1 Afferent 1 a brain area critical to learning to recognize threatening situations 2 amygdala 2 toward the nose 3 anterior 3 One of three meninges that surround and protect the spinal cord and the brain ID: 1048524
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1. A___ nerves carry sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system.1
2. Afferent1
3. a brain area critical to learning to recognize threatening situations2
4. amygdala2
5. toward the nose3
6. anterior 3
7. One of three meninges that surround and protect the spinal cord and the braina___ mater4
8. arachnoid mater4
9. star-shaped glial cell that provides nutrients and other support to nearby neurons.5
10. astrocyte 5
11. the division of the nervous system that controls the arousal state of internal organs6
12. autonomic nervous system6
13. a thread-like extension that leaves the cell body and carries an electrical signal to the terminal7
14. axon 7
15. a brain area important in motor function Diseases of the b___ ____ can lead to various movement disorders.8
16. basal ganglia8
17. a signal used in fMRI brain imaging Brain areas that undergo increases or decreases in neuronal activity show corresponding increases or decreases in the B___ signal9
18. BOLD (blood oxygenation level-dependent) 9
19. a division of the brain located just atop the spinal cord It contains the medulla, pons, cerebellum, and midbrain.10
20. brainstem10
21. toward the back of the head11
22. caudal 11
23. the roundish “factory” of the neuron that contains the cell’s nucleus and organelles12
24. cell body12
25. a canal running through the spinal cord13
26. central canal13
27. the division of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord.14
28. 14central nervous system
29. the groove that separates the frontal from the parietal lobe15
30. central sulcus 15
31. a region of the brainstem critical for bodily balance, and for smooth and accurate limb movements16
32. cerebellum16
33. a fluid-filled channel that connects the third and fourth ventricles17
34. cerebral aqueduct17
35. the thin outer-most layer of the brain that is responsible for the complex cognitive processes that define the human species18
36. cerebral cortex18
37. a mouse that contains some human cells19
38. a chimeric mouse19
39. a group of cells, located within each of the four ventricles, which produce cerebrospinal fluid20
40. choroid plexus20
41. opposite side21
42. contralateral21
43. a slice that divides the brain into front and back regions22
44. coronal brain slice22
45. a bundle of neurons that connect the two hemispheres23
46. corpus callosum23
47. nerves that communicate directly between the brain and the periphery of the body, bypassing the spinal cord24
48. cranial nerves24
49. branch-like extensions that receive input from other neurons 25
50. dendrites25
51. a division of the brain that lies just above the brainstem Its key structures are the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland and pituitary gland.26
52. diencephalon 26
53. toward the top (of the brain)27
54. dorsal27
55. one of three meninges that surround and protect the spinal cord and the brain(D___ mater)28
56. dura mater28
57. nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the periphery(e___ nerves) 29
58. efferent29
59. the portion of the brain above the brainstemThe cerebral cortex is its outer layer.30
60. forebrain30
61. one of the four ventricles of the brain(f___ ventricle)31
62. fourth ventricle31
63. a slice that divides the brain into front and back regions32
64. frontal brain slice 32
65. the lobe of the cortex most important for movement of the body33
66. frontal lobe33
67. an immature cell that develops to become a certain type of glial cell, such as an astrocyte34
68. glial progenitor cell (GPC)34
69. tissue made up mostly of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons of neurons35
70. gray matter35
71. the hills/bumps that contribute to the crumpled look of the cortex36
72. gyri (singular, gyrus)36
73. a key brain structure for storing and recalling memories of personal experiences37
74. hippocampus37
75. a slice that divides the brain into top and bottom regions38
76. horizontal brain slice 38
77. a small brain area that regulates motivated behaviors including sex, eating, thirst, sleep, and body temperature 39
78. hypothalamus 39
79. a small midbrain region important for orienting and attending to auditory events40
80. inferior colliculus40
81. away from the midline of the brain; toward the ear41
82. lateral 41
83. the groove that lies just above the temporal lobe42
84. lateral sulcus 42
85. two of the four ventricles of the brain; one on the left and one on the right side of the brain43
