aesthetic peerless catalyst propriety disparage virtuoso ingratiate vitriolic insipid whimsical TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the ID: 574556
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Slide1
Unit Three: Chapter 11
•
aesthetic
•
peerless
•
catalyst
•
propriety
•
disparage
•
virtuoso
•
ingratiate
•
vitriolic
•
insipid
•
whimsicalSlide2
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
–
adjective
• A vegetable garden not only is practical but has aesthetic value, too; the shining green peppers, red tomatoes, and purple eggplants are a beautiful sight. • Your green plaid pants and orange flowered shirt do not make a very aesthetic combination.
Aesthetic meansA. pleasing to the senses. B. moral. C. financial.
1 aestheticSlide3
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
–
adjective
• A vegetable garden not only is practical but has aesthetic value, too; the shining green peppers, red tomatoes, and purple eggplants are a beautiful sight. • Your green plaid pants and orange flowered shirt do not make a very aesthetic combination.
Aesthetic meansA. pleasing to the senses. B. moral. C. financial.
1 aesthetic
The phrase
beautiful sight
suggests that gardens are
pleasing to the sense
of sight. The combination of plaid and flowered patterns would
not
be
pleasing to the senses
. Slide4
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
2
catalyst– noun• World War II was a catalyst for social change. When women took factory jobs, filling in for men who were away fighting, the concept of “women’s work” was permanently expanded.
• Seeing a friend die of an overdose was a catalyst for Herbert’s decision to stop abusing drugs. Catalyst meansA. something that causes or speeds up a process.
B. something that prevents a process. C.
something that is harmful.Slide5
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
2
catalyst– noun• World War II was a catalyst for social change. When women took factory jobs, filling in for men who were away fighting, the concept of “women’s work” was permanently expanded.
• Seeing a friend die of an overdose was a catalyst for Herbert’s decision to stop abusing drugs. Catalyst meansA. something that causes or speeds up a process.
B. something that prevents a process.
C. something that
is harmful.
Because the war necessitated an expansion of “women’s work,” it
was
something that
caused
or
speeded
up
the
process
of social change. The friend’s fatal overdose was
something that caused or speeded up the process
of
Herbert’s decision to stop abusing drugs.Slide6
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
3
disparage
– verb• An ironclad rule of politics used to be “Never disparage anyone in your party.” For the sake of unity, party members weren’t supposed to criticize each other.
• “I’ve lost respect for Cheryl,” Shawna said. “She’ll pretend to be your friend, but then she’ll disparage you behind your back.” Disparage meansA. to discourage. B.
to say bad things about. C. to
ignore. Slide7
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
3
disparage
– verb• An ironclad rule of politics used to be “Never disparage anyone in your party.” For the sake of unity, party members weren’t supposed to criticize each other.
• “I’ve lost respect for Cheryl,” Shawna said. “She’ll pretend to be your friend, but then she’ll disparage you behind your back.” Disparage meansA. to discourage.
B. to say bad things about. C.
to ignore.
The word
criticize
means
to
say bad things about
someone or something.
The
phrase
to be your friend
is contrasted with Cheryl’s tendency
to say bad things about
people behind their backs.
Photo:
David ShankboneSlide8
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
4
ingratiate– verb• When he was stopped for speeding, Luke tried hard to ingratiate himself with the officer by complimenting the police department, but he got a ticket anyway.
• It’s sickening the way Howie ingratiates himself with his boss by agreeing with her about every little thing and telling her how wonderful she is. Ingratiate meansA. to argue with someone. B.
to flatter someone. C. to
make demands.Slide9
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
4
ingratiate– verb• When he was stopped for speeding, Luke tried hard to ingratiate himself with the officer by complimenting the police department, but he got a ticket anyway.
• It’s sickening the way Howie ingratiates himself with his boss by agreeing with her about every little thing and telling her how wonderful she is. Ingratiate meansA. to argue with someone. B.
to flatter someone. C.
to make demands.
Paying a compliment to the police department is a way
to flatter someone
who works there (such as a police officer). Constantly agreeing with his boss and saying she is wonderful are two ways Howie tries
to flatter someone
who has authority over him.Slide10
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
5
insipid– adjective• A French novelist once said, “A story without love is like beef without mustard—an insipid dish.”
• The cast tried hard to put some sparkle and zest into the play, but the script was so pointless and insipid that their efforts fell flat. Insipid meansA. disgusting. B. inspiring.
C. boring.
Photo:
jules (left); Robin from Netherlands (right)Slide11
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
5
insipid– adjective• A French novelist once said, “A story without love is like beef without mustard—an insipid dish.”
• The cast tried hard to put some sparkle and zest into the play, but the script was so pointless and insipid that their efforts fell flat. Insipid meansA. disgusting. B. inspiring.
