Respiratory Infections Most common Caused by virus or bacteria Avoid contact with people who are infected Wash hands Keep hands away from eyes and nose Avoid smoking Common Cold Viral Inflammation of mucous membranes in nose and throat ID: 739560
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Slide1
Common Communicable DiseasesSlide2
Respiratory Infections
Most common
Caused by virus or bacteria
Avoid contact with people who are infected
Wash hands
Keep hands away from eyes and nose
Avoid smokingSlide3
Common Cold
Viral
Inflammation of mucous membranes in nose and throat
Symptoms
Runny nose
Sneezing
Sore throat
No cure
Only treatment for symptoms
Most colds clear up in a weak- “run its course”Slide4
Influenza
Viral infection of respiratory tract
Symptoms
High fever
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle ache
Cough
An antiviral drug can be given for the flu only if given with onset of symptoms Slide5
Proper nutrition
Plenty of rest!!
Plenty of fluids
Flu vaccine annually
Flu can lead to pneumonia
An infection in the lungs in which the air sacs (alveoli) fills with pus and other liquidsSlide6Slide7
Pneumonia
One of the Top 10 causes of death in the US
Viral Pneumonia is short lived- similar to flu
Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics if diagnosed earlySlide8
Strep Throat
Bacterial infection
Symptoms
Sore throat
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes in neck
If untreated can lead to kidney infection and rheumatic fever (cause heart damage)
Antibiotics can treat it
Throat culture is taken to identify bacteriaSlide9
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bacterial disease in lungs
Spread through air
People with weakened immune system developed the disease when the bacteria is present other do not
Symptoms
Fatigue
Coughing (blood)
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
Treated with antibiotics but can be resistant to someSlide10
Hepatitis
Inflammation of liver
Caused by chemical (drugs and alcohol) or many pathogens
Vaccines for
Hep
. A and BSlide11
Symptoms
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
fatigue,
abdominal pain
Jaundice- a yellowing of the skin and eyes
Most recover 100%Slide12
Hepatitis A
One of the top ten communicable diseases in the US
Most commonly spread through contact with infected person’s feces
If an infected person doesn’t not wash hand after using the restroom they can contaminate objects, food or peopleSlide13
Hepatitis B (HBV)
More serious virus
Found in bodily floods
Most often transmitted through sexual contact
Also by sharing needles
Often causes severe liver damage
Liver failure, cancer, and cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
Heb B responsible for 80% of liver cancerSlide14
Reduce risk by abstaining from sexual contact and illegal drug use, avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors
Contaminated tattoo and piercing needles can spread the disease
Vaccine is recommendedSlide15
Hepatitis C
Most common blood-borne infection in US
Most commonly spread by needles
Can lead to chronic lever disease, Liver
cancer
or Liver failure
90% of people do not know they have this until routine test show liver damage
Avoid illegal drug use and sharing tooth brush and razorSlide16
Mononucleosis
Viral infection
Spread through direct contact, “kissing disease”
Symptoms
Chills, fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes
Treatment- restSlide17
Measles
Virus
Symptoms
High fever, red eyes, runny nose, cough, bumpy read rash on head or face
No cure but vaccine availableSlide18
Encephalitis
Virus carried by mosquitoes
Causes inflammation of brain
Symptoms- headache, fever, hallucinations, Confusion, paralysis, problems with speech, memory, behavior and eye movement
If caused by herpes simplex virus
treated with
antiviral medicine
If caused by other virus no treatmentSlide19
Meningitis
Virus or bacteria cause inflammation of the membrane that covers brain
Symptoms- fever, sever headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, stiff neck
Viral: antiviral medicine
Bacterial: antibiotics
Vaccine is availableSlide20
Emerging Infections
A communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
Transport across borders
Humans and animals car pathogens to new region where disease was not present before
Dengue fever, west Nile, carried by mosquitoesSlide21
Population movement
Increase in Lyme disease as people have moved into heavily wooded areas
Resistance to antibiotics
Over use of antibiotics resulted in pathogens becoming resistant
Changes in food technology
Mass production and distribution of food increases risk of spreading contaminated foodSlide22
Agents of bioterrorism
Releasing pathogens
Could
spread rapidly