Page numbers in bold type refer to tables those in - PDF document

1 Page numbers in bold type refer to table
Page numbers in bold type refer to tables, those in Acadian Orogeny 259, 260, 261,264, 267 accommodation space, Long Valley 226 accretionary prisms 6 Gondwana 235 accretionary terranes 215 Achaia batholith 240 Achalian orogeny 235, 248 Achmelvich Bay 198 active margins 6 Adriatic plate 273 italic type to illustrations Argentina 233-254 Ashe Formation 260 Atlantis Fracture Zone 78 Australian-Pacific plate boundary 87 Avalon-North America suture 233 axial strain evolution 57 Badcallian, structures 197 Baltic Sea 292 Baltic-Bothnian zone 291-296 fractures and foliation 297 Banda Arc 159 Barbados margin 37, INDEX lithostratigraphy of movement 260 brittle asperities 295 brittle faults, mudstone dominated 185 brittle fractures 2 NW Scotland 198 Sweden 297 brittle intergranular fractures 128 brittle reactivation Sierras Pampeanas 241-243 Sweden 302 brittle-ductile folds 203 brittle-ductile transition Brevard Fault Zone 258, 264, 265,267 strength maximum 2 Sweden 291, 295297 brittle-viscous transition 307-308, 318, 322, 324, 326 brucite 93 bubble trails 129 buckle-folding 236 bulk deformation 183 bulk simple shear 248 bulk strain 310 buttress folds 250 buttressing effect 261 Calaveras Fault 15, 16 cross-section orogeny 198, 287, 298 La Calera 240, 246, 274 Candelaria 239 Canisp shear zone 197, 198, 201,203, 205 map Mountains 118 microcracks faults 119-124 Canyon Range deformation history 132 map Range Thrust 118, 119, 121,124 photomicrographs horses 262, 263, 264, 267 platforms 259, 262 Carolina Exotic Terrane 267 Cartier Trough 158, 159 Cascade Canyon 121 Cascade Reservoir 225 Cascade Valley 225 Cascadia, margin 36, 37 Castle Creek fault 216 cataclasis 48 anhydrous 94-95 footwall 133, Alpine Fault 88 Brevard Fault Zone 260, 262 in fault zones 115 NW Scotland 198, 201 Sevier fold-thrust belt 130, fraction 133, 135 118 cataclastic fracturing 44 cataclastic shear bands 57 cataclastic-frictional deformation 4 celadonite mica 85 cementation 46 channel flow, melts 317 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone 81 chevron folds 236, 239, 240 Chilenia terrane 235, 241,250 chlorite 85, 90, 93 chloritization 38, 97 Choiyoi Formation 243,250 clay gouge Alpine Fault 89 development Thrust analysis 90-91, 91 microfabrics 103-112 sample orientation images 104, 108, 109 mineralogy 89-93 clay minerals hydromechanical behaviour 96-98 Lewis Thrust properties 86-87 in tectonic settings 86 transformation 85-101,104 90, Clearwater embayment 220 Coastal Complex 174 coaxial inversion 245 Coble creep 150 Coigach fault 198 Coll

2 io Basin 318 Columbia River basalts 220,
io Basin 318 Columbia River basalts 220, 222, 226, 227 comminution 57, 58, 136 compaction 44 shear-enhanced 50, 59 Companion M~lange 174-180, 188 structural elements layering 176 compositional zoning 147 conduits, fluid flow 6 conjugate fault intersections 160 contact stresses 45 continental arc, Pampean 235 continental blocks 300 continental crust and fault zones 305-332 rheology 324-326 continental extension, and normal faulting 6 controlling factors 4 Cordillera Principal 235 Cordilleran Orogen 118 core complexes 78-80 core-complex extension 67 corrensite 85 Cossato-Mergozzo-Brissago Line 318, 319, 323, 324, 326 Costa Rica Rift 36 crack-seal mechanism 55 cratonization 299 creep, melt-assisted 315 Crowsnest Pass 104 335 crush belts 198 crustal differentiation 305 crustal extension, Woodlark Basin 23 crustal loading 324 crustal shortening 243 crustal strength 5 crustal thinning, mid-oceanic ridges 78 crystal distortion, chlorite 93 Curling Group 175 Cuyo basin 241,242, 