Unit 2 Behavior of Gases Notes Individual Brainstorm Describe what you already know about how gasses behave Think about How do they move What effects their movement What is a gas Purpose We are going to investigate how gases behave and what factors affect their behavior ID: 766040
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Unit 2- Behavior of Gases Notes
Individual Brainstorm Describe what you already know about how gasses behave. Think about: How do they move? What effects their movement? What is a gas? …
Purpose We are going to investigate how gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. By the end of this unit you will be able to explain the following scenario: The interior of the tank car was washed out & cleaned with steam. Then all the outlet valves were shut and the tank car was sealed. All the workers went home for the evening and when they returned, this is what they found that the tank car crushed…
Before
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz95_VvTxZM After
What is happening? Brainstorming Session: with your shoulder partnerHOW/WHY did the Tanker Crush? ? Before During After Represent this at the Particle Level
Initial Group Models With your lab table share your ideas about how/why the tanker imploded and Come up with a group model of what happened to the tanker. Make sure you include drawings of the particles to show what happened inside/outside of the tanker. ? Before During After
Group Presentations Initial models
Closure Where Are We Going?
End of Day
Bellwork Take a walk (g et up ) and look at your classmates initial models for why the tanker is crushing. Write 3 new ideas you have about why the tanker imploded? And 2 ideas you want explained more? Gallery Walk
Presentations Let’s look at our initial models from yesterday.
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : What is pressure?
Discussion Demos “Sucking” Straw Blowing A Student Up Under Pressure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU1PsQNInV0
Shoulder Partner Talk a) Force is a push or pull b) Force is the capacity to do work or cause physical change c) Force = Mass times acceleration (F = ma) d) A force is that which changes or tends to change the state of rest or motion of a body. If pressure is a force, what type of force might it be?
End of day
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Yesterday : What is pressure?
Discussion Demos “Sucking” Straw Blowing A Student Up Under Pressure (what type of force) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU1PsQNInV0
Shoulder Partner Talk a) Force is a push or pull b) Force is the capacity to do work or cause physical change c) Force = Mass times acceleration (F = ma) d) A force is that which changes or tends to change the state of rest or motion of a body. If pressure is a force, what type of force might it be?
Drawing WHowY … How can we represent pressure in our models?
Vacuum---- Sucking Force Key Concept 1: Pressure is caused by the pushing of particles on an object.
Pressure Key Concept 2: Pressure is a measurement of the force (number of pushes) per unit of area. 1atm = 760 mmHg = 14.7 psi = 101.3 kPa
Yesterday : What is pressure? Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : Soda Can Lab
Soda Can Lab—Part 1 Goal : Gather information about how gasses behave and what factors affect their behavior
Soda Can Lab— Procedures 1. Fill the plastic container up with ice water so the soda can will be submerged at least half way up the can. 2. Fill the dry soda can up with 15 mL of water. 3. Using the tongs, place the soda can on the hot plate then turn the hot plate on. 4. Wait until the water inside starts boiling (you will see steam, and hear bubbling). 5. Let the water boil for a minute. 6. Using the tongs, CAREFULLY pick up the pop can and place it in the ice water. Make sure the opening of the can has been placed in the ice water ‘head first’ 7. Turn off the hot plate. 8. Leave the can sitting in the ice water while answering the following questions
What variables can we investigate to see what effected the amount the can crushed?
Today : Soda Can Lab Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.
End of Day
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : Soda Can Lab Discussion Part 2- Soda Can Lab
Soda Can Lab—Part 2 Testing Different Variables Goal: Determine what factors affect the crushing of the can . Each lab table will be responsible for testing one variable
Soda Can Lab—Part 2 Part 1- Control 15 mL of water in can 12 oz can Boiled for 1 min Completely inverted Ice bath Testing Different Variables
Explain Everything Project Directions : You will be working with your Lab Table to test one assigned variable determined after Part 1. Your group will need to complete three trials with your variable and determine the relationship present (if any). Your group will create a video presentation using the Explain Everything app on the iPad
https:// www.teachertube.com/video/explain-everything-video-395612
Take a picture and a very short (3 sec video) https :// www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMttsHd0M8M
Closure B ased on your variable, what materials do you need to bring (if any) to be ready on Monday?
Today : Part 2- Soda Can Lab Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.
End of Day
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : Part 2- Soda Can Lab
Soda Can Lab—Part 2 Size of can Temp of “Ice Bath” Soda can heating time (first determine the control heating time) Amount of water in Soda Can Material Open vs. Close System **Opposite/ Cooling Time Testing Different Variables
Closure 9/21- Exit Pass- You have 55 min of class time to finish your project. How can you use your time efficiently to get everything finished? PLEASE TURN IN POP CAN LAB PART 1. 9/22- Exit Pass- Are you done? If not, who reasonability is it to complete the project.
Today : Part 2- Soda Can Lab Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : Presentations
Explain Everything Presentations- Pop Can Challenge 2 Key Concept 4: Class Results Poster
Pressure REVIEW: Key Concept 1: Pressure is caused by the pushing of particles on an object. Key Concept 3 : Units of pressure can be measured in atmospheres (atm) millimeters of mercury (mmHg), pounds per square inch (psi) , or kilopascals (kpal).
