PPT-The effect of variable sampling efficiency on reliability of the observation error as

Authors Stan Kotwicki and Kotaro Ono 1 We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them Albert Einstein Survey sampling efficiency Sampling efficiency . Impact Evaluations. Kristen Himelein. 1. Introduction. The goal of this presentation is not to make you a sampling expert – rather to give an . overview. . of the issues faced in designing a sample for your impact evaluation. (Generally it is recommended that you consult a sampling expert.). V. Measurement: (October . 26, 28). Frankfort-. Nachmias. & . Nachmias. (Chapter 7 – Measurement). Carmines, Edward G. and Richard A. Zeller. 1979. . Reliability and Validity Assessment.. Newbury Park, . Reliability & Validity. Fluctuations in Measured Variables. Measured Variables are likely to fluctuate and be influenced by many factors other than the . Conceptual Variable. of interest. Random Error. It is important that the sample selected be representative of the population from which it is taken so that inferences about the population are the best that they can be.. Probability Sampling Methods. Yu Su*, Gagan Agrawal*, . Jonathan Woodring. #. Kary Myers. #. , Joanne Wendelberger. #. , James Ahrens. #. *The Ohio . State University. #. Los . Alamos National . Laboratory. Motivation. Science becomes increasingly data driven;. 2. The Course. 14 (or so) lessons. Some flexibility. Depends how we feel. What we get through. 3. Part I: Theory of Regression. Models in statistics. Models with more than one parameter: regression. Samples to populations. . scales, validity and reliability. Types of Measures. Observational. Physiological and . Neuroscientific. Self-report. --m. ajority of social & behavioral science research. Self-report . measures. Radford M. Neal. The Annals of Statistics (Vol. 31, No. 3, 2003). Introduction. Sampling from a non-standard distribution. Metropolis algorithm is sensitive to choice of proposal distribution. Proposing changes that are too small leads to inefficient random walk. : . Part . of the Problem or . Part . of the Solution. ?. Robert Coe, . Durham University. Association of Colleges Annual Conference, 19 November 2013. Ofsted: . Part . of the Problem or . Part of the Solution?. Validity . Is the translation from concept to . operationalization. accurately representing the underlying concept. . Does your variables measure what you think in abstract concepts.. This is more familiarly called Construct Validity.. Quantitative Observation. Quantitative observations are expressed as numbers.. Inference. An inference is a logical conclusion drawn from available evidence and prior knowledge.. Hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess to a problem, which is written in a certain way that leads to further investigation.. Chapter 6. Measurement. Measurement. Measurement. is the process by which social science researchers determine how to assess the social phenomena they study.. Measurement in social science research is more difficult than in physical science research because social concepts and phenomena are more challenging to define.. Jamie DeLeeuw, Ph.D.. 5/7/13. Reliability. Consistency of measurement. The measure itself is dependable.. ***A measure must be reliable to be valid!***. High reliability = greater consistency = lower randomness (error). Outline. Reliability. Definition. Test score theory. True score. Error. Sources of error. Test Reliability. Test-retest. Parallel forms. Single administration methods. Split-half. Internal consistency.