Ap literature End of Term One Review - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Ap literature

End of Term One ReviewSlide2

Vocabulary Exam

Remember: DEFINITIONS ONLY

Figure out how to use the word in the sentence!!

Step one: Identify their part of speech (noun, adjective, or verb). This can help you figure out which word you’ll need in the sentence.

Example: The concert was held in an outdoor amphitheater, causing the sounds to _____________________ throughout the canyon.

What type of word do you need?

A verb! Slide3

Vocabulary Exam

Remember: DEFINITIONS ONLY

Figure out how to use the word in the sentence!!

Step one: Identify their part of speech (noun, adjective, or verb). This can help you figure out which word you’ll need in the sentence.

Example: The concert was held in an outdoor amphitheater, causing the sounds

to

reverberate

throughout the canyon.

What type of word do you need?

A

verb

! Slide4

Vocabulary Exam

You should also keep track of

adjectives

.

Adjectives describe nouns.

Nouns

= Person, place, thing, idea

Not all adjectives can be used to describe all types of nouns.

Ghosts are often depicted in literature as wearing ______________ clothing that makes them seem all the more ethereal.Slide5

Vocabulary Exam

You should also keep track of

adjectives

.

Adjectives describe nouns.

Nouns

= Person, place, thing, idea

Not all adjectives can be used to describe all types of nouns.

Ghosts are often depicted in literature as wearing

gossamer

clothing

that makes them seem all the more ethereal.

Gossamer

 thing (particularly fabric)Slide6

THHGTTG

Short AnswersSlide7

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How is the electronic book 

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

 more useful to a galactic hitchhiker than the great 

Encyclopedia

Galactica

 as described in the Prologue?

It is slightly cheaper and has the words “Don’t Panic” on the cover.

It also includes more useful/fun information about getting around the universe.

On the other hand, the

Encyclopedia

Galactica

has been around for a long time and is more thorough and accurate in its explanations while

The Hitchhiker’s Guide

contains much that is

apocryphal

. Slide8

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In Chapter 1 how do the influences of Mr. L. Prosser's ancestry conflict with his character?

Mr. Prosser is timid and rather afraid of conflict. He is anxious of what his peers will think of him and is easily confused into lying in the mud in place of Arthur.

This conflicts with his ancestral heritage—that of Genghis Khan—which is much more fearsome and brave.Slide9

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In what ways does Douglas Adams effectively satirize bureaucracy in Chapter 1?

Bureaucracy

:

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected

representative

Adams uses Mr. Prosser first to satirize bureaucracy. When Arthur questions him, he argues that they have to build a bypass because they have to and that Arthur will like it. This isn’t logical.

Adams also portrays the idea of “red tape” with the reference to the plans which have been available for the last nine months in the planning office…located in a locked file cabinet in an unlit basement at the bottom of some broken stairs. “Beware of the Leopard” marked the unused bathroom where the file cabinet was located.Slide10

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In the end of Chapter 2 when Ford Prefect attempts to reveal his true identity, what conclusion can be drawn from Arthur Dent's reaction?

“What if I told you I'm

not form Guildford after all, but from a small planet somewhere in the vicinity of

Betelgeuse?"

"

Why, do you think it's the sort of thing you're likely to say?" 

Arthur is struggling with his day, convinced this mess is all temporary and encompasses only his troubles. He therefore pays no mind to Ford’s question, believing it to be just another weird part of his Thursday.Slide11

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

What does the possession of a towel indicate about Ford Prefect in Chapter 3

?

Ford's

possession of a towel shows that he is a "

hoopy

frood

"—an experienced hitchhiker who is "really amazingly together" and a man to be reckoned with

.

In other words, he knows what is going on and how to be prepared, even if it seems absurd to an outsider like Arthur and the reader.Slide12

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In Chapter 3 what question is raised by the barman's end-of-the-world intuition before he calls for last orders of drinks?

He asks if he should put a bag over his head to help deal with the end of the world. Ford tells him he can if he thinks it’ll help, but admits that it won’t.Slide13

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In Chapter 3 how does the destruction of Arthur Dent's house parallel the destruction of Earth?

Just as Arthur was unaware of the plans to build a bypass, thus replacing his house and destroying everything important to him, so, too, is the entire planet. Those doing the destroying are thoughtless and unsympathetic to those about to be destroyed. Despite the fact that the place has meaning to the people closest to it, this has no effect on the universe overall.

Oh no, sounds like

existentialism

….Slide14

Absurdism

Brief ReviewSlide15

When humans come face to face with the ultimate question—what is the meaning of life?—we are unable to find an answer.

This search creates a

paradox

.

Paradox

: a situation, person, or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities.