C. boring.
A dish served with a
spicy mustard
sauce is less
boring
than one served without. A performance with sparkle and zest is contrasted with a script that is pointless and
boring
.
Photo:
jules (left); Robin from Netherlands (right)Slide12
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
6
peerless
– adjective• “She’s peerless,” the singer’s fans insisted. “No one can compete with her.” •
When their beloved teacher retired, her students presented her with a plaque: “To a peerless educator and a matchless friend.” Peerless meansA. without an equal. B. critical.
C. perceptive. Slide13
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
6
peerless
– adjective• “She’s peerless,” the singer’s fans insisted. “No one can compete with her.” •
When their beloved teacher retired, her students presented her with a plaque: “To a peerless educator and a matchless friend.” Peerless meansA. without an equal. B. critical.
C. perceptive.
If no one can compete with the singer, then she is so talented that she is
without an equal
. The two words used to describe the teacher,
matchless
and
peerless
, both mean “
without
an equal
.”Slide14
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
7
propriety– noun• Helen, a newspaper reporter, is concerned about the propriety of her writing stories about the town council when her husband is a member of the council.
• People questioned the propriety of the woman’s beginning to date only two weeks after her husband had been killed. Propriety meansA. opportunity. B. correctness.
C. cost. Slide15
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
7
propriety– noun• Helen, a newspaper reporter, is concerned about the propriety of her writing stories about the town council when her husband is a member of the council.
• People questioned the propriety of the woman’s beginning to date only two weeks after her husband had been killed. Propriety meansA. opportunity. B. correctness.
C. cost.
Helen is concerned about the
correctness
of covering council activities because it might be difficult to report objectively about a group that includes her husband. People who think it is appropriate for widows to observe a period of mourning might question the
correctness
of
dating so soon after her husband’s death.Slide16
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
8
virtuoso
– noun• Woody Allen has a funny line about a woman who gave up her lifetime ambition of becoming a violin virtuoso when she realized she would have to study the violin.
• The pianist was disappointed by the review of his performance: “He is competent, but no virtuoso—that spark of genius is missing.” Virtuoso meansA. a moral person. B. a repairperson.
C. a master performer.
Photo:
White House Photo OfficeSlide17
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
8
virtuoso
– noun• Woody Allen has a funny line about a woman who gave up her lifetime ambition of becoming a violin virtuoso when she realized she would have to study the violin.
• The pianist was disappointed by the review of his performance: “He is competent, but no virtuoso—that spark of genius is missing.” Virtuoso meansA. a moral person. B. a repairperson.
C. a master performer.
It is silly to expect to become
a
master
performer
without first learning to play the violin. To be
a master
performer
, the pianist needed a spark of genius—in addition to “mere” competence.
Photo:
White House Photo OfficeSlide18
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
9
vitriolic– adjective• Some people who call in to radio talk shows make shockingly vitriolic remarks; they seem to be using the show as an outlet for their most bitter, vicious thoughts.
• A famous piece of advice: When you are furious at someone, write him or her a vitriolic letter, using the ugliest, most cutting words you can find. Read it a few times to make sure it’s as hateful as possible. Then tear it up and throw it away. Vitriolic meansA. debatable. B. s
harp and bitter. C. insane. Slide19
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
9
vitriolic– adjective• Some people who call in to radio talk shows make shockingly vitriolic remarks; they seem to be using the show as an outlet for their most bitter, vicious thoughts.
• A famous piece of advice: When you are furious at someone, write him or her a vitriolic letter, using the ugliest, most cutting words you can find. Read it a few times to make sure it’s as hateful as possible. Then tear it up and throw it away. Vitriolic meansA. debatable. B.
sharp and bitter. C. insane.
If the callers are expressing their most bitter, vicious thoughts, then their remarks are
sharp and bitter
. If
you write down the ugliest, most hateful and cutting words you can find, then your letter will be
sharp and bitter
. Slide20
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
10
whimsical– adjective• Toni and Ed’s decision to marry seemed whimsical. They had known each other for only three days.•
Some of the policies at our school seem pointless and whimsical. For example, students are allowed to audit courses in science but not in math, the library is closed every other Tuesday, and coffee is not served in the dining hall. Whimsical meansA. impulsive. B. appropriate. C.
frightening.
Photo: Dave HitchborneSlide21
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
10
whimsical– adjective• Toni and Ed’s decision to marry seemed whimsical. They had known each other for only three days.•
Some of the policies at our school seem pointless and whimsical. For example, students are allowed to audit courses in science but not in math, the library is closed every other Tuesday, and coffee is not served in the dining hall. Whimsical meansA. impulsive. B. appropriate.
C. frightening.
It is
impulsive
to marry someone one has known for only three days. The contradictory, pointless, and odd rules seem to have been determined in an arbitrary and
impulsive
way.
Photo:
Dave Hitchborne