TSM 262 Spring 2016 LECTURE 16 Hay and Forage Harvesting II OffRoad Equipment Engineering Dept of Agricultural and Biological Engineering achansenillinoisedu Homework Lab and Technical Sessions ID: 794695
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Slide1
Off-Road Equipment ManagementTSM 262: Spring 2016
LECTURE 16: Hay and Forage Harvesting II Off-Road Equipment EngineeringDept of Agricultural and Biological Engineeringachansen@illinois.edu
Slide2Homework, Lab and Technical Sessions
Slide3Hay & Forage Harvesting: ObjectivesStudents should be able to:Identify and explain the processes involved in hay and forage harvestingUnderstand what type of equipment can be used for this type of harvestingCalculate power requirements for PTO-driven implements with particular reference to mowers
Slide4Functional Processes
CUT
Condition
Swath
Wilt
Wilt
Rake
Dry
Bale
Tran.
Chop
Transport
Store
Store
FORAGE
HAY
Windrow
Slide5BalingTwo types of balers in popular useRectangular (small and large)Round
Small square baler – New Holland
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLW2okLSdUs
Small square baler – John Deere
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THgZsrkUUO8&NR=1
Large square baler – New Holland
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15ExSQkxMnI
Slide6Bale SizesRectangularSmall14” x 18” x 36” (355 x 457 x 914 mm): 23-36 kg16” x 18” x 36” (406 x 457 x 914 mm): 32-41 kg
Large3’ x 3’ x 3’ (0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 m): 385 kg3’ x 4’ x 6’ (0.9 x 1.2 x 1.8 m): 510 kg4’ x 4’ x 8’ (1.2 x 1.2 x 2.4 m): 907 kgRoundWt: 340 – 1000 kg
Up to 2 m diameter
Up to 1.7 m wide
Slide7Square BalerStuffer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HRFwjkCXuM&feature=relmfu Knotter: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDAmQXdTwXs&NR=1
Slide8Round BalerForming the core of the bale - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8uRXhomhJA&NR=1
Round Baler - Variable Geometry/Chamber
Round Baler - Fixed Geometry
Slide9Round BalerFinished bale formation - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xb7oAHNuhws&NR=1 Crop cutter - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miJwDWR_1HQ&feature=relmfu Complete baling process - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBcUME026w0&feature=related
Slide10AdjustmentsSensitivity to feed rate (forward speed)Ensure even feeding into bale chamberBale densityAdjust sides of rectangular bale chamberBale tyingType of twine – refer to ASAE Standard S315.3: classification according to material, knot strength and minimum tensile strengthPickup height
Slide11Functional Processes
CUT
Condition
Windrow
Swath
Wilt
Wilt
Rake
Dry
Bale
Tran.
Chop
Transport
Store
Store
FORAGE
HAY
Slide12ChoppingTwo typesPrecision cutNon-precision cuthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5D-Z_d-u-ghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMnwzbxO-FQ
Slide13Forage Harvester Power Requirement
Pfh = Forage harvester power requirementPc=chopping power
Pf=power absorbed from frictionPaccel=power to accelerate foragePair=power to move airP
h
=power consumed by header
Slide14Forage Harvester Power Requirement
Chopping
Power
Power
Absorbed
From friction
Power to
accelerate
forage
Power to
air
Power
Consumed
By header
Slide15Power RequirementsEP496.3 section 4.1.2PTO power required by implementPpto=a + bw
+ cFPpto = PTO power required by implement (kW)w = implement working width (m)F = material feed rate (Mg/h)a, b, c = machine specific parameters from ASAE D497.7 Table 2
Slide16Harvesting ProductivityApprox. 30-35 kW required to operate tractor and implement separate from cutting and conditioning biomassHigher travel speeds generate a higher proportion of useful work relative to baseline power input
Tractor should operate as higher travel speed as possible subject to maintaining quality of cut cropMiscanthus
Slide17Power RequirementsASAE Data D497.7 (Table 2)Compare mowersCutterbar mower, 1.2 kW/mDisk mower, 5.0 kW/m
Flail mower, 10.0 kW/mReasons for differences?impact cuttingair pumping done by rotorCompare mower-conditioners
Slide18Power Requirement for Rotary MowerMuch higher than for sickle bar forage not only cut but also accelerated by knives during impactNIAE suggest following equation:
P
mt
= (P
Ls
+ E
sc
·v
f
) w
c
where
P
mt
= total PTO power to mower (kW)P
Ls = specific power losses due to air, stubble and gear train friction (kW/m of width, 1.5< PLs
<4)Esc = specific cutting energy (kJ/m2), 1.5< Esc <2.1wc = width of mower (m)
Disk Mower
Drum-Type Mower
Sharp blade
Worn blade
Slide19Disk Mower vs Drum Mower
Disk Mower
Drum-Type Mower
Slide20Example ProblemConsider a disk-type rotary mower that has six disks, each cutting a 0.4 m width. The mower is traveling at 15 km/h. Stating other assumptions:Estimate PTO power requirement if the blades are sharpEstimate PTO power requirement for same mower after blades become worn
Slide21SolutionGiven:Mower with 6 disks at 0.4m per diskTotal width, wc = 6 x 0.4 = 2.4 mTravel speed, vf = 15 km/h = 15/3.6 = 4.2 m/s
AssumptionsPower losses for disk mower, PLs = 1.5 kW/mSpecific cutting energy (sharp), Esc = 1.5 kJ/m2Specific cutting energy (blunt), Esc = 2.1 kJ/m2P
mt = (PLs + Esc·vf) wc
Slide22Solution(a) Pmt = (PLs + Esc·vf) wc
Pmt = (1.5 + 1.5·4.2)·2.4 = 19 kWFor sharp blades(b) Pmt = (PLs + Esc·vf) wc
Pmt = (1.5 + 2.1·4.2)·2.4 = 25 kWFor blunt bladesThis is a 100*(25-19)/19 = 32% increase!