243 damage zones 201 Deep Continental Borehole 4 deformation fluid-enhanced 260 localization 283 and metamorphism 141 seismogenic 5 deformation bands experimental mechanisms 60 formation of 44-47 hydraulic properties 51-55 model porous sandstone 43-63 deformation history, and microfractures 113-140 deformation rates 172 deformation strands, and cumulative strain zones characterization 114 crustal-scale 244 distribution 137 fault-related 114 in plate boundaries 67 deformation-enhanced fluid distribution 151, 152 dehydration reactions 7 Delamerian orogenic belt 235 detachment faulting 23, 264 detachment horizons 325 Devils Den 121 Diablo Ranges 15 differential stress creep 142 diffusion rates 145, 149, 154 diffusional flow 310 dilatancy 2, 283 fluid influx 44 microcracking 53 near-fault 51, 53 pumping 117 and strain rate 50 dilatant hardening 51 dip-slip faults basin boundary 250 orientation 6 Rosman Fault 263 discrete element models 163, energy 153 dislocation creep 144, 150, 308, 313, 323 photomicrograph glide 95, 127 displacement accommodation 325 displacement gradients 301 displacement rates 161, 162 dissolution-deposition textures 55 dissolution-neocrystallization 110 Downey Creek fault 216 drilling results, Woodlark Basin 26, 28-29 ductile deformation, high-temperature 260 ductile fault zones, Gondwana margin 234 ductile shear, crustal-scale 302 ductile shear zones, Sweden 289, 294-295 ductile-brittle transition, transition dykes Brevard Fault Zone 260 Sing6 289 dynamic recrystallization 7, 141 earthquake focal m

3 echanisms, San Andreas fault system 13-2
echanisms, San Andreas fault system 13-21 earthquakes End Glacial 297 magnitudes 297 and stress drops 5, 167 and weak faults 167 elasticofrictional- quasiplastic transition 114 End Glacial faults 288, 296-298 structures controls 3 epidote magmatic 215 vein 291,295 La Escalerilla 241 Eurasian plate 299 and Adriatic plate 142 exhumation and faulting 265 and melting 306 experimental studies, melting 312-313 extensional basins 158 extensional collapse 250 fabric attractors 189 fabric degradation 110 fabric orientation, Idaho shear zone orogen 235, 239 fault density displacement rates 158 fault drag 120, 121 fault geometry 164, 166, 167, 201 fault gouge 5 Alpine Fault 88 Baltic-Bothnia zone 296 particle fractions 43 fault growth curves 161,162 fault interaction 164 fault inversion 245 fault localization 167 fault longevity 160 fault mortality 164 fault orientation Companion Mrlange basis reactivation 114, 167 INDEX Apennine-Maghrebide system 280-283 Appalachians 257 Apennine-Maghrebide system 273 Brevard Fault Zone 264 Salmon River 207, 213, 223-227 short cuts timescales 243 fault reversal 248 fault rock rheology 6 fault scarps 158 fault sealing 55 fault short cuts 246-248 fault size, and displacement rates 162, 163 fault spacing, and lithology 205 fault strength 164, 166-168 fault surfaces, geometry 168 fault systems evolution 161, 166 kinematic analysis 158-163 fault trace lengths 160 fault valve action 51 fault zones crustal scale 3, 305-332 evolution 114, 324 flattening 259 geometric properties 196 internal architecture 5 mechanical behaviour 1-4 melt-containing 306-315 mesoscopic structure 114-115 microscopic structure 115-117 models 2, 114, 124 117 reactivation 233 shear surfaces 171 - 193 structure 1-4 synthetic sections 184 weakening 172 also zones faulting maximum depth 67 numerical modelling 163-166, 160 faults clustering 196, 205 fabric-parallel 227 internal zonation 115 movement localization 136 reactivation 3 striated 178 Fennoscandia basement 287 map zones 299 FENTEC programme 298, 299 finite element methods 68 finite strain 186 Finland, faults 292 Fisher Creek, map 176 fissures, mineralized 97 Fletcher 263 flow apophyses 189 fluid formation, clay mineral transformations 110 fluid influx, and reactivation 208, 264, 268 fluid migration, and clay minerals 86 fluid pressure and clay minerals 87 in fault zones 5, 301 fluid transport, along faults 51 fluid-rock reactions 24 fold tightening 129 fold-thrust belts 113, 178, 183, 261,273, 283 folds, asymmetric 178 foliation amphibolit

