlide2

Ch. 9.3 Vocabulary1. Foreign Policy – our nation’s relationships with the governments of other countries2. Political Party – a group of people who try to promote their party’s ideas, influence government, and back candidates for political office

3. XYZ Affair – an incident in 1797 in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats 4. Alien & Sedition Acts – a series of laws passed in 1798 to reduce the political power of new immigrants to the U.S.5. State’s Rights – a theory that states had the right to judge when the federal government passed an unconstitutional lawSlide3

Ch. 9.3 Focus QuestionsWhat did George Washington warn the nation about in his farewell address?What the differences between the Federalists and Democratic Republicans? Name the leaders from each party.Explain how John Adams became president and Thomas Jefferson, his rival became vice president.

Why were relations between France and U.S. tense?Slide4

Ch. 9.3 Focus QuestionsWhat was the XYZ Affair about? How did Congress react?Why were the Alien & Sedition Acts passed? Who did they target?How did Thomas Jefferson & James Madison respond to the Alien & Sedition Acts?

How did President Adams make peace with France?Slide5

Washington’s 2nd TermDuring Washington’s second term of office, he received criticism for his neutral stand on the French Revolution.In his farewell address, he warned:Personal attacks due to political disagreements could weaken the nation

American leaders should remain neutral and avoid permanent alliances with foreign nationsAgreements with foreign nations might work against United States interests.Slide6

Washington RetiresWashington’s advice served as a guide to United States foreign policy – relationships with the governments of other countriesSlide7

Growth of Political PartiesWashington also warned against political parties, but Americans were divided over how the nation should be runMadison took Jefferson’s place in the debates with Alexander HamiltonBoth sides disagreed about how to interpret the Constitution and economic policySlide8

Growth of Political PartiesHamilton /Federalist Party 1. favored the British Government 2. wanted a strong central government.

3. opposed the French Revolution 4. wanted manufacturing, trade, and cities to growSlide9

Growth of Political PartiesJefferson and Madison/Democratic Republicans 1. wanted a weak central government

2. supported the French Revolution 3. wanted a rural nation of planters and farmersThese differences on foreign and domestic (at home) policies led to the nation’s first political parties – groups of people who try to promote their ideas and influence the government. They also support candidates for political office.Slide10

Growth of Political PartiesDemocratic Republican PartyFounded by Thomas Jefferson & James

Madison 1. limited national government 2. fear of rule by one person or a powerful few 3. strict interpretation of the Constitution 4. opposed the national bank

5. economy based on farming

6. supported by farmers and

tradespeopleSlide11

Growth of Political PartiesThe Federalist PartyFounded by Alexander Hamilton & John Adams

1. strong central government 2. fear of “mob” rule 3. loose interpretation of the Constitution 4. favored national bank 5. economy based upon manufacturing and shipping 6. supported by lawyers, manufacturers, merchants and clergy (religious leaders)Slide12

John Adams Takes Office1796 – The U.S. holds first election with political parties competingFederalists Party chose John Adams (Washington’s vice-president) as its candidateThe Democratic Republicans chose Thomas JeffersonAdams received 71 electoral college votes

and Jefferson received 68 votesThe Constitution stated that the runner-up should become vice-presidentJohn Adams became the second president and his rival, Thomas Jefferson became vice-presidentAdams became the first president to govern from the nation’s new capital city, Washington D.C. Slide13

Problems with FranceRelations with France were tense as Britain and France were still at warThe French seized and looted more than 300 U.S. ships to prevent them from trading with the BritishPresident Adams sent three men to Paris to talk with the French minister of foreign affairsFor weeks they were ignored until 3 French agents referred to as “X” “Y” and “Z” told the Americans that the minister would meet with them if the U.S. would loan France 10 million dollars and pay a $250,000 bribe to the French minister!Slide14

Problems with FrancePresident Adams received a full report and the U.S. refused to pay the ransomThe incident became known as the XYZ Affair – French officials demanding a bribe from U.S. diplomats1798 – Congress canceled its treaties with France and allowed U.S. ships to seize French vessels

Congress set aside money to expand the navy and the armySlide15

The Alien and Sedition ActsThe conflict with France made the Federalists popularDemocratic Republicans were sympathetic to FranceDemocratic Republican newspapers called President Adams “the blasted tyrant of America”Federalists labeled the Democratic Republicans as “demorats, mobcrats and any other kind of rats”Slide16

The Alien and Sedition ActsMany immigrants were Democratic Republicans President Adams blamed the Democratic Republican newspapers and new immigrants for their public criticismTo silence immigrants

, the Federalist Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts of 1798 – laws targeting aliens- immigrants who were not yet American citizensSlide17

The Alien and Sedition ActsAlien & Sedition ActsIncreased the waiting period to become a U.S. citizen from 5 years to 14 yearsGave the president power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out of the country during wartimeOutlawed

sedition - saying or writing anything false or harmful about the governmentDemocratic Republicans saw this as violating Constitutional right of freedom of speech and the pressSlide18

The Alien and Sedition Acts25 Democratic Republican newspaper editors were charged under this act and 10 were convictedVermont congressman, Matthew Lyon was locked up for saying “The President should be sent to a mad house”Jefferson & Madison looked for a way to fight the Alien & Sedition ActsThey found it in a theory - States’ Rights - States have rights that the federal government cannot violateSlide19

The Alien and Sedition ActsJefferson and Madison wrote resolutions (statements)Kentucky Resolution (Jefferson) “nullification” a state could nullify a federal law within a state Virginia Resolution (Madison) a state can place itself between the federal government and its citizens

No other states supported the resolutionsWithin 2 years the Democratic Republicans won control of Congress and repealed the actsSlide20

Peace with FranceAdams reopened talks with FranceThis time both sides quickly signed the Convention of 1800 – an agreement to stop all naval attacks.Adam’s actions made him enemies among the FederalistsHe lost the reelection of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States