Malvids Brassicales Malvales Sapindales Spring 2014 Fig 830 Core Eudicots RosidsMalvids Malvids Order Brassicales Brassicaceae Mustards Order ID: 239855
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Slide1
Rosids – Malvids:Brassicales - Malvales - Sapindales
Spring
2014Slide2
Fig. 8.30Slide3
Core Eudicots: Rosids-MalvidsMalvids Order Brassicales
Brassicaceae
* – Mustards
Order
Malvales
Malvaceae
*
– Mallows, cotton, chocolate
Order
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
*
– Maples, lychee
Rutaceae
– Citrus
*family required for recognitionSlide4
Rosids-Malvids:Brassicales: Brassicaceae(‘Cruciferae’ - The Mustard Family)
Cosmopolitan, most diverse in the Mediterranean region, SW Asia, and western North America
Herbs, shrubs or trees; (sometimes herbs);
glucosinolates
(
mustard oils
) present in all taxa
Diversity:
3,400-3,700
species in
321-338
genera
Flowers
:
Sepals 4; petals 4 (
cruciform
), often clawed;
stamens 6, all
+
equal
or usually
2 shorter and 4 longer (
tetradynamous
); carpels usually 2, connate, superior ovary;
fruit
a capsule
,
usually
dehiscing by splitting into 2
valves leaving a persistent cross-wall,
a
silique
or
silicle
Significant features: 4-merous
flowers;
often pioneers after disturbance
Special uses: Many important food plants – cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower,
brussels
sprouts, kohlrabi (
Brassica
oleracea
), turnip (
Brassica
rapa
), mustards (
Brassica spp.
), horseradish
(
Armoracia
rusticana
),
and a wide range of ornamentals
Required family; required genus:
Brassica Slide5
Brassicaceae
cruciform petals
silique
-
silicle
tetradynamous
stamens
(2 short + 4 long)
c
lawed petalsSlide6
Arabidopsis thalianaThe model plant ofchoice for much ofmolecular biology.Slide7
-annuals or biennials-at least the lower leaves deeply pinnatifid, lyrate
or pinnate
-racemes without bracts
-
sepals erect during
anthesis
-
petals yellow
-
ovary and silique
with a prominent beakBrassicaceae: Brassica
30+ speciesSlide8
BrassicaoleraceaSlide9
spring ephemeralsornamentalsBrassicaceaeSlide10
Brassicaceae – often weedy or pioneeringSlide11
BrassicaceaeGarlic mustard(Alliaria petiolata)
Kill it!Slide12
Rosids-Malvids:Malvales: Malvaceae(The Mallow Family)Cosmopolitan
Trees, shrubs, lianas or herbs; vegetative parts with
mucilage
; leaves
often
palmately
veined and
lobed (may be
pinnately veined) or
palmately compound; stellate hairsDiversity: 4,200 species in ca. 250 generaFlowers: Sepals & petals
5,
calyx
valvate
;
stamens 5 to many,
monadelphous
or
polydelphous
;
carpels 2 to many
, connate,
superior ovary
; fruit usually a
loculicidal
capsule, also berry,
samara,
schizocarp, or drupe
Significant features:
basic inflorescence unit a modified, 3-bracted cyme
; flowers
often associated with conspicuous bracts forming an
epicalyx
;
nectaries
of densely packed, multicellular glandular hairs
, usually on sepals
Special uses: cotton (
Gossypium
), cacao or chocolate (
Theobroma
), durian (
Durio
), balsa wood (
Ochroma
); many ornamentals, e.g. hibiscus (
Hibiscus
)
Required
familySlide13
Polydelphous stamens
Monadelphous
stamens
MalvaceaeSlide14
Theobroma cacaoSlide15
Malvaceae: Gossypium
-subshrubs to shrubs
-
seeds
+
globular
,
often
with hair (lint)Slide16
Malvaceae: Gossypium
-subshrubs to shrubs
-
seeds
+
globular
,
often with hair (lint)
epicalyxSlide17
Rosids-Malvids:Sapindales: Sapindaceae(The Maple Family)Mainly tropical and subtropical, a few diverse in the temperate zone (e.g.,
Acer
,
Aesculus
)
Trees, shrubs or lianas with tendrils
Diversity:
1,450-1,580
species in
131-135 genera
Flowers: Unisexual or bisexual; sepals & petals 4-5, petals often clawed, with more or less basal appendages adaxially; usually an extrastaminal nectar disk present;
stamens 8 or fewer
(rarely up to 12),
filaments usually hairy or
papillose
;
carpels 2 or 3
, connate,
superior ovary
; fruit a capsule, berry, or schizocarp;
seeds with a deep fold or pocket in the seed coat
Significant features:
presence of
saponins
in many
Special uses: lumber, maple syrup (
Acer
saccharum
); many ornamentals; tropical fruits (
longan
, lychee,
rambutan
)
Required
family; required genus:
Acer Slide18
Sapindaceae: Acer
-trees or sometimes shrubs
-
leaves opposite
, simple and
palmately
lobed, rarely
pinnately
or
palmately compound-calyx usually 5-lobed-petals 0 or as many as the calyx lobes-ovary with 2 connate, winged carpels, 2 ovules per carpel-fruit a schizocarp, splitting into 2
samaroid
mericarps
Some treatments retain this as
Aceraceae
!Slide19
Rosids-Malvids:Sapindales: Rutaceae(The Citrus Family)Nearly cosmopolitan, primarily tropical to subtropical
Trees or shrubs, sometimes with thorns, spines or prickles
Diversity:
1,800-1,900
species in
158-161
genera
Flowers: Sepals & petals 4 – 5; stamens 8-10
; annular nectar disk;
carpels 4-5 to many, connate, superior ovary;
axile placentation; fruit a drupe, capsule, samara, cluster of follicles or modified berry with leathery, glandular rind (i.e., hesperidium in Citrus). Significant features: Aromatic oils chemically complex; simple or compound leaves with pellucid dots containing aromatic ethereal oilsSpecial uses: many desirable fruits - oranges, lemons, limes, tangerine, grapefruit (Citrus), kumquat (Fortunella), several ornamentals, e.g. cork tree (
Phellodendron
)
Family not required
Slide20
Pellucid dotsSlide21
Rutaceae: Citrus
-
fruit a hesperidium