Chapter 13 Section 4 The English Monarchy AngloSaxon England Alfred the Great King of Sussex in southern England Vikings invaded conquered several small kingdoms Never conquered all of England ID: 491515
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Slide1
The Growth of Monarchies
Chapter 13 Section 4Slide2
The English Monarchy
Anglo-Saxon England:
Alfred the Great:
King of Sussex in southern EnglandVikings invaded, conquered several small kingdomsNever conquered all of England878, drove the Danish Vikings forces north of London, Danelaw, territory under Viking controlSlide3
The Norman Conquest
1066, king had no heir to the throne
Two men claimed crown:
Harold, Anglo-Saxon noblemanWilliam, duke of Normandy in France, distant relative of the kingHarold, named new kingWilliam angrily decides to take control by forceBattle of Hastings, 1066Becomes King William I, aka William the Conqueror Slide4
The Norman Conquest
William very strong king:
Claimed all land in England personal property
Divided kingdom into fiefsDomesday Book:Survey of:who lived whereHow much money they hadHow much taxes they could pay Used to create central tax system in England
French culture in England Slide5
The English in France
William’s descendants inherit his role as duke of Normandy
Henry II, William’s great-grandson takes over, becomes part of English rule
Henry married Eleanor of Aquitaine, a powerful French duchess, ruled all of England, ½ of FranceSlide6
Magna Carta
1200:
Nobles worried about power of English king
King John, 1215Lost French holdings, tried to raise taxes on nobles, resisted by taking up armsNobles resist, force signing of Magna Carta: Nobles rightsLimit of the king’s power
One of most important documents in history to the formation of modern democracySlide7
Parliament
Rebellion against king’s constant request to raise taxes
Meeting of king, nobles, clergy, middle class leads to the development of
Parliament, governing body that still makes England’s laws today Edward I, first king to use role of ParliamentHelped strengthen England’s central government & reformed its laws
Maintained power of king, kept Parliament in secondary role Slide8
Other European Monarchies
France
:
Not much territory Mid 900s, noble family rises to power, the CapetiansHugh Capet, extended power of monarchy in France1300, Capetians ruled almost all of modern France Slide9
Other European Monarchies
Holy Roman Empire:
Otto the Great, 936
Duke of Saxony, becomes king of the Germans Emperor of the Romans, 962Territories under him become known as Holy Roman Empire Kingdom not inherited, had to be elected Slide10
Other European Monarchies
Spain and Portugal:
Two countries today share Iberian Peninsula
Ruled by Muslims in 700s, called Moors by the ChristiansCivil war breaks out, Christians take advantage of weaknessReconquista: reconquest of Iberian Peninsula by the Christians
Moors not completely driven out until 1492
Rulers of Aragon and Castile united in marriage, unifying Spain and Iberian Peninsula
Modern Spain originated in the late 1400s
Conflict between Christians and Muslims will continue