Ex: “I can resist anything but temptation.” – Oscar Wilde

This does not mean that the meaning of life is illogical, just that it is impossible for us, as humans, to comprehend its meaning.

Thus, this effort to try to find meaning is

absurd

.

Absurdism: A definitionSlide16

Albert Camus

(1913-1960): He’s best known today as a French philosopher responsible for developing his idea of the absurd.

Soren Kierkegaard

(1813-1855): Philosopher considered to be the first

existentialist

philosopher. His works were originally written in Danish and were not translated until the early 1900s. By the mid-1900s his influence on philosophy was widespread.

Existentialism

:

He proposed that each individual—not society or religion—is solely responsible for giving meaning to life and living it passionately and sincerely, or "authentically”.

Absurdism: The PhilosophersSlide17

Albert Camus

argued that, once aware of the absurd, the only logical outcome is

suicide

.

But he didn’t like this idea much and said that it actually only contributes more to the Absurd.

Another solution is

religion

, where another reality exists outside of the reach of the Absurd and has meaning.

“Philosophical suicide,” according to Camus.

Acceptance

of the Absurd and continuing to live in spite of it was Camus’ preferred solution.

Absurdism: A solutionSlide18

Absurdism

Several things eroded a sense of confidence in the future of the world at this time:

The destruction of belief in automatic social & biological progress

decline of religious faith

discovery of vast areas of irrational and unconscious forces within the human mind

loss of a sense of control over human development  in an age of totalitarianism

weapons of mass destruction and mass persuasionSlide19

Function of Absurdist Literature

The 

Literature of the absurd

 attempts to depict

an incongruous

caricature of our world;

a world without faith, meaning, direction or freedom of will

. 

One key aspect of absurdism is the idea of

alienation

and isolation.

Can you see evidence today of how humans have isolated themselves from the earth and each other? Slide20

Function of Absurdist Literature

The

meaningless and fecklessness (loss of a sense of direction and purpose) of life is depicted as rambling

and often

chaotic structure

of the story

.

Nothing

is sequential

and

nothing follows from that which went before

. Slide21

Function of Absurdist Literature

There

seems little rhyme or reason for many decisions that are made- they are whimsical and illogical

.

We often call

this “

bureaucratic red tape

” when applied to government and corporations.

The

Literature of the Absurd

shows the world as an incomprehensible place. 

Distortions occur both in time and place that perplex us

. Slide22

Back to THHGTTG

Don’t PanicSlide23

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How does Douglas Adams satirize politics in Chapter 4?

Through the use of

Zaphod

Beeblebrox

,

Adams is mocking a system of government that operates on deception, setting up a powerless figurehead to fool the people being governed.Slide24

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In Chapter 5 what does Ford find very human about Arthur Dent's comment, "It's dark," as Arthur regains consciousness aboard the

Vogon

spaceship?

Ford thinks humans have a tendency to state the very obvious. He attempted to figure out why, but came to no satisfactory conclusion. He only worried about humans from then on out.Slide25

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In Chapter 5 how does the presence of the

Dentrassis

on the

Vogon

ship advance the plot?

The

Dentrassis

like to annoy the

Vogons

and therefore picked up Ford and Arthur as hitchhikers and then reported them to the

Vogons

. They are now one step closer to The Heart of Gold and the true conflict of the story.Slide26

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How does the Babel fish function as a creative plot device in Chapter 6?

In Chapter 6 what absurdity does

Adams point

out in the application of logic to religion?

The Babel fish allows those with it in their ear to understand any language. This allows for Arthur to move about the universe with fewer struggles as lack of communication would have hindered everything.

Adams uses the Babel fish to prove that God can’t exist because you need faith to believe in God, but the Babel fish proves without a doubt that God exists (therefore there’s no need for faith) and poof! God disappears in a “puff of logic.”Slide27

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

What is Douglas Adams's view of poetry, as expressed in Chapter 7?

All in all, Adams seems to believe that the best fate for bad poetry is what happened to the writings of Paula Nancy Millstone Jennings of

Greenbridge

, Essex, England: They were destroyed along with Earth

.

He mainly mocks the arrogant and self-absorbed type of poetry that people frequently write. He uses hyperbole to convey this point by suggesting one would need to be strapped into Poetry Appreciation Chairs in order to even survive

bad poetry.Slide28

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

In Chapter 8 how is a flashback used to foreshadow future events?

Party time! The flashback takes us to the party where Arthur met

Zaphod

/Phil and Trillian.

The

telephone number for the

apartment in

Islington, where the party took place,

coincidentally

matches the odds of Ford Prefect and Arthur surviving, unprotected, in space. 

