The Periodic Table gives us SO much information about the world around us but first you have to know how to read it Each of these little squares tells us about one specific element Reminder An Element is a pure substance made of all the same type of atom ID: 227898
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Slide1Slide2
The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table gives us SO much information about the world around us, but first you have to know how to read it!
Each of these little squares tells us about one specific element.
Reminder!: An Element is a pure substance made of all the same type of atom!Slide3
An Element
Where an element is on the table can give you a lot of information about it.
We are going to look at what information you can find out from each element’s square on the Periodic Table.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5
This is what the square for Boron looks like.Slide4
An Element
Find Boron on your periodic table.
A basic periodic table will give you these four pieces of information about each element. We will go over each one and what they mean.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5Slide5
Atomic Number
This is the
Atomic Number
for Boron.The atomic number tells you how many
protons
and electrons an atom of Boron has. (So Boron has 5 protons and 5 electrons).The elements are also arranged on the Periodic Table so that the atomic numbers go in order.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5
Reminder!: Protons and Electrons are in the nucleus of the atom. Protons carry a positive charge. Electrons carry a negative charge.Slide6
Chemical Symbol
This is the
Chemical Symbol
for Boron.The chemical symbol is the same no matter what language you read the table in.
Every element has a unique chemical symbol.
The first letter is always capitalized. If there is a second letter, it is always lowercase.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5Slide7
Chemical Name
This is the
Chemical Name
. The chemical name may be different for a scientist viewing the table in a different language.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5Slide8
Atomic Mass
This is the
Atomic Mass
of Boron.Atomic mass is measured in Atomic Mass Units
(amu’s
).It is the sum of the mass of all of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in one atom of Boron.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5Slide9
Atomic Mass (continued)
Electrons have very little mass. So little that they barely register in the atomic mass.
For this reason, the atomic mass really only measures the mass of the
protons + the neutrons
.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5Slide10
Atomic Mass (continued)
Protons and Neutrons each weigh about 1 amu.
Because they weight 1 amu and we know how many protons each atom has – it is easy to figure out how many neutrons each atom has.
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5
Reminder!: The Atomic Number tells you how many protons each atom has. Do you remember where the atomic number is?Slide11
Neutrons
To find the number of neutrons:
1
st
– Round off the atomic mass to the nearest whole number
10.811 rounds to 112nd – Subtract the number of protons (the atomic number) from your new atomic mass11 – 5 = 6
The answer is the number of neutrons the atom has!
B
Boron
10.811 amu
5Slide12
Neutron Practice
Let’s practice on a new element!
What is the atomic number for Fluorine?
What is the atomic mass of Fluorine?
What would you round the atomic mass too?
__________ - ___________ = _________ (rounded atomic mass ) (atomic number) (neutrons)
How many neutrons does Fluorine have?
F
Fluorine
18.998404 amu
9