Forms naturally Not formed by living things Has a crystal shape Has a chemical composition What are minerals made of Elements and Compounds 8 elements make up 985 of the crust Two most abundant elements ID: 1026676
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "What is a mineral? Solid" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1.
2.
3. What is a mineral?SolidForms naturallyNot formed by living thingsHas a crystal shapeHas a chemical composition
4.
5.
6. What are minerals made of?Elements and Compounds8 elements make up 98.5% of the crust.Two most abundant elementsOxygen and SiliconNative elements – made of 1 element
7. Eight most common elements46.6% Oxygen (O)27.7% Silicon (Si)8.1% Aluminum (Al)5.0% Iron (Fe)3.6% Calcium (Ca)2.8% Sodium (Na)2.6% Potassium (K)2.1% Magnesium (Mg)
8.
9. How minerals formForms from molten material from the Earth.Cooling determines grain size.Forms through evaporation processHalite – SaltOther minerals can be changed into different minerals by:HeatPressureChemical action
10. Nonsilicate Mineral GroupsOxides – elements with oxygen.Sulfides – elements with sulfur.Halites – elements combine with chlorine, iodine, bromine, or fluorine.Carbonates – compounds with carbon and oxygen.Sulfates – compounds with sulfur and oxygen.
11. Mineral UsesUsually not the mineral itself, but the ore of the elements in the mineral contains the value.Ore – minerals from which useful material can be extracted at a profit.Mineral not used for profit called gangue.
12. Physical PropertiesColor – first and most easily observed, least usefulCrystal shape – arrangement of atoms that form a mineralStreak – color of a mineral’s powder Cleavage – mineral that breaks on a flat surface.Fracture – mineral that breaks on an uneven (jagged) surface.
13. Physical Properties (cont.)Acid Test – mineral reacts to HCl (hydrochloric acid) indicates that it is a carbonate – made of carbon and oxygenHardness – measure of how easy a mineral can be scratched. Scale 1-10Talc=1Diamond=10Specific Gravity – ratio of the weight of a mineral to the equal weight of an equal volume of water.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. Other special propertiesMagnetismFluorescence – glow under a UV light.Phosphorescence – will continue to glow after the lights are off.Double Refraction – bending of light rays, produces a double image.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. Uses of mineralsGems – are highly prized minerals like diamond, rubies, opals, topaz, and other birth stones.Ores – a useful substance mined for a profitBauxite – ore of aluminum
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39. Galena
40. Pyrite
41. Calcite
42. Halite
43. Gypsum
44. Magnetite
45.
46. Feldspar
47.
48.
49. Sulfur
50. Muscovite
51. Muscovite
52.
53.