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The Rise of Civilization The Rise of Civilization

The Rise of Civilization - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Rise of Civilization - PPT Presentation

Chapter 1 Prehistory 2300 BC Lesson 1 Early Humans Lesson 2 The Neolithic Revolution Lesson 3 Mesopotamia Bellringer Question What do archaeology and anthropology and history ID: 149625

homo 000 sapiens early 000 homo early sapiens artifacts humans food years animals human age people developed question paleolithic africa archaeologists hominid

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Slide1

The Rise of CivilizationChapter 1Prehistory – 2300 B.C.

Lesson 1: Early HumansLesson 2: The Neolithic RevolutionLesson 3: MesopotamiaSlide2

Bellringer QuestionWhat do archaeology

and anthropology, and history teach us about prehistoric humans?Slide3

ArchaeologyArchaeology is the study of past societies through analysis of what people left behind

. Archaeologists dig up and examine artifacts.Artifacts: objects made by humans.

Can you think of examples of artifacts?

Tools, weapons, art, buildings, etc. Slide4

What might these artifacts reveal about the humans who made them?Slide5

Archaeologists at WorkSlide6

AnthropologyAnthropology is the study of human life and

culture.Culture includes what people wear, how they organize their society, and what they value.Anthropologists use artifacts and human fossils to create a picture of people’s everyday lives.

Fossils are rocklike remains of organisms Slide7

Methods

Archaeologists and anthropologists have developed scientific methods in their work They

excavate

sites, or carefully dig up land, to uncover

fossil

remains of early humans, burial grounds, and other objects.

By

examining

artifacts, these scientists learn many important things about an ancient society. Slide8

Dating Artifacts and FossilsOne of the most difficult jobs for these scientists is

dating their finds. One method used to determine age is carbon dating. All living things absorb a small amount of radioactive carbon, or C-14, from the atmosphere.

After a living thing dies, it loses carbon. By measuring the amount

left

in an object, scientists can figure out its age.

Works for objects no more than about 50,000 years old. Slide9
Slide10
Slide11

ThermoluminescenceFor objects dating back to 200,000 years ago, scientists can make precise measurements by using thermoluminescence

.The measures of light given off by electrons trapped in the soil surrounding fossils and artifacts.

Chlorophane

exhibiting thermoluminescence when heated.

Chlorophane

Slide12

Bellringer

Make a list of three historical artifacts that provide clues about how humans lived in the past. Describe what these clues are. Artifacts can be from any period in history

You will share your list with the class. Slide13

HistoryLike archaeologists and anthropologists,

historians also study how people lived in the past. Historians study artifacts, but rely even more on written evidence. About 5,000 years ago, people in different parts of the world began to keep

written records

.

That even marked the beginning of recorded history. Slide14

The First Humans

Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.

- Louis Leakey, British

paleoanthropologistSlide15

Hominids to Homo SapiensWhat is a Hominid?

A hominid is a humanlike creature that walked upright. Slide16

Stage 1 (4,000,000 BC)The earliest hominid, the

Australopithecus lived in Africa 4 million years ago. Opposable thumbSmall body and brain size. Slide17

AustralopithecusSlide18

Early Hominid Discoveries in AfricaSlide19

Stage 2(2,500,000 – 1,600,000 BC)A more advanced hominid developed with a somewhat larger brain.

Homo Habilis, “man of skills” or “handy human”Created and used stone toolsLived in caves

Remained in AfricaSlide20

Stage 3(1,500,000-250,000 BC)

Homo Erectus, or “upright human”Had arms and legs in modern human

proportion

.

First hominid to use

fire

.

Probably the first hominid to

leave AfricaSlide21

Discovery of FireSlide22

Stage 4(250,000-30,000 BC)

Homo Sapiens “Wise human”Showed rapid brain growth and mastered fire.

Spread out of

A

frica and to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago

Replaced populations of other early hominids in Europe and Asia called

Neanderthals

. Slide23

Stage 5(30,000 B.C. to present)

Homo Sapiens Sapiens or “wise wise human”

The spread of these early humans was a slow process.

Over many thousands of years, Homo Sapiens

Sapiens

spread over the globe as they

searched for food

.

In a whole generation, they may have moved only two or three miles.

Over tens of thousands of years, this was enough to

populate the world

. Slide24
Slide25

Bering Land BridgeSlide26

Homework Review – Page 8

Question 1: Apply the “out of Africa” theory to explain the connection between early hominids such as Neanderthals and Homo sapiens sapiens.

Answer

: The “out-of-Africa” theory says that Homo sapiens

sapiens

probably spread out of Africa to other parts of the world. Homo sapiens

sapiens

replaced populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia. Slide27

Question 2

:

Use your notes and other ideas to describe early humans and their lives during the Paleolithic Age.

Answer

:

During the Paleolithic

Age, early humans used simple stone tools and lived a nomadic life based on hunting and gathering. They lived in small groups.Slide28

Question 3

:

How do we define and learn about prehistory?

Answer

:

Prehistory is the time before writing was developed. To learn about

this time, archaeologists examine artifacts and human fossils. These objects help reveal information about early societies. Slide29

Question 4

:

How did hominids develop?