Not

only does the flashback foreshadow future events, but it also sets up amazing

coincidences

that point to a larger, more meaningful pattern of events.Slide29

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How does the description of space relate to the improbability of Ford Prefect and Arthur Dent's rescue in Chapter 8?

Space is big. Really big. The Guide struggles to put into words just how big space is, emphasizing just how big of a coincidence it would have to be for Ford and Arthur to be rescued.Slide30

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How are Shakespeare's play 

Hamlet

 and the 

Heart of Gold

's Infinite Improbability Drive related in Chapter 9?

When used, the Infinite Improbability Drive produces an array of random effects.

Among

them is the appearance of an infinite number of monkeys interested in discussing the script for 

Hamlet

 with Arthur

.

As

unlikely as it seems, the 

Heart of Gold

's Infinite Improbability Drive has succeeded in proving a theory first suggested in 1913. This theory proposed that

an infinite number of monkeys typing at random on an infinite number of typewriters will eventually produce the complete works of

Shakespeare.Slide31

Hamlet: Soliloquies

Real QuickSlide32

Soliloquies 1-3

I.ii.133-164 (page 29-31)

Hamlet is

suicidal-

ly

depressed by his father’s death and mother’s remarriage. He is disillusioned with life, love and

women

I.v.99-116 (page 61-63)

Having heard the Ghost’s testimony, Hamlet becomes distressed and impassioned. He is horrified by the

behavior

of Claudius and Gertrude and is convinced he must avenge his father’s murder.

II.ii.576-634 (page 127-129)

Hamlet’s mood shifts from self-loathing to a determination to subdue passion and follow reason, applying this to the testing of the Ghost and his uncle with the play. The first part of the speech mirrors the style of the First Player describing Pyrrhus, with its short phrasing, incomplete lines, melodramatic diction and irregular

meter.

http://modbhamlet.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/4/7/29479151/hamlet_sevensoliloquies.pdfSlide33

Soliloquies

4 & 5

III.i.64-98 (page 127-129)

The

speech uses the general ‘we’ and ‘us’, and makes no reference to Hamlet’s personal situation or dilemma. Although traditionally played as a soliloquy,

technically it is not

, as Ophelia appears to be overtly present (and in some productions Hamlet addresses the speech directly to her) and Claudius and Polonius are within

earshot

.

III.ii.419-432 (page 161)

Now Hamlet feels ready to proceed against the guilty Claudius. He is using the stereotypical avenger language and tone. The emphasis at the end, however, is on avoiding violence and showing concern for his own and his mother’s souls; his great fear is of being ‘unnatural’, behaving as a monster like Claudius.

http://modbhamlet.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/4/7/29479151/hamlet_sevensoliloquies.pdfSlide34

Soliloquies

6 & 7

III.iii.77-101 (page 167-169)

Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius while he is praying, claiming that this would send him to heaven, which would not be a fitting punishment for a man who killed his father unprepared for death and sent him to purgatory. For Hamlet revenge must involve justice

.

King:

My words fly up, my thoughts remain below; / Words without thoughts never to heaven go.

IV.iv.34-69 (page 203-205)

Hamlet questions why he has delayed, and the nature of man and

honour

. He resolves again to do the bloody deed. Once again, he is not really alone; he has told Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to move away but they are still on stage, following their orders to watch him.

http://modbhamlet.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/4/7/29479151/hamlet_sevensoliloquies.pdfSlide35

Back to THHGTTG

Jumping AheadSlide36

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How is Earth's destruction by the

Vogons

an example of situational irony?

Situational irony

occurs when there is a clash between expectation and reality.

In

Chapter 3, the

Vogon

Constructor Fleet demolishes Earth to make way for a

hyperspatial

express route through its star system.

In

Chapter 24,

Slartibartfast

tells Arthur Dent that if Earth's destruction had come five minutes later, it wouldn't have mattered

so

much

.

The expectation was that its ten-million-year-long computer program would discover the Ultimate Question to fit the Ultimate Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything. Contrary to expectations, it was destroyed by the

Vogons

five minutes before completing the purpose for which it was built.Slide37

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

What are three characteristics that help Arthur Dent cope with events in 

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

?

A

 sense of humor, occasional quick-thinking, and the ability to adjust are characteristics that help Arthur Dent cope with events as he hitchhikes the galaxy.Slide38

Literature Exam: Hitchhiker’s Guide

How does Arthur Dent demonstrate the ability to be a man capable of action in the story?

For most of the story, Arthur Dent is a passive victim of circumstances, pulled along on an adventure he neither wants nor understands. He does his best to cope. On two occasions, however, he reveals a surprising knack for quick thinking and

action:

When strapped to the Poetry Appreciation Chairs

When the ship is about to crash and he suggests turning on the Improbability Drive