Unit 3 Mammal classification Mammals are one of the classes of vertebrates All mammals share a series of common characteristics Internal body temperature control Mammary glands Live birth few exceptions ID: 472108
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Slide1
Mammals
Unit 3Slide2
Mammal classification
Mammals are one of the classes of vertebrates
All mammals share a series of common characteristicsInternal body temperature controlMammary glandsLive birth (few exceptions)Fused pelvic boneEpidermis with hairFour-chambered heart muscular diaphragm Middle ear with three ossicles Two occipital condyles Slide3
Mammal evolution
Amniotes came about during the late carboniferous period, these were the ancestors of all reptiles, birds and mammals
These diverged into three groupsSynapsidsAnapsidsDiapsidsSynapsidsWhere mammals arose fromAppeared in late Paleozoic era, 320
mya in North America Dominant for 70 million years, passed peak before dinosaurs appeared
Diverged into the
pelycosaurs and therapsidsTherapsids are the “mammal-like reptiles”Slide4Slide5
Mammals in the Mesozoic
Small (mouse sized)
Rare Most likely nocturnal Modern mammalsAppeared after the extinction of the dinosaurs K-Pg extinction occurred ~66mya Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction (K-T)Adaptive radiation and Diversity
Includes30 Orders
149 Families
1,222 Genera5,413 SpeciesThere are some orders with one family and several families with one species, however the family Muridae has 730 species, the family
Vespertilionidae
has 407 species of bats and 376 species of shrews in the family
Soricidae
(2005)http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/sep/13/new-mammals-discovered-10-years Slide6
Found
on every continent and in every biome on Earth
Divided into two subclassesSubclass PrototheriaMonotremes (egg layers)Marsupials (pouches)Subclass Theria – true placental mammalsAfrosoricida, Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Macroscelidea
, Scandentia and Dermoptera
Chiroptera
PrimatesXenarthra, Pholidota, and TubulidentataCarnivora
Cetacea
Rodentia
and
LagomorphaProboscidea
,
Hyracoidea
, and Sirenia
Perissodactyla
and
ArtiodactylaSlide7
Mammal Orders
Order
Artiodactyla (even-toed hoofed animals)Hoofed animals with an even number of toes include those that ruminate, or digest their food in four-chamber stomachs and chew cuds, and those that do not ruminate. Those that ruminate are the families Girrafidae (giraffes)Cervidae (deer, moose, reindeer, elk)Antilocapridae (pronghorn, antelope)
Bovidae (cattle, bison, yaks, waterbucks, wildebeest, gazelles, springboks, sheep, musk oxen, goats)Nonruminators
include the families
Suidae (pigs)Tayassuidae (peccaries)Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
Camelidae
(camels, llamas)Slide8
Order
Carnivora
(meat-eaters)There are two suborders of these toe-footed creatures, Caniformia, characterized by long snouts and unretractable clawsCanidae (wolves, dogs, jackals, foxes) Ursidae (bears, giant pandas)Procyonidae (coatis, raccoons, lesser pandas)Mustelidae (martens, weasels, skunks, otters)
Feliformia, have retractable claws Felidae
(cats, lions, cheetahs, leopards)
Hyaenidae (hyenas)Viverridae (mongooses, civets)Slide9
Order
Cetacea
(whales and purpoises)Two suborders of Order Cetacea are the toothed whales, which have regular conical teethToothed whales include the families: Physeteridae (sperm whales)Monodontidae (narwhals, belugas)Phocoenidae (porpoises)Delphinidae
(dolphins, killer whales)The baleen, or whalebone, whales, which have irregular whalebone surfaces instead of teeth.
Baleens include the
familiesEschrichtiidae (gray whales)Balaenidae (right whales) Balaenoptridae (fin-backed whales, hump-backed whales)Slide10
Order
Chiroptera
(bats)There are two suborders of bats, the only mammals that can fly. Suborder Megachiroptera contains one familyPteropodidae (flying foxes, Old Worm fruit bats)Suborder Microchiroptera contains 17 families, including: Rhinopomatidae (mouse-tailed bats)Emballonuridae (sheath tailed bats)
Craseonycteridae (hog-nosed or butterfly bats)
Noctilionidae
(bulldog or fisherman bats)Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)Megadermatidae (false vampire bats)Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)
Vespertilionidae
(common bats)Slide11
Order
Dermoptera
(colugos or flying lemurs)These gliding tree mammals from Asia do not fly and are not lemurs, but they are known as flying lemurs, or Family Cynocephalidae .Order Edentata (toothless mammals)Three families of mammals get by without teeth: Dasypodidae (armadillos) Bradypodidae (sloths) Myrmecophagidae (hairy anteaters)
Order Hyracoidae (hyraxes, dassies)
Order
Hyracoidae is one of three orders that has only one modern family remaining. Procavia capensis (the African rock hyrax) is one of nine living species in the Family Procaviidae .Slide12
Order
Insectivora
(insect-eaters)The three members are the families Talpidae (moles)Soricidae (shrews) Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)Order Lagomorpha (pikas, hares, and rabbits)Two families make up this order:
Ochotonidae (pikas)
Leporidae
(hares and rabbits of all sorts)Slide13
Order
Marsupialia
(pouched animals)Included among these are the families Caenolestidae (rat opossums)Diddeelphidae (true opossums)Dasyuridae (native cats, native mice)Notoryctidae (marsupial moles)Myrmecobiidae (numbats)
Peramelidae (bandicoots)Phalangeridae
(koalas)
Vombatidae (wombats)Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies)Order Monotremata (egg-laying mammals)These more primitive mammals make up the families
Tachyglossidae
(echidnas, also called spiny anteaters)
Ornithorhynchidae
(platypuses)Slide14
Order
Perissodactyla
(odd-toed hoofed animals)The two suborders, Hippomorpha and Ceratomorpha, include creatures that have an odd number of toes. Families in this order Equidae (horses, donkeys, zebras)Tapiridae (tapirs) Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses)Order Pholidata
Family Manidae (pangolins) is the
sole
family in this orderOrder Pinnipedia (seals and walruses) the fin footed orderOtariidae (eared seals, sea lions)Odobenidae (walruses)
Phocidae
(earless seals)Slide15
Order Primates (primates)
The order to which people belong is divided into two suborders:
The Prosimii , who have longer snouts than their relativesThe first group includes the families Tupalidae (tree shrew)Lemuridae (lemurs)Daubentonlidae (aye-ayes)Lorisidae (
lorises, pottos)
Tarsiidae
(tarsiers)The Anthropoidae . The anthropoids include the families Callitrichidae (marmosets)Cebidae
(New World monkeys)
Cercopithecidae
(baboons, Old World monkeys)
Hylobatidae (gibbons)
Pongidae
(gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans)
Hominidae
(human beings)Slide16
Order
Proboscidea
(elephants)Large enough to have an order all to itself is Family Elephantidae .Order Rodentia (gnawing mammals)The most prolific mammals, Order Rodentia includes three suborders. It takes in the families Aplodontidae (mountain beavers)Sciuridae (chipmunks, squirrels, marmots)
Cricetidae (field mice, lemmings, muskrats, hamsters, gerbils)
Muridae
(Old World mice, rats)Heteromyidae (New World mice)Geomyidae (gophers)Dipodidae (jerboas)Slide17
Order Sirenia (dugongs and manatees)
The families
Trichechidae (manatees) Dugongidae (dugongs and other sea cows) Order Tubulidentata (aardvarks)Another mammal in an order by itself is Family Orycteropodidae.