Answer

:

Hominids

developed from Australopithecus, found in eastern and southern Africa. From these “southern apes,” other hominids developed: homo

habilis

, and homo erectus. Slide30

BellringerYou will be creating a

timeline in your notebook.Label your timeline “Evolution of Early Hominids”

Include

earliest

dates for the following:

1. Australopithecus

2. Homo

Habilis

3. Homo Erectus

4. Homo

Sapien

5. Homo

Sapien

Sapien

6. Discovery of fire

7. Migration out of AfricaSlide31

The Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age – 2,500,000 BC – 10,000 BCAlso known as the “

Old Stone Age”.Early humans were survived through the use of simple stone tools. Over the years, Paleolithic hunters developed better tools.

Bow and arrow, fishhooks, harpoons, made hunting easier. Slide32

NomadsFor hundreds of thousands of years, humans relied on hunting and gathering for daily food. People were

nomadic – moved from place to place to survive. Travelled in small groups of 20 to 30 people. Followed animal migration and vegetation cycles. Slide33

The Ice AgesMost recent Ice Age began around 100,000 BC. and ended about 8,000 BC.

During this time, thick sheets of ice covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. Sea levels went down and people migrated across land bridges that had not existed before. Having fire as a source of heat was important in Ice Age conditions. Slide34

Paleolithic ArtPaleolithic peoples did more than just surviveCave paintings of large animals were found at

Lascaux in France and in Altamira in Spain.Reveals cultural activity of Paleolithic peoples.Slide35

Chauvet Cave

The Chauvet cave discovered in France in 1994 contained more than 300 paintings of lions, oxen, owls, panthers, and other animals. Through carbon dating, archaeologists date the Chauvet cave art at about 32,000 years old. Slide36

Purpose?Most of these were animals they did not hunt, which indicates they were painted for religious or decorative purposes. Slide37

Lesson 2The Neolithic Revolution

8,000 B.C. – 4,000 B.CSlide38

Agricultural RevolutionObjective: How did developments in the

Neolithic period impact early human history? Slide39

Agricultural RevolutionSome historians believe this revolution was the single most important development in human history.

Neolithic Revolution: shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the

keeping

of animals and

growing

of food.

Systematic Agriculture:

keeping of animals and growing of food on a regular basis. Slide40

Shift away from Nomadic LifeAgriculture requires nomadic peoples to live in

permanent settlements.Populations begin to rise in areas where plant and animal domestication occurred.

When the

first plow

is invented, crop production increases rapidly

by 4000 BC. World population grows from 5-8 million to 60-70 million. Slide41

Surplus Definition: More than what is needed or required.

With the agricultural revolution, food surplus came as a result. What were some of the effects of food surplus?

People didn’t have to worry about finding food all the time

People had food stored for winter season

Increased leisure time

Freedom to pursue other interestsSlide42

Use of AnimalsDomestication of animals: adapting animals for human useReliable source of meat, milk, wool

Could be used to do workSlide43

Farming VillagesGrowing crops regularly gave rise to permanent settlements, called Neolithic farming villages

.Appeared in Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica. Oldest villages were in Middle EastTurn to MAP Pg 10Slide44

First

Villages Develop

Jericho

Modern

Israel

First settled:

8000BCE

Catalhuyuk

Modern Turkey

First settled:

7000BCESlide45

Between 8,000 BC and 5,000 BC, agriculture developed in various parts of the world.

What do you notice about the core areas?

Middle East India

Meso

/South America

China

Southeast

Asia

11,000 BCE 7,000 BCE

6,000

BCE

6,000

BCE 5,000 BCESlide46

Advantages & Costs of Agriculture

Advantages

Costs

Steady food supplies

Surplus

Greater populations

Leads to

organized societies

capable of supporting job specialization (soldiers, weavers, scribes, etc.)

Heavily dependant on certain food crops (failure = starvation)

Disease from close contact with animals, humans, & waste

Can’

t easily leave sitesSlide47

Effects of FarmingSlide48

Discussion Question 1

Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?Slide49

Discussion Question 2

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?Slide50

Why is the

"Neolithic Revolution"

a turning point

in human history??

Discussion Question 3Slide51

What is the

next step in the

development of

human settlements??Slide52

CIVILIZATIONS !!

CITIES !Slide53

What are the

characteristics

of a civilization??Slide54

Advanced

Cities

CIVILIZATION

Government

Social Structure

Art

Religion

WritingSlide55

6 Features of Civilization

Advanced cities-

large populations that rely on farming and TRADESlide56

2. Government – organization and regulation of human activity, providing for smooth interactions between individuals and groups.Slide57

3. Religion – developed to explain forces of nature and their role in the world. Rituals grew, and were aimed at pleasing the gods.Slide58

4. Social Structure – Rulers, priests, government officials, and warriors dominated society. Below were farmers, artisans, craftspeople, and at the bottom were slaves. based on economic power. Slide59

5. Writing – upper classes used writing to keep records as well as for creative expression. Produced world

’s first works of literature. Slide60

6. Art/Architecture – Architects built temples and pyramids as places for worship and burial of kings. Painters and sculptors portrayed stories of nature and depicted gods and rulers they worshipped. Slide61

Which aspects of Civilization do these images depict?