4 e-grade 240 Baltic-Bothnia shear zone 29
e-grade 240 Baltic-Bothnia shear zone 294, 296 and faulting 205, 224, 227 geometry 201-203 Idaho shear zone 218 Korpilombolo Group 293 Lewisian complex 198, 144 Pocatello quartzites 128 Sierras de Crrdoba Pampeanas 236, 290 foliation and fault orientation 203 fractures 32 Fool Creek 119 footwall highs 158 foredeep basins, normal faults 281 Fort Tejon 14, 15 fracture arrays 198, 201 fracture density 114 fracture linkage 207 fracture mechanisms 6 fracture networks 32, 119 fracture populations 203 fracture saturation 287 fracture zones development 195-211 oceanic 174 fractures, also fracturing, grain-scale 117 Frenchman's Cove 174-180, 185, 188 friction coefficient 4 San Andreas fault 13 frictional heat 5, 97 frictional melting 88, 95 frictional sliding 2, 308 frictional strength 4 frictional-brittle behaviour 265 frictional-viscous transition 2 frontal ramps 280 Furtschaglschiefer 143, 147, 154 gabbros altered 174 lower crustal 65 Gairloch shear zone 197, 198, 201 map boundary 257 Garbenschiefer 143, 144 microstructure 146-148 Garlock fault 15 Gaunt Creek 88, 93 337 geometric softening 7 geothermal gradient, Alpine Fault 88 geothermal gradients 324 E1 Gigante 243 glacial uplift 287 Gondwana, margin 233-254 Goose Creek 224 gouge zone 115 Gould Dome 104 grain boundary cracks 128 grain boundary diffusion creep 142, 145, 147 148-149 grain boundary wetting 145 grain composition, and deformation 46 grain crushing 46, 50 grain displacement 44 grain growth 153 grain size, and porosity 32 grain-size reduction 7, 117, 118, 144 grain-size sensitive flow 145 Grandfather Mountain window 147 Gratteri-Mount Mufam Line 274, 278-280, 281,283 structures 278 and melt transport 324, 327 Greiner shear zone 141-156 evolution 151 - 154, 154 Grenvillean, Appalachians 260 Grotti fault 277 growth faults 174 Gulf Coast 103, 110 Gunnison Thrust 118 Haast River 88 Haparanda granitoids 293 Hare Mare Creek 88 Havelock Creek 88 Hayward Fault 15 Hazard Creek complex 216, 218, 222, 225, 227 heat conduction, lateral 67 heat flow data, San Andreas fault 13 Henderson orthogneiss 260, 262 high-strain events, Sierras Pampeanas 236-241 La Higuera 240 hornblende electron image granitoids 294 growth 153 porphyroblasts 142, 142, 147, 151, 154, 295 Humber Arm Supergroup 174, 175 Hyblean foreland 282 Hyblean plate 273 Hydrate Ridge 37 hydraulic conductivity 30 hydraulic properties, deformation bands 51-55 hydmfracturing 35, 37, 313, 317 hydrogeological fracturing 23 1-type plutons 216, 235 Iapetus, opening 198 Iceland transform 2

5 99 Idaho batholith 214, 215, 216, 219 9
99 Idaho batholith 214, 215, 216, 219 98, 110 90 imbricate structure Brevard Fault Zone 262 End Glacial faults 297 Imerese Basin 274, 278, 279, 283 inclusion wails 260 Inner Moray Firth 158 fault maps populations 163, 166 seismic section Piedmont 260, 261 Insubric Line 320, 322, 323, 327 intergranular cracks 127 intragranular cracks 127 Inverian shear zones 197 inversion tectonics 3 irrotational shear 290 Ischigualasto basin 241,242 Ivrea, cross-section 318, sets, Sweden 296 joints, clay-filled 86 kaolinite 98 Kerry Beach 198, 203, 205 kinematic approach 172 kinematics, serpentinite deformation 183-184 kink folds 178 Knox Group 259, 263 