PPT-Chapter 8 Addition Reactions and Alkenes

Organic Chemistry Third Edition David Klein Copyright 2017 John Wiley amp Sons Inc All rights reserved Klein Organic Chemistry 3e 8 1 Introduction to Addition Reactions Addition is the opposite of elimination. 1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons : alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical And Their Halogen Derivatives. IUG, Fall 2012. Dr . Tarek. . Zaida. Alkenes and Alkynes. 1. . Alkenes. are compounds containing carbon –carbon double bonds. The simplest . alkene. , . ethene. , is a plant hormone.. Addition to Alkenes. Addition of H-X to the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond:. Markovnikov’s. Rule. In its original form, . Markovnikov’s. rule states that, during the addition of HX to a C=C, the hydrogen atom goes to the side of the . Preparation of alkenes. Preparation of alkenes continued. Dehydration of alcohols. The H and OH are removed from adjacent carbons.. E.g. ethanol may be heated with . sulphuric. acid to create . ethene. Hydrocarbons . Essential idea. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry.. Learning outcomes . Understand:. Alkanes. have low reactivity and undergo free-radical substitution reactions.. Addition Reactions. Addition is the opposite of elimination.. Here are some of the many addition reactions that will be considered.. Addition . Reactions. Addition of Halogens. to Alkenes. +. . X. 2. 11-1. Alkenes are characterized by the presence of a double bond.. The general formula of an alkene is C. n. H. 2n. , the same as for a cycloalkane.. Common nomenclature for alkenes replaces the corresponding alkane suffix –ane with -ylene. . 11-2. The double bond consists of sigma and pi components.. Ethene is planar. It contains two trigonal carbon atoms having bond angles close to 120. o. . . The hybridization of the carbon atoms is best described as sp. 12-1. Because the C-C .  bond is relatively weak, alkene chemistry is dominated by its reactions.. The addition of a reagent, A-B, to give a saturated compound is the most common transformation of an alkene.. Alkenes. The commercial . process. of . hydrogenation is . used. to . convert the double . bonds. in . vegetable oils to . saturated. fats . such as those in margarine. . Learning . Goal . . Draw the condensed or line-angle structural formulas and give the names for the organic products of addition reactions of alkenes. Draw a condensed structural formula for a section of a polymer.. Newehy. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University. http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alkynes. - . Alkynes. are . ydrocarbons. . that contain a . carbon–carbon . Islamic University in . Madinah. Department of Chemistry. Prepared By. Dr. Khalid Ahmad Shadid. Chemistry department – Islamic university in . madinah. . 1. cracking. Crude oil is separated into its different components by a process called . Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon. :. . contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. alkene. :. . contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has the general formula C. n. Announcements I. Mastering . Ch. . . 20 . assignment . (Organic Chemistry) due 12/10. After that (and the hand grading problem), I will assign class points (probably some bonus to reflect some bad homework problems).