and the Senior Year Mark Wilpolt MS Math Ed mwilpoltcsuchicoedu Early Assessment Program CSU Chico Research Question With regards to satisfying the CSU Entry Level Math requirement ID: 783234
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Slide1
Math Remediation , Course Sequence, and the Senior Year
Mark Wilpolt, M.S. Math Ed. mwilpolt@csuchico.eduEarly Assessment Program CSU Chico
Slide2Research Question
With regards to satisfying the CSU Entry Level Math requirement,Is there a significant difference between Chico State freshmen that stopped at Algebra 2 in high school and those that took up to Advanced Math?(Answer: “yes”)
Slide3Some Secondary Questions
What percentage of our applicants take a senior year math class, and does it make a difference in preparation?Are students doing better in math (meeting the ELM requirement) because they are moving onward from Algebra 2, or are students moving past Algebra 2 because they are doing better in math? Is “Statistics” as good as “Advanced math”?Are other variables like gender, ethnicity, GPA, geographic origin, factors in college readiness?
Is
there a course sequence that’s “the best” for college preparation in math?
Slide4Some Notes On Coursetaking
33% of U.S. students taking Precalculus or Calculus -up from 10.7% in 1982 (Planty 2007)Only 77% of U.S. students in 11th grade math in 2006 – (EdSource
2007)
Only 10 states require 4 years of math (2012)
California among lowest requirements nationwide: “at least two years…must meet or exceed to rigor of the content standards for Algebra I”(
CDE 2010)
Poorer students “attend
high schools that are much less likely to offer any math above Algebra 2 than schools serving students in the upper quintiles
“
(Adelman 2005)
Slide5What Are Our Students Taking?
- nine major course sequences(CSU Chico Fall 2010 freshmen n=1755)
23% did not go past Algebra 2
“
Advanced Math
”: Trig, Analytic Geometry, Algebra 3,
PreCalculus
, Trig/
PreCalc
, Analysis…
27% did not take math in grade 12
Slide6FTF 2010 Summary (All freshmen combined):
total
Math Ready
Remedial
% Remedial
Avg. ELM score
% Exempt
Alg. 2 in senior year
181
61
120
66.3%
40.4
12.7%
Alg.2 then no grade12 math
23210912353.0%42.526.7%Alg.2 then AP Stats44281636.4%4447.7%Alg.2 then Stats84543035.7%45.541.7%Advanced math in senior year49335913427.2%47.845.8%Advanced then no grade12 math2341746025.6%4555.6%Advanced then Statistics4334920.9%47.451.2%Advanced then AP Stats143130139.8%51.379.0%Calculus277261165.8%53.483.8% Alg. 2 then some other class1711635.3%49.135.3%Advanced then Some Other Class7700.0%7485.7% 1755123052730.0%45.249.9%
N
ine major course sequences:
Slide7Here’s a powerful picture that counselors, parents, administrators can use
Slide8Slide9Slide10Main Question
The students whose highest class was Advanced Math placed remedial at less than half the rate of those that stopped at Algebra2.
Slide11Gender
Females (32.5%) significantly more remedial than males (26.8%). Even wider gap statewide (42.7% vs. 25.4%). More females stopping at Algebra 2. ..More males moving on to Advanced math
…yet stopping at Algebra 2 seems to be an “equal opportunity” condition
Where % remedial is more than twice as much as “Advanced math”
Slide12Ethnicity
Hispanic: 31.3% remedial not significantly different from overall (30%) or from White (27.3%). Interestingly, almost the same percentages are taking Advanced mathBig difference statewide, though. (49.4% remedial vs. 35.5% overall )
White
% remedial
Hispanic
% remedial
Total Freshmen F2010
984
27.3%
412
31.3%
Highest math= Alg.2
23.2%
57.9%
26.7%
55%Highest math=Advanced67.8%23%65.3%24.5%Again, Alg. 2 remedial is more than twice as much as “Advanced math”
Slide13Is the senior year significant?
Students in senior year math have around 12.5% lower probability of remediation than those taking the senior year off. But this is not as significant as “going past Algebra2”
Slide14The “Algebra 2 about twice as likely to be remedial as Advanced math” is happening Regardless of Gender, Ethnicity or “whether it’s senior year”
Consistent with previous research:
Berry
, 2003 North Arkansas
College
Hoyt & Sorensen 2001, Utah Valley State
College
Fong 2008, Nevada State
Colleges
American College Testing
Inc
(ACT), 1993-2004 (
n=81,574)
Ford 2007 (CSU Chico)
Slide15Are the students moving past Algebra 2 “already” better at math?
Sophomores – No, not significantly better (except *)
H
ere are 88 students with a
lower
average grade, yet still moved on and were
less
remedial
We need to encourage lower performing students to keep going
T
hese 26 students stopped math in Grade 10?? We could discourage this
Slide16Are the students moving past Algebra 2 “already” better at math?
Grade 11 : Yes, the students that move on from Algebra 2 do have a significantly higher grade average than those that do not move on.
Slide17Are the students moving past Algebra 2 “already” better at math?
From Grade 10, the ones moving past Algebra 2 are not significantly “smarter” on average.In fact, many lower performing 10
th
graders that did move on ended up
better
prepared
From Grade 11, the ones moving on past Algebra 2 are already higher performing on average.