Korpilombolo Group 292, 293 KTB, Continental Borehole Landers earthquake 13, 15, 18 landslips, Sweden 296 Lansjarv End Glacial Fault 296, 297 Lapland 288, 296, 297 Lammide orogeny 213 lateral cooling, at transforms 67, 70 lateral ramps 280 Latium-Abruzzi Platform 274, 276 laumontite 295 Laurentia crust 235 rifting 198 Laurentia-Gondwana collision 265, 268 Laxfordian fault styles zones 196 leucosomes 310, Lewis Hills 174 Lewis Thrust 103-112, 171 Lewisian Basement Complex chronology 197 fault spacing 207 map granitoids 293, 294 lineation, western Idaho shear zone 218, 224 listric faults 113, 243, 246, 258 lithological controls 3 lithospheric keels 226 lithospheric reactivation 222 lithospheric weakness 227 lithostatic pressure, and crustal hardness 307 INDEX Little French Creek 224 Little Goose Creek complex 216, 217, 218, 225, 227 Loch Maree fault 198 Loch Maree Group 197, 207 Loma Prieto earthquake 15 London Clay 32 Long Valley 225 gravity map profile friction, detachment faults 23 Lower Schieferhtille 142 McCall 217, 222, 224, 225 MacLaren Glacier metamorphic belt 325 Madonie Mountains 274, 278, 281 maps 280, 281 Complex, Ivrea 319, 326 mafic melts 322, 324 magma segregation threshold 310 magma supply, at ridge ends 78 magmatism, at plate boundaries 67 Mahogany Hollow 121 mantle faulting 214 heterogeneity 223, 226 mantle discontinuities 227 Marayes basin 241 Meall Aundrary 198, 203, 205,207 Mediterranean Ridge 36 mega-mullions 65, 78 melt ascent 323-324, 327 melt connectivity 316, 317 melt loss, and hardening 313 melt permeability 315,316 melt pressures 317 melt segregation 305, 309-310 episodic 310-313 rates 322- 323 in shear zones 318-326 syntectonic 310, 313, 317, 318, 326 melt transport 317 and gravity 324, 327 and rheology 320 melting incipient 324 tectonic settings 305, 243 metabasites 88, 97 metamorphic core complex, Moresby Seamount 24 me

6 tamorphic facies, and shearing 302 metam
tamorphic facies, and shearing 302 metamorphic overpressure 7 metamorphism amphibolite facies 142 Brevard fault Zone 260 and deformation 141 Sierras Pampeanas 236 metavolcanics, hornblende bundles in 142 meteoric waters, circulation 97 Mg-rich rocks, Alpine Fault 88, 98 micro-cataclasites 295 microcracking 44, 48, 95 density 115, 117, 118, 133 Canyon Mountains 120 and distance from fault 135 geometry 126-128 microfractures and deformation history 113-140 equal-area plots 32, 50, 124, 125, 133 photomicrographs 127 132-135 Mid-Atlantic Ridge 81 mid-ocean ridge transform boundaries 65 migmatization 236, 292, 293 Minch Basin 198 mineral stretching lineation 260, fault systems 164 modelling parameters 69 Moho, offsets 214, 233 Mohr-Coulomb theory 185, 227, 244, 245, 313 Mojave Desert 18, 243 montmorillonite 86 Moresby Seamount 23, 24 Morgan Hill earthquake 15 Mount Mufara 278 Mount Mufara-Mount Ferro thrust 280 mudstone fracture-veined 35-36 mullions, Sweden 289, 295 mylonites Alpine Fault 88, 90 amphibolitic 89 Brevard Fault Zone 262 Ivrea 319 Laxfordian 197 Pampean 239, 240, 248 solid-state flow 307 Sweden 289, 295 Turba 322 Winterhouse Brook 180, 183 mylonitic flow 308 mylonitized rocks, in fault zones 32 nappes, Sing6 289 Nazca Plate, subduction 234 Neo-Tethys, closure 142 neoformed faults 186 net displacement 248 New Zealand, maps faulting, continental separation 23 normal faults Canyon Mountains 119 foredeep basins 281 geometric controls on 157-170 Idaho batholith 223 Long Valley 222 Salmon River 225 Sierras Pampeanas 248 Umbria-Marche region 276 Woodlark Basin 24 North America craton 214, 215 North American Cordillera 339 North American shelf slope 174 North Arm Mountain 174 North Sea 157 Northridge earthquake 18 Norumbega fault zone 