Events - PowerPoint Presentation

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Events and Ideas #6The War Affects Technology and Industry

U.S. History

Unit 5Slide2

Essential Questions:Which technologies had the greatest impact on the war? Explain the impactsSlide3

Before WWIIIn 1939 – the U.S. Army was ranked 39th in the worldThe U.S. had a Cavalry force of 50,000 still using horses to pull artilleryFDR was tried diligently to coax a reluctant nation to prepare for warSlide4

What Supplies Did We Need?The U.S. and their Allies needed:ShipsSubmarinesAirplanes

Ammunition

TanksSlide5

After Pearl HarborFDR set staggering goals for the nation’s factories60,000 aircraft in 1942125,000 aircraft in 1943120,000 tanks by 1943

55,000 antiaircraft gunsSlide6

Americans Need to Sacrifice to Win the WarFDR created the War Production BoardTo raise money, FDR:Asked American to ration certain commoditiesEncouraged Americans to by war bondsDecrease exemptions claimed on taxesSlide7

How did this Effect U.S. Industry?

Most industrial plants were affected.

They were changed over to

producing military equipment and supplies

for war.

Tank FactorySlide8

War Production Changed American IndustryCompanies engaged in defense work expandedAutomobile industry was transformed completely1941 – 3,000,000 cars were made in the U.S.1943 -139 cars were madeChrysler made fuselagesGeneral Motors made airplane engines, guns, trucks and tanks.

Packard made engines for the British Air ForceSlide9

…and the Ford Motor CompanyFord performed something of a miracle building the B-24 Liberator long-range bomberThe (average) Ford car had: 15,000 parts

The B-24

bomber had: 1,550,000

parts

One bomber came off the line

every 63 minutes

Mrs.

DeVault

father-in-law flew the B-24 – 29 missions hitting Hitler's munitions factories, etc.Slide10

War ProductionIn 1944 alone, U.S. built more planes than the Japanese did from 1939 to 1945By the end of the war ½ of all industrial production in the world came from the U.S.Slide11

Everyone Joins In16 million men and women joined the militaryAt home 24 million worked at defense jobsFactories ran 24 hours a day, 7 days a weekSlide12
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By 1944……The U.S. was producing TWICE as much as the Axis Powers!Slide15

WWII Required That We Become More Technologically AdvancedSlide16

Some Military Technological Advances plus many more…WWICalvaryTrenchesPropeller aircraftWWI style battleships

WWII

Radar

Sonar

Aircraft Carriers (1920’s)

Jet aircraft

B

allistic missiles

A

tomic

weaponsSlide17

AviationThe range, size, and speed of airplanes was greatly increased.Germany first developed jets for military use, as well as rocket-propelled planes.

U.S

. and British air power were decisive factors in the defeat of Germany and Japan.

Germany’s

Heinkel

He 178

Mrs.

DeVault’s

father – served on an aircraft carrier in the Pacific during WWIISlide18

Military WeaponsInfrared technology was developed to allow soldiers to see in the dark.Because of the importance of air power, large aircraft carriers were developed.

British Special Forces Night Vision TechnologySlide19

The Manhattan ProjectA group of Hungarian scientists tried to warn Washington of ongoing Nazi atomic bomb research - they were ignored.

Albert Einstein, a German Jewish refugee, informed FDR that the Nazi scientists were building atomic weapons.

The Manhattan Project began the race to produce atomic weaponsSlide20

What were some other Advances in Technology & Science?

Space Technology

grew

Wanted to stop the

V-2

rocket used by

Germany

(Long

range

missiles

that are launched into space)Slide21

Communication and Information TechnologyRadar was first used to help defend against air attacks on Great Britain.It was used on Oahu, and radar did pick up the incoming Japanese force but they thought they were American planes – we learned from this mistake!Later it was used to spot German submarines from the air and direct anti-aircraft guns.Slide22

New Products DevelopedMaking synthetics such as nylon or plastic for military supplies

A woman shows off a new uniform designed to protect female factory

workers–

including a special bra made entirely from plastic.

Synthetic rubber used to make glovesSlide23

MedicinePenicillin began to be widely used to treat infections and other diseases.DDT was developed, which killed insects that carried malaria and typhus.Slide24

Communication and Information TechnologyComputer techniques were used in breaking codes.Semiconductors were developed and used in navigation systems and later became a key part of computers.

An Enigma Machine -

used

to encode secret German

messagesSlide25

Distribution of U.S. IndustryBefore WWII, much of the industry in the U.S. was located in the Northwest and Midwest.With the increased need for defense industries, manufacturing facilities were built in the South and West.

B-24s being built during World War II in a Fort Worth

factorySlide26

Use of ResourcesNearly all luxury or domestic manufacturing ceased during the war, and industries switched to defense manufacturing. Automobile plants shifted to making military vehicles (few new cars)Scarce goods such as meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline were rationed.Slide27

Use of ResourcesLabor and transportation shortages made it hard to harvest and move fruits and vegetables to marketThe government encouraged people to plant “Victory Gardens.”20,000 Americans planted gardens in backyards, empty lots and even city rooftops.Slide28
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Essential Questions:Which technologies had the greatest impact on the war? Explain the impacts