But
w
hat would happen if those lower performing juniors were still encouraged to move on?
Of 60 seniors that earned below C average in 12
th
grade Advanced math, only 38.3% placed remedial.
Those that didn’t move on from Algebra 2: 53% remedial Advanced math was hard, but it
helped
Slide18FTF 2010 Summary
(All freshmen combined):
total
% Remedial
95% CI for difference from highest math =Alg.2
p-value
Highest Class = Algebra 2
413
243(58.8%)
Alg.2 then AP Stats
44
16 (36.4%)
7.24% - 37.24%
0.0047
Alg.2 then Stats
8430 (35.7%)12.01% - 34.57%0.0001Advanced Math in senior year493134 (27.2%)25.26% - 37.58%<0.0001Advanced then no grade12 math23460 (25.6%)25.7% - 40.3%<0.0001
Advanced then Statistics
43
9 (20.9%)
23.11% - 50.19%
<0.0001
Advanced then AP Stats
143
13 (9.8%)
43.77% - 56.77%
<0.0001
Calculus
277
16 (5.8%)
47.31% - 58.33%
<0.0001
Is “Statistics” as good as “Advanced math”?
Coming from Algebra 2, math readiness significantly improved (though not as much as Advanced math).
Stats and AP Stats show about the same result (≈23% improvement from taking nothing after Algebra 2)
Advanced + AP Stats is a potent course sequence (thanks to ELM exemption granted by AP Exam)
Slide19Repeating Algebra 2
Good, if it’s in Grade 11 only 26.7% ended up remedial, even when taking no math in grade 12 They did significantly better than classmates taking Alg2 for first time and then no grade 12 math (55.4% remedial)
But 62.8% of those repeating Algebra 2 in grade 12 still ended up remedial.
Not significantly better than classmates taking Alg2 for first time in grade 12 (69.6% remedial)
Slide20Results Summary
For students stopping at Algebra 2, remediation is twice as likely as for those taking Advanced math - regardless of gender, ethnicity, geographic origin. Remediation likelihood decreases
for each additional math class past Alg. 2
2.
Females
need remediation more than males, especially the ones
from
our
local area
.
3. Ethnicity
seems to make a difference. Hispanics
small difference, Hmong big difference
Slide214. A Senior year math class is associated with a 12.5% decrease in remediation; but that is not as powerful an indicator as “going past Algebra 2”.
5. Statistics and AP Statistics have about the same association: both associated with reduction in remediation, but not as well as Advanced math6. The juniors that move onward past Algebra 2 are higher performing students; for sophomores, the evidence is not as strong
Slide22What Can We Take Away From This?
Students that are “on schedule” with their college prep mathematics classes (students that are taking Algebra 2 by their junior year) are not “done” preparing for college with that Algebra 2 class. They
need to continue on in their senior
year
.
CSU or UC preparedness
requires
successful completion of Algebra 1 in 9
th
grade
(
Alg
2 in 12th grade
= not prepared)It’s not about “taking senior year math” – It’s about “how far have we progressed by the senior year”
Slide23Counselors Can Help with
Take math past Algebra 2: remediation is twice as likely as those who don’t go beyond Algebra 2.Senior math ALWAYS better than no senior mathEven students who do poorly in Advanced math improve their chances greatly (36% vs. 59%)12 graders in Algebra2: study hard, get tutoring, test prep, ALEKS,…Scared of Calculus? Stats/AP Stats a great option
3-year
requirement fulfilled in grade
10? Please
don’t stop there! (61% remedial for those that did
)
Slide24Keep up the good work increasing Awareness that “getting into college” is not the same as “Getting ready for college”.
Keep up the good work increasing Awareness of college placement tests : only 40% of 11th graders knew CSU has placement tests (Conley 2005) Encourage, not discourage challenging courses, especially girls: Students are “discouraged” from taking challenging courses because of low expectations by teachers (Bamburg 1994, Russell 2008, Ali & Jenkins 2002)
Please tell
our high school students:
Advanced Math is not “what the smart kids do”. It’s “what you do to prepare for college”
Counselors Can Help with
Slide254 year math requirement? - 18
states will have it in 2013California state standards say math “expected” up to Algebra 2, but only Algebra 1 required to graduate (and CSU only requires Algebra 2 for admission)Students will respond to raised standards: 8th grade Alg.1 enrollment has increased by 41% in last 9 years (but BoE has just relaxed the 8th grade math policy
..)
Sa
n Jose 3 year requirement: “did not lead to more dropouts but greater achievement”: A-G enrollment from 30% to 47% in ten years . 2008 EAP college ready 23% (8% above avg.)
Students want it: 80% say “would have worked harder” had their school demanded it (Hart 2005)
Requiring 4 years would not “force” Advanced math but “nudge toward”
Slide26The Good News: Momentum
Math coursetaking is improving: Algebra 2 or above enrollment (Ca.): 44% of juniors (2007) to 51% (2011) 33% of U.S. students taking Precalc or Calculus (up from 10.7% in 1982) – 20 states require going to at least Algebra 2CSU Statewide remedial: 35
%
(2010)
33
%
(2011)
30
%
(
2012)
http://
www.asd.calstate.edu/performance/proficiency.shtml But It’s the 30% remedial we are worried about.
And most of them did not take Advanced math.