233 numerical models, transforms 68 Numidian Flysch 279, 280, 281 Oak City 121 Oak Creek 119 oceanic Wansforms, thermal-rheological controls 65-83 ODEPACK program 68 offset lengths 78 offset-width relationships 59 Onsala 299 ophiolite sheets, fault slip 171 orogenic belts, thickness 273 orogenic wedges 171 Ostwald ripening 55, 56 Outer Hebrides Fault Zone 258 oxygen isotope ratios 215, 217 Pacific plate margin 88 Paganzo Basin 235-236, 241 Pairvie Fault 297 Pampean terrane 241 Panormide Platform 274, 278, 279, 283 Papuan Peninsula 24 particle displacements sizes, and cumulative strain 52 Thrust 118, 119, 121 Paxton Thrust 118 Payette River tonalite 216, 217, 218, 224, 225, 227 pegmatites 239, 294 Penninic nappes 320, 322 Periadriatic Line 320, 322 pe

7 ridotites melt-bearing 310 serpentinized
ridotites melt-bearing 310 serpentinized 174, 180, 183, 188 upper mantle 65 permeability deformation bands 55 faulting 36 mudstone 35-36 permeability anisotropy 32 permeability evolution 51 permeability sensitivity 52 permeability testing 30-35 permeability variation 23-41 permeameter Creek tonalite 260 phyUonite, Brevard 260, deformation 146 weak 24, 85 Pie de Palo 235 Pilbara craton 320 pinch and swell structure 115 plagioclase, TEM images flow 264 plate boundaries conceptual structure 65 offset 73 plate kinematics 72-73 plate strength 74 pluton growth 321 Pocatello Formation 121, 128, 132 Pocklington Rise 24 Pollock Mountain fault 215, 216 pore fluids chemistry 55-58 pressure 32, 291 and shear strength 86 slip events 95, 96 porosity deformation bands 48 fault gouge 26, 32 measurements 32 mudstones 32 porous rocks, microcracks 51 porous sandstone, deformation bands in 43-63 precipitation healing 37 Precordillera 235 Precordilleran terrane 241,250 prehnite 295 pressure solution 55, 57, 115, 128 cleavage 236, 278 pressure solution creep 117 principal displacement zones 201,203, 205 fault spacing Alpine Fault 88, 89, 90, 97 Laxfordian 198, 201 Sierras Pampeanas 239, 240 Sweden 295 La Puerta 240 pull-apart basins, Argentina 235, 241,243, 249 Puncoviscana Formation 235,236 pure shear 186, 261,301 quartz cementation 55 Rabun pluton 260 Rane~ Group 292 Rapid River fault 215,216 Rb-Sr ages, Brevard Fault Zone 260 reaction weakening 97 reaction-induced strengthening 149 reaction-induced weakening 151 reactivated zones 117-118, 135 regional shortening 175, 178 regional stress, and reactivation 302 relay zones 160, 161 reservoir charging 58 resistance to sliding 4 retrograde metamorphism 260, 262 reverse faults, Sierras Pampeanas 234, 236, 243,248, 250 rheological partitioning 257-271 rheology, and melt transport 320 ridge accretion, asymmetric 78 ridge-transform intersections 65, 78 Riedel shear 171, 185, 189, 301 rift basins, Argentina INDEX Alps 326 growth faults 174 North Sea 158 Riggins Group 216 Rio de La Plata 235 Rio Grande Rift 327 La Rioja province 234, 241,243 Riphean, Laurentia 198 rock softening, mechanisms 117 rock strength, and anatexis 313-315 Rocky Mountains 213, 233 rodingite 180 Romanche Transform 77 Rosman Fault 259, 262, 263, 265 Ross orogenic belt 235 rotation, in thrust sheets 188 Rundle Formation 104 S-type plutons 216, 235, 236, 238 Saar-Nahe basin 327 Salmon River suture zone 213-231 geological history reactivation 14 maps 217, 218, 219 236 sampling strategy, for pe

8 rmeability tests 31 San Andreas Fault 15
