Animallike organisms EJERCICIO 6 88107 EDITION 14 TH 77102 EDITION 15 TH httpwwwmicroscopyucommoviegallerypondscum Goals for today Learn to use the microscope Learn to recognized the various protozoan phyla ID: 375340
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LABORATORIO: PROTOZOANSAnimal-like organisms
EJERCICIO 688-107 (EDITION 14TH)77-102 (EDITION 15TH)
http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum
/
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Goals for todayLearn to use the microscopeLearn to recognized the various protozoan phyla.Learn their main ‘diagnostic
’ characteristicsLearn about their biology and their ecological, economic, and medical importanceSlide3
PROTOZOAProtozoa is a polyphyletic assemblage of animal-like organisms. This mean that many organisms grouped under Protozoa actually evolved independently, from different ancestors.
Hickmann et al. 2011Slide4
PROTOZOA: What they shareProtozoan organisms have two animal like characteristics:Absence of a cell wallPresence of at least one motile stage in the life cycle
DominiosReinos
Archaea
(
arqueobacterias)
Bacteria (
eubacterias
)
Eukarya
(
organismos
celulares
)
Protista
(
algas
,
protozoos
,
mohos
)
Fungi (
hongos
)
Plantae
(
plantas
)
Animalia
(
animales
)Slide5
PROTOZOA: What they don’t haveThey don’
t have organs or tissues BUT have division of labor within the cytoplasmVarious organelles within the cytoplasm function as skeletons, locomotory systems, sensory systems, conduction, defense, etc.Slide6
PROTOZOA: Where can you find them?Protozoan organisms are found in a variety of habitats:Free livingFresh, marine, and brackish water
Moist soilsParasitesSymbiotic relationshipsSlide7
PROTOZOA: why are they important?Although protozoa are frequently overlooked, they are ecologically very important:As predators of algae, bacteria, and microfungi, Herbivores
DecomposersParasites of great medical and economical importanceSlide8
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6A: Phylum: Amoebozoa (naked amebas)
Species: Amoeba proteusSlide9
PROTOZOA: Amoeba proteusTake a slide from your assigned box
Look at the Ameba and try to identify the nucleus and pseudopodia, contractile and food vacuoles.We don’t have any parasitic Ameba but learn about this species: Entomoeba gingivalis, where do you think it lives?Do the report AMEBASlide10
PROTOZOA: AmebasAmebas can be naked or enclosed in shells:
Ameoba proteus is a naked ameba that lives in freshwater.Usually found in the underside of water plants.Feed on algae, bacteria, protozoans, rotifers, and other microorganisms.
They are granulated in appearanceSlide11
PROTOZOA: AmebasAmebas body:
The outer cell membrane= plasmalemmaThe plasmalemma encloses the cytoplasm: ectoplasm & endoplasm.
Amebas Feeding habits:
Phagocytosis
: engulfing the food
Note the food vacoules.Lysosomes help digestionSlide12
PROTOZOA: Amebas
Amebas locomotion:Amebas move and change body shape by thrusting out pseudopodia.Pseudopodia are extensions of the cell body.
VIDEO
OF AMEBA
MOVING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA
Slide13
PROTOZOA: AmebasAmebas excretion:
Any undigested product is eliminated at any point of along the plasmalemma.Amebas osmoregulation:Contractile vacuole: increases in size and then ruptures to the outside.
This organelle rids the ameba of the excess water taken from food or osmosis.
Amebas nucleus:
Nucleus is disc shaped and finely granulated.Slide14
PROTOZOA: AmebasAmebas reproduction:
Asexually by binary fissionAnimation: http://
www.classzone.com/books/hs/ca/sc/bio_07/animated_biology/bio_ch05_0149_ab_fission.html Slide15
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6A: other Amebas
Phylum: ForaminiferaMarine shelled amebasSecrete a skeleton of 1 or more chambersSkeleton: Calcareous or silica, sand or sponge spiculesLong delicate pseudopodia
When died are fall to the bottom of the ocean forming enormous limestone depositsSlide16
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6A: other Amebas
Phylum: RadiolariaMarine shelled amebasSecrete a transparent skeleton of silicaSlender pseudopodia come through the shell by poresSlide17
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6B:
Phylum: EuglenozoaSpecies: Euglena gracilis (or viridis)Slide18
PROTOZOA: EuglenaTake a slide from your assigned box
Look at the Euglena and try to identify the nucleus contractile and stigma.Do the report EuglenaSlide19
PROTOZOA: Euglena
Euglena body: Euglena gracilis is greenish because of chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll.Body is covered by a pellicle secreted by the ectoplasmThe stigma or ‘
eyespot’ is a reddish pigment that is light sensitive
Euglena
habitat
Common in still pools and ponds
Euglena
locomotion
Whiplike flagellum that maybe you can see with reduced lightSlide20
PROTOZOA: EuglenaEuglena
movement: Euglena gracilis is greenish because of chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll.Euglena
habitat
Common in still pools and ponds
Euglena
locomotion
Whiplike flagellum that maybe you can see with reduced light
Watch their movement on live individuals
VIDEO
OF EUGLENA
MOVING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSbxtD8MUZ8&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7nEWUjk3A
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PROTOZOA: Your TaskExercise 6B:
Phylum: EuglenozoaSpecies: TrypanosomaSlide22
PROTOZOA: Trypanosoma
Your instructor will try to find Trypanosoma. So be patient.What diseases are related to this protozoan?
