COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM THROUGH ANTICORRUPTION IN EASTERN AFRICA Mohamed Jaafar East Africa CSO Roundtable On Fasttracking UNCAC Implementation Addis Ababa Ethiopia 12 th April 2019 Project Objectives and Outcomes ID: 764305
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COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM THROUGH ANTI-CORRUPTION IN EASTERN AFRICA. Mohamed JaafarEast Africa CSO RoundtableOn Fast-tracking UNCAC ImplementationAddis Ababa, Ethiopia12th April, 2019
Project Objectives and Outcomes Objective: To pilot the impact of countering police corruption on radicalization and acts of violent extremism in the communityOutcomes 1: Increase capacity for internal anti-corruption oversight in Kenya’s National Police Service and the Tanzania Police ForceOutcome 2: Empower communities to report on police corruption in an effective manner and address acts of violent extremismOutcome 3: Promote collaborative working relations between community, police, and the media at a local level
Scope of pilot project Assessment undertaken identified 6 policing communities Kenya - Nairobi (Pangani and Shauri moyo) - Mombasa (Likoni and Changamwe)Zanzibar (Ng’ambo and Mwera)Validation of Project done in June 2017Field Implementation commenced in August 2017Project housed at Internal Affairs Unit (Kenya) and Zanzibar Police CommissionLocal Community Advisors and partners identification
ASSUMPTION Reducing Police Corruption Building public confidence Cooperation with community and media Countering violent extremism more effectively If police leadership, management, officers, and staff are committed, willing and actively fighting institutional corruption, then public confidence and trust will increase If public confidence and trust in the police increases, then the community and the media are likely to cooperate in countering radicalization into violent extremism If the police, community and media understand their roles, responsibilities and obligations, then they will be more effective in countering corruption and violent extremism
Corruption in Kenya and Tanzania Laws and institutions in place- H/W Whistleblower needs more legislative supportCorruption and economic crimes are partners in crimeMedia and CSO exposure of corruption and the ‘drivers of radicalization for decades- Traditional Role of CSO’s https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001318406/ngo-blames-police-force-after-naked-bodies-were-found-decomposing-in-parkhttps://idpc.net/media/press-releases/2016/08/over-300-ngos-call-on-the-united-nations-to-take-immediate-action-on-the-hundreds-of-extrajudicial-killings-of-suspected-drug-offenders-in-the-philippinesStill, impunity persists despite CSO’s major roles- Watchdog ( Accountability including Inter’l Obligations), Awareness Creation, proposing alternatives ETC
Corruption and VE Low confidence in institutions → no reportingTransparency International – Corruption Perception Index 2018: N/B the average score is just 43.Kenya: 144 Rwanda: 48 Burundi: 170 Ethiopia: 114Tanzania: 99 Djibouti: 124 Uganda: 149 S.S: 178Evidence from TI suggest countries lowest on the index often in conflict. This gives good grounds for prospective VEUN SG Plan of Action on preventing VE suggests countries that fail to control corruption witness greater number of incidents linked to VE
Terrorism Patterns and Trends: Global Perspectives- (Institute for Economics and Peace- Since 2000) v Factors Considered in the rankingTotal number of terrorist incidents in a given year Total number of fatalities caused by terrorism in a given year Total number of injuries caused by terrorism in a given year The approximate level of total property damage from terrorist incidents in a given year
Link between Corruption and VE/ Terrorism Corruption may be a cause and consequence of govt deficit and therefore sustain conditions that may fuel VEState institutions weakened by ingrained and deep-seated corruption are not only less effective in fighting terrorism but are vulnerable to exploitation by terrorist groups,Corruption and poor governance hamper countries’ ability to fight terrorism (Corruption in the police, military, judiciary e.t.c)Corruption facilitates international terror attacks (Immigration, customs, judiciary e.t.c)Corruption helps cross-border terrorist financing (Charcoal and wildlife). Corruption and terrorist financing share methods to hide money ( Money Laundering)
The Link Between Corruption and Radicalization Into Violent Extremism Primary recruiting pool for violent extremist groups using corruption narratives:Rural, less educated- H/W Devolution changed the dynamics of information sharing- Opp for CSO’sUrban, educated, disgruntled with bad governancePolitical ‘dissidents’ and the corruption narrative of sitting regimes. ( Bible and Quran Verses)GAP FOR Kenyan CSO: Research on effect of devolution
The Link Between Corruption and Radicalization Into Violent Extremism Part Of the SOLUTION(re)build trust between communities and officials through the strengthening of an inclusive and rights-based governance system and public space
MEDIA POLICE COMMUNITY TRUST STRENGTHEN TRUST
ACFE’s 2010 Global Fraud Study Most schemes are detected by tipsEmployees are most common source of tipsExistence of hotlines increase number of tipsCorruption schemes were most commonly reported in mining, oil and gas, and construction industries www.acfe.com
Some activities Implemented Under the ProjectBaseline Survey to determine Police- Community Trust in Kenya and Tanzania (Zanzibar) Development and operationalization of an Anonymous Reporting System (ARIS) for IAU and capacity/ material Support (Joint with TI Kenya), Toll Free Number for ZAECASupporting Working Committees In six Policing Communities in Kenya and Tanzania (Zanzibar)- Refurbishment and cleaning exercisesContinuous Dialogue Sessions- Media, Community, Police and independent bodiesJoint Police and Community Public forums to publicize the Baseline findings and ARISUse of Local Radio Programmes in the Six Policing Communities Use of Sports and drama to encourage trust building at the community level
PHOTO GALLERY
QUESTIONS? Thank you,Asante,Merci,Murakoze Kyane,Neyanzizaa Nyoo,Ameseginalehu,Kea Leboha,Shukran!