Overview What is an Immigrant Why Immigrate Immigration Eras and Legislation Examples Open Door Door Ajar Pet Door Revolving Door Effects of Immigration Since 1965 Immigration Debate Immigration Graphs and Charts ID: 630306
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Slide1
United States
Immigration HistorySlide2
Overview
What is an Immigrant?
Why Immigrate?
Immigration Eras and Legislation Examples
Open Door
Door Ajar
Pet Door
Revolving Door
Effects of Immigration Since 1965
Immigration Debate
Immigration Graphs and ChartsSlide3
What is an Immigrant?
Immigrant
- a person who comes to permanently live in a foreign country
Except for Native Americans, everyone who lives in America can trace their roots back to an ancestor that was once an immigrantSlide4
People decide to immigrate for many reasons, but all reasons can be boiled down to 2 main factors:
Why Immigrate?Slide5
Who are United States Immigrants?
C
ome from all over the world
L
aws have changed about who and how many can enter
D
ivided into categories based on time periods and the restrictiveness of immigration laws:
Open
-Door
Door-Ajar
Pet-Door
Revolving DoorSlide6
1. Open Door: Founding -1880
Immigration easy and encouraged
Most immigrants come from Northwest Europe
Ex. England, Ireland, Scotland
U
nwilling immigrants coming from Africa
Start creating immigration and citizenship rules, but because they’re not strict fear and anxiety occurs in many native born Americans Slide7
1. Open Door Legislation: Founding -1880
1790 Naturalization Act
- must live in US for 2 years to become citizen
1813
Five-Year Residency Act
- 5 years to become citizen
1819
- start documenting immigrants as they enter US, beginning of official immigration records
1868 14
th
Amendment
- citizenship if born in USSlide8
Immigration 1840-1860Slide9
2. Door- Ajar: 1880-1920
Coming from South, Central and Eastern Europe
Ex. Germany, Italy, Poland
Rise in segregation and discrimination because new immigrants have very different cultures from US citizens and early immigrants
Laws passed to restrict who could enter the USSlide10
2. Door- Ajar Legislation: 1880-1920
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
- first law aimed at controlling immigration of a particular nationality
1885
Foran
Act
- makes it illegal to pay for others to immigrate to US (can’t help family left behind immigrate)
1892 Ellis Island
- official registration center opened to control and keep track of immigrationSlide11
Immigration to the US, 1870-1920Slide12
3. Pet Door: 1920-1965
Start seriously restricting who can and cannot enter the US
Quota System
- specific number of immigrants allowed to enter from a given country
Results of System
sharp
decrease in immigration
Shift back to more desired Northwest European
immigrantsSlide13
3. Pet Door Legislation: 1920-1965
1924 Immigration Act
- establishes quota system to keep undesired immigrants out
1924 Oriental Exclusion Act
- keeps Asian immigrants out
1924 Labor Appropriations Act
- creates US Border Patrol to fight illegal immigration
1942 Executive Order 9066
- relocates all Japanese- Americans to internment campsSlide14
European Immigration to the US, 1881-1940Slide15
4. Revolving Door: 1965-Present
Got rid of quota system
Allowed following groups to enter US:
Refugees
People with family living in US
People with US employment
People with skills that can contribute to America
60
%
immigration increase mostly from Asian and Hispanic countries Slide16
4. Revolving Door Legislation: 1965-Present
1965 Immigration Act
- ends quota system
1966 Cuban Adjustment Act
- allows Cubans to apply for residency
1980 Refugee Act
- allows refugees fleeing home country because of race, religion, nationality or political persecution to enter US
1990 Immigration Act
- increase number of immigrants allowed into US per year to record highSlide17
Effects of Immigration Act of 1965
Gets rid of quota system, immigration focuses on reuniting families and attracting skilled labor to US
Decrease in European immigration and increase in Asian and Hispanic Immigration
Immigration increased, but more people want to enter US than are legally allowedSlide18
World Immigration to US, 1960-2009Slide19
Great Immigration Debate
Many arguments about positives and negatives of immigration.
These arguments include ideas about:
Assimilation
- becoming part of US culture
Economy
- effects on jobs, wages, taxes
Bilingualism- multiple languages in USMulticulturalism
- multiple cultures in US
National Security
- is it safe to let immigrants into US? Slide20
Immigrants by Region During 50-Year Periods, 1820-2010Slide21
Total Immigrants by RegionSlide22
Latin American, Asia Immigrants Make up Most of Post-1965 Immigration