86. lateral ventricles43
87. a collection of brain structures significantly involved in emotion and memory44
88. limbic system44
89. a deep canyon that runs along the midline from the front to the back of the forebrain It separates the brain into its left and right hemispheres45
90. longitudinal fissure45
91. toward the midline of the brain46
92. medial46
93. the portion of the brainstem that sits just atop the spinal cord, it governs essential physiological processes such as respiration, sleep, and regulation of blood pressure and heart rate47
94. medulla47
95. tiny glia, as their name suggests. When neurons die or suffer damage, these glial cells remove the debris left behind.48
96. microglia48
97. a region of the brainstem, just above the pons, which contains dopamine neurons49
98. midbrain49
99. the whitish tissue that surrounds and insulates axons to speed information transfer across the axon50
100. myelin50
101. the birth of new neurons51
102. neurogenesis51
103. a chemical released from the axon terminal, which crosses a synapse, and binds to receptors52
104. neurotransmitter52
105. the lobe of the cerebral cortex dedicated to vision53
106. occipital lobe53
107. a glial cell that provides myelin to neurons of the brain and spinal cord54
108. oligodendrocyte54
109. division of the autonomic nervous system that restores the resting state of organs and stores energy55
110. parasympathetic nervous system55
111. clusters of parasympathetic nerves that originate close to the organs that they target56
112. parasympathetic ganglia56
113. the lobe of the cerebral cortex dedicated principally to touch sensation57
114. parietal lobe57
115. the division of the nervous system that communicates with the periphery of the body58
116. peripheral nervous system (PNS)58
117. one of three meninges that surrounds and protects the spinal cord and brain(p--- mater)59
118. pia mater59
119. a tiny gland within the diencephalon that plays a role in sleep regulation60
120. pineal gland60
121. Situated just below the hypothalamus, the ____ is considered the ‘master’ gland. It releases hormones that influence other glands, including those involved in stress and sexual behavior.61
122. pituitary gland61
123. the brain’s ability to undergo structural and functional change62
124. plasticity62
125. The ____ is a brainstem region with a swollen shape. Like the medulla, it contains neurons that are important in sleep, arousal, respiration and heart rate.63
126. pons63
127. toward the back of the head64
128. posterior64
129. the most anterior portion of the frontal lobe, the ____ is important in cognitive functions including attention and working memory65
130. prefrontal cortex65
131. toward the nose66
132. rostral66
133. a slice that divides the left from the right side of the brain67
134. sagittal brain slice67
135. glial cells that provide myelin to neurons of the peripheral nervous system68
136. Schwann cells68
137. division of the peripheral nervous system comprised of sensory nerves that carry information to the central nervous system, and) motor nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles69
138. somatic nervous system69
139. a small area of the midbrain containing a cluster of dopamine neurons that play a role in movement70
140. substantia nigra70
141. the grooves/valleys that contribute to the crumpled look of the cortex71
142. sulci (singular, sulcus)71
143. a small midbrain region important or orienting and attending to visual events72
144. superior colliculus72
145. the division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for emergency situations 73
146. sympathetic nervous system73
147. clusters of sympathetic nerves that originate just outside the spinal cord74
148. sympathetic ganglia74
149. a tiny gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and receiving areas (receptors) of another neuron75
150. synaptic cleft75
151. the lobe of the cerebral cortex that is critical for hearing76
152. temporal lobe76
153. the ending of an axon, where neurotransmitter is released into a synapse77
154. terminal (axon terminal)77
155. a brain area that acts as a relay to send information to and from the cerebral cortex78
156. thalamus78
157. one of the four ventricles of the brain(t___ ventricle)79
158. third ventricle79
159. toward the bottom (of the brain)80
160. ventral80
161. a small region of the midbrain containing a cluster of dopamine neurons involved in reinforcement and addiction81
162. ventral tegmental area (VTA)81
163. the brain’s four fluid-filled chambers, which contain cerebrospinal fluid82
164. ventricles 82
165. tissue of the nervous system with a whitish appearance due to the white color of myelinated axons83
166. white matter83