of the body BODY FLUID BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS Water is by far the major component of the fluids in the body Water accounts for about 60 of normal body weight Total body water TBW ID: 591624
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Slide1
Chemical composition
of the bodySlide2
BODY FLUID
BODY- FLUID COMPARTMENTS
Water is by far the major component of the fluids in the body. Water accounts for about 60% of normal body weightSlide3
Total body water (TBW)
Volume = 42 L
60% body weight
EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID (ECF)
(Internal Environment)
Volume =14 L
1/3 TBW
PLASMA
VOLUME = 3 L
20% OF ECF
INTERSTITAL
FLUID
VOLUME = 11 L
80% OF ECF
INTRACELLULAR
FLUID
VOLUME= 28 L
2/3 TBWSlide4
The body fluids are enclosed in compartments.
1.
Extracellular fluid exists in two location
a. Intercellular fluid (interstitial fluid)
Approximately 80% of the extracellular fluid surrounds all the body's cells
exept
the blood cells. It lies
between`cells
.
b. Plasma
It is the fluid protein of the blood, in which the various blood cells are suspended . 20% of extracellular fluid is plasma.Slide5
2.
Intracellular fluid
All the fluid inside a cell – in other words,
cytosol
plus the fluid inside all the organelles, including the nucleus.Slide6
Two-thirds of the body water is intracellular.
There is continuous exchanges between plasma and interstitial fluid, concentrations of dissolved substances are virtually identical in the two fluids, except for protein concentration. With this major exception – higher protein concentration in plasma than in interstitial fluid – the entire extracellular fluid may be considered to have a homogeneous composition.Slide7
In contrast, the composition of the extracellular fluid is very different from that in the intracellular fluid, the fluid inside the cells. The differing composition of the compartments reflect the activities of the barriers separating them. The fluid in the body are enclosed in compartments
The volumes of the body – fluid compartments are summarized in figure in terms of water.Slide8
Atoms
The units of matter that form all chemical substances are called atoms . the smallest atom, is hydrogen . Each type of atom - carbon , oxygen , hydrogen , and so on – is called chemical element. A one – or two - letter symbol is used as a shorthand identification for each element. Although slightly more than 100 elements exist in the universe , only 24 are known to be essential for the structure and function of the human body.Slide9
Essential elements in the body
element
symblo
Major elements: 99.3% of total atoms
Hydrogen
H(63%)
Oxygen
O(26%)
Carbon
C(9%)
Nitrogen
N(1%)
Mineral elements: 0.7% of total atoms
Calcium
Ca
Phosphorus
P
Potassium
K (Latin
kalium
)
Sulfur
S
Sodium
Na
Chlorine
Cl
magnesium
MgSlide10
Trace elements : less than 0.01% of total atoms
Iron
Fe (
latin
ferrum
)
Iodine
I
Copper
Cu (
latin
cuproum)
Zinc
Z
Manganese
Mn
Cobalt
Co
Chromium
Cr
Selenium
Se
Molybdenum
Mo
Fluorine
F
Tin
Sn
Silicon
Si
vanadium
vSlide11
Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles :
Positive protons and neutral neutrons , both located in the nucleus , and negative electrons revolving around the nucleus .
The
atomic number
the number is the number of protons in an atom, and because atoms electrically neutral , it is also equal to the number of electrons .Slide12
The
atomic weight
of an atom is the ratio of the atom's mass relative to that of a carbon – 12 atom . for example a hydrogen atom has an atomic weight of 1 indicating that it has one – twelfth the mass of a carbon atom.
molecules
are formed by linking atoms together. The molecular weight of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weight of all its atoms. When an atom gains or loses one or more electrons, it acquires a net electric charge and becomes an
ion
.Slide13
Substances dissolved in a liquid are
solutes
, and the liquid in which they are dissolved is the solvent. Water is the most abundant solvent in the body.
Substances that release a hydrogen ion in solution are called
acids
.Slide14
Those that accept a hydrogen ion are
bases
. The acidity of a solution is determined by its free hydrogen – ion concentration, the greater the hydrogen – ion concentration, the greater the acidity.Slide15
The PH of solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen – ion concentration. As the acidity of a solution increases, the PH decreases.
Acid solutions have a PH less than 7.0 whereas alkaline solutions have a PH greater than 7.0.Slide16
Carbohydrates
are composed of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen in the proportion
Cn
(H2O)n . Carbohydrates are soluble in water. The most abundant monosaccharide in the body is glucose (C6H12O6) , which is stored in cells in the form of polysaccharide glycogen.Slide17
Lipids are insoluble in water. They could be:
Triacylglycerol
, Phospholipids , or Steroids.
Proteins, macromolecules composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen , are polymers of different amino acids.