Gerald Ford & Jimmy Carter - PowerPoint Presentation

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Gerald Ford & Jimmy CarterSlide2

Gerald Ford

America's 38th president, Gerald Ford (1913-2006) took office on August 9, 1974, following the resignation of President Richard Nixon, who left the White House in disgrace over the Watergate scandal. Ford became the first unelected president in the nation's history.

A longtime Republican congressman from Michigan, Ford had been appointed Vice President less than a year earlier by President Nixon. His nickname was Mr. Nice GuySlide3

Ford’s policies

As President, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam. Nine months into his Presidency, involvement in Vietnam essentially ended.

One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal.Slide4

Gerald Ford continued

During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed an embargo against the United States in retaliation for the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military and to gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations. The embargo both banned petroleum exports to the targeted nations and introduced cuts in oil production

On Sept. 16, 1974, President Gerald R. Ford issued a proclamation that

offered amnesty

[Clemency] to those who evaded the draft during the Vietnam War

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Mr. Ford also

granted amnesty to those in the military who deserted their duty while serving

. However, the amnesty came with certain conditions, namely that those involved agreed to reaffirm their allegiance to the United States and

serve two years working in a public service jobSlide5

Jimmy CarterJames Carter is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and was awarded the

2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office.

During Carter's term as President, he created two new cabinet-level departments: the Department of Energy and the Department of Education.

Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project and also remains particularly vocal on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.Slide6

Carter’s Foreign Policy

Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem

Begin on 17 September 1978, following thirteen days of secret negotiations at Camp David.

Efforts initially focused on resolution of disputes between Israel And Arab countriesSlide7

Carter’s Foreign Policy

The Torrijos–Carter Treaties are two treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D.C., on September 7, 1977, which abrogated the Hay-Bunau

Varilla

Treaty of 1903.

The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after

1999.

SALT II

was a series of talks between United States and Soviet negotiators which sought to curtail the manufacture of strategic nuclear weapons

.

It was a continuation of the SALT I talks and was led by representatives from both countries. SALT II was the first nuclear arms treaty which assumed real reductions in strategic forces to 2,250 of all categories of delivery vehicles on both sides

. SALT II helped the United States to discourage the Soviets from arming their third generation ICBMs. It also banned new missile programsSlide8

Carter’s Troubled Tenure

IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two Americans were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981),

after a group of Islamist students and militants supporting the Iranian Revolution took over the American Embassy in Tehran.Slide9

Carter’s Troubled Tenure

1979 ENERGY CRISIS in the United States occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. Amid massive protests, the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, fled his country in early 1979 and the Ayatollah Khomeini soon became the new leader of Iran. Protests severely disrupted the Iranian oil sector, with production being greatly curtailed and exports suspended. When oil exports were later resumed under the new regime, they were inconsistent and at a lower volume, which pushed prices upSlide10

Carter’s Troubled Tenure cont….

Three Mile Island

a partial nuclear meltdown which occurred in Pennsylvania. It was the worst accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history

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Soviet war in Afghanistan

lasted nine years from December 1979 to February 1989. Part of the Cold War, it was fought between Soviet-led Afghan forces against multi-national insurgent groups called the Mujahideen. The insurgents received military training in neighboring Pakistan and China, as well as billions of dollars from the United States, Unite Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and other countries.

led to a U.S. boycott of the 1980 OlympicsSlide12

1980 Olympics were held in Moscow, Russia. Jimmy Carter mandated a boycott against the Olympics because the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. This crushed many dreams for our American athletes