Do report on
Trypanosoma
INSERT VIDEO:
MONSTER INSIDE OF ME: Death by Tsetse Fly
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aVUrGO97Zg
Slide23
PROTOZOA: Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma : Parasite that lives in blood or tissues of vertebrates. Some species are not parasites
Trypanosoma
Feeding:
Osmotrophic= absorbs nutrients directly from surrounding blood or body fluids
Trypanosoma
diseases
Sleeping sickness
(
T. brucei gambiense, T.b. rhodesiense, T. b. brucei
).
Chagas disease
(T. cruzei). Darwin was believed to have had Chagas disease in his trip to Chile.
Africa: Tsetse
Central and South America
“
kissing bug
”Slide24
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6C:
Phylum: ApicomplexaSpecies: PlasmodiumSlide25
PROTOZOA: Plasmodium
Your instructor will try to find Plasmodium in the slide. So be patient.What diseases are related to this protozoan?
INSERT VIDEO:
Monsters Inside Me: Malaria
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwsoK8O0lXE
Slide26
PROTOZOA: PlasmodiumPlasmodium
: Causes malaria300 million people gets malaria every year.3 million people die every year.
Two hosts:Anopheles
mosquito (female)HumanSlide27
PROTOZOA: ApicomplexaPlasmodium cycle
:Slide28
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6D: Phylum: Ciliophora
Species: ParameciumVIDEO OF PARAMECIUMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284 Slide29
PROTOZOA: Paramecium
Look at your Paramecium slideLook at live ParameciumYour instructor will show you a slide of
Paramecium trychocystsSlide30
PROTOZOA: ParameciumParamecium
: Ciliado that inhabits fresh water environments.Paramecium movement:Very active and fast!
Movement by ciliary action
Paramecium Body :
Mouth=cystostomeBody cover by a pellicle
Two nucleus: macro & micro nucleus
VIDEO
OF PARAMECIUM
MOVING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pCcfGiaB0
Slide31
PROTOZOA: ParameciumParamecium
osmorregulation:Contractile vacuole.Located at the end of the bodyParamecium nucleus:
Macronucleus: regulates metabolism of the cellMicronucleus
: contains the animal genome and is in charge of reproduction.
Paramecium Trychocysts:
Is a structure under the pellicle that when explodes releases a liquid that hardens in water.Believed to have a protective function.
When a paramecium feels threatened,
trychocysts
shoot out from the cell membrane like miniature arrows
Discharged trychocystsSlide32
PROTOZOA: Paramecium
Paramecium feeding:Holozoic= feed on particucles e.g., bacteriaThe anal pore (cytoproct) is located between the mouth and the posterior end of the body.The anal pore is temporary only when food is discharged.
Video of Paramecium feeding on
Yeast that has been stain in red
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY
Watch the formation of food vacuolesSlide33
PROTOZOA: ParameciumParamecium
reproduction:ConjugationBinary fission
Conjugation: oral grooves are attachedSlide34
PROTOZOA: Your TasksExercise 6D: Phylum: Ciliophora
Species: Stentor, VorticellaVIDEO OF STENTORhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqD3m9hHhlo
VIDEO
OF VORTICELLA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHb2JaujIPo Slide35
PROTOZOA: VorticellaSolitary
Sessile ciliatesPonds and streamsStalk= is long structure that attach it to the substrate.Body is bell shapePeristoma
contains the oral disc.Macronucleus is U shape
Reproduction is by
binaary fission and buddingSlide36
PROTOZOA: Stentor
Large ciliateLive in lakes and streams, only one species is marine, and a few terrestrials, some are symbiotic with algaeLarge macronucleus that stretch out like a string of beads.Heterotrophic: is an organism
that cannot fix carbon
and uses organic
carbon for growth Slide37
Important Linkshttp://www.savalli.us/BIO385/Diversity/01.Protozoa.html
http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/index.html http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/PROTOZOA.html