Atmospheric Pressure Key Concept 4:Atmospheric (Air) pressure is the pressure (PUSHES) exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere (AIR PARTICLES). Air pressure is measured by a barometer. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkDhlzA-lwI
Open your binders to your Nature of Science Handout The nature of science refers to key principles and ideas which provide a description of science as a way of knowing, how it progress, as well as characteristics of scientific knowledge. Throughout this chemistry course, we will create and refine a working summary of the nature of science. As we are introduced to historical discoveries and practice authentic science in our classroom, we will develop an understanding of how science works. Nature of Science
Temperature Key Concept 6: Temperature is a measure of the motion of the particles in an object . Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion.
Vacuum and Gravity Key Concept 7 : A Vacuum is a space where no particles or matter exist. Key Concept 8 : Gravity is the force of attraction by which terrestrial bodies tend to fall toward the earth.
Practice Problems Planning Ahead- Prove it Quiz for Unit 2 will be on
Today : Presentations Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.
End of the Day
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : Model Revision/ w rubrics
Closure Exit Pass- How do you feel about your new models based on the rubric? What information do you still need to score a perfect score?
End of the Day
Big Idea: H ow gases behave and what factors affect their behavior. Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Today : Define Mathematical Relationships
Pressure Rotation Lab Temperature vs Volume Station A: Ballon Flask Station B: Balloon in Dry Ice Pressure vs Volume Station C: Marshmallow & A Bell Jar Station D: Reversible Balloon Pressure vs Temperature Class Demo: Egg in a Flask From Yesterday… Shoulder Partner Question: 1. Look at your dependent and independent variables and graphs. Did you get the same relationships? 2. On a Post-It write what is “bigger” a theory or scientific law.
Where are we Going? Defining Mathematical Relationships Pressure Temperature Volume # of Particles
Temperature vs Volume Key Concept 9 : What has to be held constant? 1 2 3 Temperature Volume
Pressure vs Volume What has to be held constant? 1 2 3 Key Concept 1 0 : Pressure Volume
Pressure vs Number of Particles Key Concept 1 1 : What has to be held constant? 1 2 3 # of Particles (n) Pressure
Pressure vs Temperature Key Concept 1 2 : What has to be held constant? 1 2 3 Temperature Pressure o C
Absolute Zero
Absolute Zero
Practice A. If I have a gas and I increase its temperature, what will happen to its pressure? B. If I have a gas at a certain volume and I decrease the pressure what happens to the volume? Yes= Increase No= Decrease C. If I take the same gas from the previous question and I increase the temperature, what will happen to the pressure?
Gas Law Relationships Mathematical Relationships Pressure Pressure Pressure Volume # of Particles (n) Volume Temperature Temperature
Absolute Temperature Key Concept 1 3 : When solving gas law problems the Kelvin scale must be used for all temperatures. I need to convert all units of temperature to degrees Kelvin. Practice: Convert 43 o C to degrees Kelvin.
Page 333
Boyle’s Law 1627-1691
Nature of Science How did Boyle’s Law end up in your chemistry textbook? How does something become a law in science? Key Concept 1 4 : A scientific law is a description of an observed phenomena that is supported by a large body of empirical data and has been tested many times. (usually expressed mathematically)
Today : Define Mathematical Relationships Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.
Boyle’s Law Key Concept 15 : Boyle’s law states that, at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional (negative relationship) to the pressure. As pressure decreases, the volume will increase. 1627-1691 P V P V
Pressure Volume Boyle’s Law
Charles’s Law 1747- 1823 Key Concept 16 : Charles’ law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a given quantity of a gas varies directly (positive relationship) with the temperature. temperature in Kelvin As the temperature increases, the volume will also increase. V T V T
Charles’ Law Volume Temperature
Law of Gay-Lussac Key Concept 17 : The law of Gay-Lussac states that at a constant volume, the pressure exerted by a given mass of gas varies directly (positive relationship) with the absolute temperature. As the temperature increases, the pressure will also increase. (directly proportional) 1778- 1850 P T P T
Law of Gay-Lussac Pressure Temperature
Key Concept 18 : Theory In science, a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inference, and tested hypotheses . https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory
Key Concept 19 : Kinetic Molecular Theory The molecules in a gas occupy no volume ( that is , they are points ) These molecules are in constant, continuos , random, straight-line motion The molecules collide with one another, but the collisions are perfectly elastic (they result in no net loss of energy) The pressure of a gas is the result of collisions between the gas molecules and the walls of the container The temperature of a gas depends on its average kinetic energy
MUST BE KNOWN Boyles Law KC10, 15 V . P. (Negative) You’re a little negative and Boyle with jealousy if you’re the V.P. Charles Law KC 9, 16 T. V. (Positive) Charlie Chapil was a positive TV character. Guy- Lussac Law KC 12, 17 T .P. (Positive) When you on the lu and run out of T.P. You can be positive and use a paper sacc .
Practice B. If I have a gas at a certain volume and I decrease the pressure what happens to the volume? P T V n Initial Final Effect B. If I have a gas at a volume of 25 mL and 1 atm, and I decrease the pressure to 0.72 atm what happens to the volume? PP 2B
Practice A balloon filled with CO 2 travels from Flag to Phoenix. The balloon has an initial pressure of 0.74 atm, a temperature at 25 o C, and volume equal to 2L. What is the temperature in Phoenix if the balloon volume decreases to 1.5L and the pressure increases to 1.2 atm? P T V n Initial Final Effect
Today : Practice Mathematical Relationships Question: WH ow Y did the tanker crush? Big Idea: How gases behave and what factors affect their behavior.