THE PRODUCTION OF FLOWER CUTTINGS IN KENYA Magdalene Wanza and Dr Maina Mwangi Department of Agricultural Science and technology Kenyatta University P O Box 4384400100 Nairobi Kenya ID: 808690
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Slide1
MANAGEMENT OF CROWN GALL DISEASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOWER CUTTINGS IN KENYA
Magdalene Wanza and Dr. Maina MwangiDepartment of Agricultural Science and technology, Kenyatta University, P. O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
2
nd
Phytosanitary conference ,KEPHIS headquarters, Nairobi
4
th
-8
th
June,2018.
Slide2IntroductionHorticulture sub-sector is one of the top foreign exchange earners. The growth rate averages 15-20% per annum (FPEAK, 2015).Flowers accounted for 69.8% of the value of horticulture exports (KNBS,2017).Flowers produced in Kenya are marketed as Cut flowers, e.g roses or flower cuttings mainly in Europe.
Flower cuttings constitute a variety of different flowers: -Chrysanthemum -Argyranthemums - Leucanthemums
- Poinsettias
- Pelargoniums
Slide3Plant Diseases are among the serious challenges to the agricultural sector in Kenya. Crown gall is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It is the most widely distributed bacterial disease of plants in the world (Hudelson and Joy,2005).
It affects more than 100 species of fruit crops, woody and herbaceous ornamentals.Induces galls, reduces yield, destroys vascular tissues, causes dieback or plant death. It reduces the marketability of nursery stock (Deacon, 2015
).
In Kenya, it is a major threat to
roses
, Chrysanthemums, Argyranthemums,
Leucanthemums
etc
Crown
gall was introduced in 1998 through infected rose root stock from Israel. Currently it is widely spread in nurseries, commercial production areas and in uncultivated fields
Crown gall disease
Slide4Infected plantsRose flower plant showing chlorotic symptomsInfected mother plants for production of flower cuttings
Slide5More infected plants
Slide6Management of crown gallProducers have tried various management strategies against the disease (KFC,2011). Prevention of inoculum introduction, Use of nursery stock free of galls near the crown, Sterilization of propagation substrate with chemicals
, heat or antibiotics (KEPHIS, 2017).Use of bio-pesticide based products such as neem oil that have temporarily managed Crown gall(Kado, 2002).
Use of AB
spray
composed of vegetable
soap, essential oils and fermented plant extracts has been used for
coating and drying galls in roses (
Kado, 2002).
Slide7Cont.Biological control has been tried with Agrobacterium radiobacter (Farrand, 1990). Copper based compounds have been used with temporal effect (Judith,2010). Dipping of seedlings in a bactericide at transplanting, e.g. Use
of Creosote-based compounds strong oxidants such as Sodium hypochlorite is ineffective (Burr,2004). Antibiotics and Copper bactericides
can kill the bacterium on contact,
…but they
do not penetrate
plant tissues to
come
into contact with bacteria residing
endophytically
(Burr, 2004).
Slide8Challenge Crown gall remains a major challenge in East Africa (Maina et al, 2011). Limited research done on effectiveness of various management strategies.Chemicals largely avoided due to health and environmental concerns
health risks resulting from occupational exposure residues on food Pollution of drinking water (Damalas
and Ilias
, 2011).
Better
management strategy
with less pesticides use
needed.
Slide9Ongoing researchElectro-chemical activated water, commonly abbreviated as ECA waterECA is a concentrated solution that has many disinfecting propertiesOzone, chlorine, hypochlorous acid and other biocidal agents that kill crop pathogens ECA water is
harmless to the environment Proven wide target range: bacteria, root and fungal diseases, viruses and biofilm.
Rheum
officinale
composed
bio-pesticide
that manages fungal and bacterial diseases
Foliar application solution containing colloidal copper
.
Copper oxychloride contains 50% metallic Copper. Mode of action is contact.Vegetable oil. Manages agrobacterium by suffocation.
Slide10THANK YOU