rmeability tests 31 San Andreas Fault 15, 16 clay minerals in 86 cross-section 17 frictional strength 20, 21 pore fluid pressure 95 seismic studies 214 stresses 290-291 San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth 8 San Andreas fault system earthquake focal mechanisms 13-21 map Andreas plate boundary fault 5 San Carlos massif 238, 240 San Francisco Bay 14 map Francisco Peninsula Ranges 15 San Gregorio Fault 15 San Jose 15 sandstone creep-to-failure tests 56 deformation 47-51 thin sections Rosa 243 Scaglia Rossa Formation 274, 275 structures fabrics 26, 37 Schioppo fault 277 schist, graphitic 143 schistosity, reactivation 227 NW Scotland geology 197-198 structure data dykes 197 sea floor, obducted 174 Sea of the Hebrides basin 198 secondary fracture porosity 32 sedimentation rates 158 seismic melts 291,300 seismic pumping 51 seismicity Alpine Fault 88 Sweden 294, 297 semi-brittle faults, reactivation 240-241 Senja-Bothnia zone 291-296 faulting 295 fractures and foliation breccia 181 serpentinites 174, 180 deformation 180-183 sheared 183 serpentinization 38 Seven Devils-Wallowa terranes 214, 215, 220 Sevier fold-thrust belt 114, 118 cross-section 123 124-132 photographs orogeny 132 shear fault-parallel 115 inversion 282 shear bands, chlorite grade 240 shear faulting 3 shear fracture, laboratory studies 166 shear sense indicators 239, 240, 259, 277 shear strain rate 74 shear strength, clay minerals 86 shear surface flow 316 shear surfaces asymmetric arrays 171 - 193 conditions of formation 313, 317, 323, 326 inclination to faults 183, 189 shear zones 2 Alps 141-156 bounding surfaces 183 brittle 301 crustal-scale 318-326 dilatational 302 greenschist-grade 239-240 Greiner 142 NW Scotland 198 rheology 141 short-lived 300 strengthening and weakening 148-151 under transforms 66, 74 weakening 301 western Idaho 216, 217 shelf carbonates 159 Siberia 299 Sicily 279, 281,283 Sierra de Chepes 234, 235, 239 Sierra de San Luis 234, 239, 240, 243 Sierra Nevada batholith 226 Sierras de C6rdoba 234, 235, 236, 241,242, 243, 248 map de Las Minas 234 Sierras Pampeanas 233 341 map 234 tectonic setting 234-236 simple shear 186 Sing6 deformation zone 288-291 development 290 fluid pressure 301 map 289 strain axes 291 sintering 128, 135 SkS.ne 299 Skr6ven granites 293 Slate Creek 217 slickenfibres 180, 185, 188, 265 slickenlines Apennine-Mahgrebide system 277, 279 Brevard Fault zone 263 Companion M61ange 177 End Glacial faults 298 Laxfordian 201,207 sandstones 47 on shear surfaces 172 Winterhouse Brook 180 slickensid

9 es 47, 59, 263 sliding friction, in mode
es 47, 59, 263 sliding friction, in modelling 69 Slioch 198, 203, 205, 207, 208 slip normals 177, 178 slip surfaces deformation bands 47 nucleation 59 Sm-Nd dating, Salmon River suture 216 smectite 85, 90 in bentonite 107 fluid pressures 87 in shales 106 snowballed 93, 96 smectite-illite transformation 38, 85, 103, 110 Snake River 223 Snowbank Mountain 224 solid solution 145 solid state transformation 110 Solkoberget 295 solution cleavage 175 Sorgenfrei-Tornquist zone 298, 299 displacements 300 South Atlantic, opening 250 Southern Alps, New Zealand 87, 97 splay duplex 118, 121,129 splay thrusts 119 spreading centre, Woodlark Basin 24 spreading rates, and deformation patterns 65 springs, warm 88, 97 Squaw Valley 225 Sr ratios 215, 217, 218 Stavershult 299 steady-state creep 57 Stoer Group 198 strain accommodation 149 strain ellipsoids, Sing6 289, 290 strain field, at transforms 73, 74 strain hardening 117, 144, 273, 284 strain localization and cleavage plain slip 151 and fault geometry 163 and melt segregation 309 and melting 305 and mineral domains 144 and pre-existing faults 284 to single faults 166 strain partitioning 261 strain softening 258, 302 strain weakening 273, 307 strength, and melt percentage 309 strength evolution 7 strength vs. shear strain curves 309 strength-depth relationship 307, 308 stress, Southern California 17-18 stress corrosion 57, 58 stress drops, and weak faults 