PPT-Chapter 8 Addition Reactions and Alkenes

Organic Chemistry Third Edition David Klein Copyright 2017 John Wiley amp Sons Inc All rights reserved Klein Organic Chemistry 3e 8 1 Introduction to Addition Reactions Addition is the opposite of elimination. The relative stabilities of related alkenes can be determined by measuring their heats of combustion.. The thermodynamic stability of the butenes increases in the order: 1-butene < cis-2-butene < trans-2-butene.. Preparation of alkenes. Preparation of alkenes continued. Dehydration of alcohols. The H and OH are removed from adjacent carbons.. E.g. ethanol may be heated with . sulphuric. acid to create . ethene. Physical Properties of Alkanes. Non polar compounds. Insoluble in water. Less dense than water and so will float on top of the water. Dissolve in organic solvents . . (. eg. dry cleaning fluid) and in each other (. Hydrocarbons . Essential idea. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry.. Learning outcomes . Understand:. Alkanes. have low reactivity and undergo free-radical substitution reactions.. Addition Reactions. Addition is the opposite of elimination.. Here are some of the many addition reactions that will be considered.. Addition . Reactions. Addition of Halogens. to Alkenes. +. . X. 2. of Alkenes: Addition Reactions. Disparlure: sex attractant of the female gypsy moth.. (A type of . pheromone.. ). 2. I. Hydrogenation of Alkenes. Addition. Reactions. oleic acid. (unsaturated). stearic acid. 12-1. Because the C-C .  bond is relatively weak, alkene chemistry is dominated by its reactions.. The addition of a reagent, A-B, to give a saturated compound is the most common transformation of an alkene.. and alkyne . Reactions, continued. Dr. Clower. CHEM 2411. Spring 2014. McMurry. (8. th. ed.) sections 7.7-7.8, 7.10-7.11, 10.3-10.4, 8.2-8.8, 8.10, 8.12, 9.3-9.8, 7.1, 8.1, 9.2, 9.9 . Reactions of Alkynes. Alkenes. The commercial . process. of . hydrogenation is . used. to . convert the double . bonds. in . vegetable oils to . saturated. fats . such as those in margarine. . Learning . Goal . . Draw the condensed or line-angle structural formulas and give the names for the organic products of addition reactions of alkenes. Draw a condensed structural formula for a section of a polymer.. . H—. O. H. C. C. +. O. H. C. C. H. Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes. reaction is acid catalyzed; typical hydration medium is 50% H. 2. SO. 4. -50% H. 2. O. Follows Markovnikov's Rule. H. ydrohalogenation. Newehy. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University. http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alkynes. - . Alkynes. are . ydrocarbons. . that contain a . carbon–carbon . Division of Material. Alkenes and Alkynes are very versatile molecules in Organic Chemistry. As a result, there is a lot of information we need for them. . To make it manageable, the information is divided into two chapters.. Alkenes. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter . two discusses the following topics and the student by the end of this chapter will:. . Know the structure, hybridization and bonding of alkenes . . Announcements I. Mastering . Ch. . . 20 . assignment . (Organic Chemistry) due 12/10. After that (and the hand grading problem), I will assign class points (probably some bonus to reflect some bad homework problems).