Anna Lazzarinetti ITU ITU Training on Green ICT Standards 11 July 2014 Ewaste management Ewaste definition Scope for regulation and standardization Principles underlying ewaste ID: 381619
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Slide1
E-waste management systems
Anna Lazzarinetti, ITU
ITU Training on “Green ICT Standards”, 11 July 2014Slide2
E-waste management
E-waste definition;
Scope for regulation and standardization;Principles underlying e-waste policies;E-waste
management system
architecture;
Weaknesses;Way forward.
2 of 16Slide3
1. E-waste definition
There is no common definition for e-waste;
E-waste legislations differ in scope;“Any device that for functional reasons is dependent on electric currents or electro-magnetic fields in order to work properly. It becomes e-waste when the holder discards, intends or requires to discard” (Morselli et al., 2009).
3 of 16Slide4
2. Scope for regulation and standardization
Dramatic rise of e-waste
generation;
Hazardous substances and materials - health and environmental
impacts;
Urban
mining;
Illegal traffic of
e-waste vs digital divide.
Picture: Andrew McConnell/
Alamy
4 of 16Slide5
3. Principles
for e-waste policies
Reverse logistics
“Closed loop design through repair, remanufacturing or recycling”, King et al. (2006)
“the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal” (Rogers, Ribben-Lembke, 1999).
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of 16Slide6
Principles
for e-waste policies
Waste hierarchy
Prevention
Reuse
Recycling
RecoverFinal disposal 6
of 16Slide7
Principles for e-waste
policies
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)Models for Extended Producer Responsibility, Lindhqvist (1992)
According to OECD (2001), EPR is an “environmental policy approach in which a producer’s responsibility for a product is extended to the post-consumer stage of a product’s life cycle”.
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4. E-waste management system architecture
Individual and collective producer
responsibility;
Producer compliance
schemes
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E-waste management system architecture
Physical management of e-waste: take-back systems
Definition
of typical collection mechanisms for various
stakeholders, UNU
,
StEP (2009)
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E-waste management system architecture
Financing
models What do they cover?
Who sets compliance costs?
What distinguishes them?
METHOD OF CALCULATION;
STAKEHOLDERS;
LEVERAGE TIME.
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E-waste management system architecture
International standards for processing
Targets
Reporting and register
Enforcement
Picture: Basel Convention (2014). Tons of illegal waste seized under Operation Demeter III.
http://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2014/january/tons-of-illegal-waste-seized-under-operation-demeter-iii.aspx 11 of 16Slide12
5. Weaknesses of e-waste management systems
E-waste dispersed
Illegal traffic
Lack of transparent management of funding
No clear common definition
Heterogeneous
reporting requirements
Lack of internationally comparable data
Developing country-specific criticalities
Speculation on compliance costs
12 of 16Slide13
6.
Measuring e-waste
Harmonizing statisticsReporting matrix: Put
on Market EEE (kg/
inh
);E-waste generated (kg/inh);E-waste
Formal collection (kg/inh);E-waste recycling with other waste streams (kg/inh);E-waste exported for reuse (kg/
inh
);
E-waste
in waste bin (kg/
inh
) (PMID, 2014).
Source: Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development (PMID). E-waste statistics. 2014.
http://i.unu.edu/media/ias.unu.edu-en/project/2238/E-waste-Guidelines-PartnershipMeasuringICTforDevelopment1.pdf
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Way Forward
for policy makers
Long-term
sustainability ambitions
Consider e-waste management in the design of ICT policies
Implement international standards at the national level Encourage concerted cooperation in handling e-waste at the national, regional and international level
Improve the
sustainability and competitiveness
of manufacturing and business practices
Create manufactured products through economically-sound processes that minimize negative environmental impacts while conserving energy and natural resources
Sustainable manufacturing also enhances employee, community, and product safety and promote green
jobs
Foster
PPP
Raise awarenessSlide15
ITU-T’s activities on
e-waste
Research & Development
Supplement on e-waste management
practices
(under development)Raise Awareness and Capacity BuildingDevelopment of international standards and policies
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Thank you
a
nna.lazzarinetti@itu.int