167 stress orientation, southern California 14, 15, 19, 20 stress rotation 18 stress sensitivity 301 stress tensors 17 strike-slip boundaries, transforms 66 strike-slip faults Appalachian internides 265 Laxfordian 196, 198 Paganzo basin 241 reactivation 213 Salmon River 227 Sweden 299 transfer faults 249, 298 transpressional 261 strong faults 164 stylolites 128, 262, 276 subcritical crack growth 6 subduction, resistance to 3 suction pump effect 51, 58 Suretta nappe 320 suture zones, recognition 227 Svecokarelian orogeny 288, 293, 296 Sweden structural map 293 tectonic history 294 weak zones 287-304 swelling clays, growth of 95-96 SWEPOS army 298 syntectonic melt flow 315-318, 326 synthetic profile, Woodlark Basin 26, 27 Table Mountain 174, 180 map 181 Taconian structures 260 Tallulah Falls Formation 260 Tambo nappe 320 tangent lineations 178, 180, 183, 184, 186 Tauern Window 141 map 143 Taura Fault 214 TECTON program 68 tectonic fault systems 203 tectonic overpressure 315, 323 tectonic slices, Italy 273 tectonic surges 327 temperature models, transforms 71, 72 temperatures, transform systems 70 tensile

10 strength 315 Temi 274 termne docking 250
strength 315 Temi 274 termne docking 250 INDEX Tethys Ocean 274, 281 thermal bulges 325, 326 thermal pull-ups 250 thermal structure, transforms 70-72 thermal-deformation modelling 69-74 thrust faulting short cuts 246 Sierras de Ctrdoba 243 thrust ramps 113, 118, 280, 297 thrust sheets Brevard Fault Zone 261 deformation 115 thrust zones, microcracking 50 Timor Sea 157 fault evolution 160 fault maps 161 fault populations 163, 166 seismic section 159 Tintic Formation 121, 128, 133 Tollie 198, 201, 203, 205 Tornquist zone, seismic profile 299 Torridon Group 198 transfer boundary 280 transform domain 74 transform fault zones 65, 281 transform models 66, 75-77, 79 transform splitting 80 transform tectonized zone 65, 74 transform thinning 66 transforms leaky 80 velocity limits 80 transgranular cracks 128, 129, 130 transpression continental collision 265 dextral 227 flower structures 295, 297 transpression zones, escape 261 transpressional faults 278 transpressive shear 172 transtension and basin opening 248 dextral 198 sinistral 243 transtensional shear 172 Troodos ophiolite 38, 183 Trubi Formation 280 Los Tdneles 240 Turba, mylonites 322 turbidites Andes 235 Italy 275 Tyrrhenian Sea 274 U-Pb ages Brevard Fault Zone 260 Salmon River suture zone 217 Sierras de Ctrdoba 236 ultracataclasites Alpine Fault 89, 90 Canyon Range 124 Sierras Pampeanas 239, 240, 241 ultramylonites 240, 248, 289, 291 Umbria-Marche basin 274 stratigraphy 276 uplift, post-glacial 298, 299 Upper Payette Lake 225 Upper Schieferhiille 142 Valdez Creek tonalite 325 Valnerina Line 274-278, 281,283 structures 277, 278 vein cement 26 veins Alpine Fault 88 Companion M~lange 177 melt-induced 308, 309, 313, 317, 319, 320, 322, 326 Sweden 295 velocity gradients 172, 186, 187, 189 velocity limits, transforms 80 velocity profiles, transforms 73 velocity-age offset plot 80 Vema Deep 78 vermiculite 90 viscosity melts 306 plagioclase matrix 151 viscous creep 258 Vitberget 295 El Volc~in 240 volcanism, Andean 236 volumetric strain 51, 52, 59 Wallow terrane 218 weak faults 164, 166-168 weak zones, Sweden 287-304 levels 301 Weiser embayment 220, 222 West Mountain 225 West Orkney basin 198 Westerly granite, pressure and temperature effects 2 Whiteside Granite 260 Winterhouse Brook 180-184, 185, 188 structural elements 182 Woodlark Basin 23-41 cross-section 25 map 25 Woodlark Rise 24 Woods Island 175 wrench, Ancona-Anzio Line 282 wrench simple shear 261 X-ray diffraction, clay minerals 89, 103 X-ray texture goniometry 103, 104 Zentralgnei