Four months elapsed between the election and FDR taking office Worked with his advisors the Brain Trust on new policies that came to collectively be called the New Deal Policies focused on 3 goals ID: 791041
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Slide1
The New Deal
Ch.15
Slide2Slide3Slide4Roosevelt’s New Deal
Four months elapsed between the election and FDR taking office
Worked with his advisors, the Brain Trust, on new policies that came to collectively be called the New Deal
Policies focused on 3 goals
Relief, recovery, and reform
Hundred Days
Congress passed legislation that expanded the government’s role in the economy
Bank Holiday- all banks were closed and only those that could repay their loans were opened
Slide5Roosevelt’s New Deal
Fireside
Chats
Radio
chats about issues of public concern
Banking and Finance Regulation
Glass-
Steagall
Act (1933) established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Federal Securities Act (1933)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Slide6Slide7Helping the American People
Rural Assistance
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) sought to raise crop prices by lowering production
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) renovated existing dams and built 20 new ones which provided jobs, flood control, and hydroelectric power to the region
Works Projects
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- built roads, parks, planted trees, worked on soil-erosion and flood-control projects
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)- constructed schools and other community buildings
Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11Slide12Slide13Helping the American People
Promoting Fair Practices
Codes limited production and established prices
Workers could unionize and bargain collectively
Food, Clothing, and Shelter
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) provided direct relief for the needy and work relief programs
Slide14New Deal Under Attack
Deficit Spending
Spending more money than the government was taking in revenues
Roosevelt regarded it as a necessary evil
The New Deal did not end the Great Depression
Liberal critics said that FDR did not go far enough
Conservative critics said FDR was trying to socialize the economy
Slide15New Deal Under Attack
Supreme Court Reacts
1935 NIRA & 1936 AAA declared unconstitutional
Court-packing Bill
FDR wanted to add more judges to the Supreme Court because he thought the current ones were going to undo the New Deal
American Liberty League
Conservative New Deal critics who opposed legislation they believed violated individual rights and property rights
Slide16Fiery Critics
Father Charles Coughlin
Roman Catholic priest; favored a guaranteed income and nationalization of banks
Dr. Francis Townsend
Believed Roosevelt wasn’t doing enough to help the poor and elderly
Huey Long
Senator from Louisiana who proposed Share-Our –Wealth to guarantee a home, food, clothing, and education
Assassinated in 1935
Slide17Slide18Reform and Stalemate
Roosevelt Recession (1937-1938)
Industrial output increased to 1929 levels and unemployment was at 14% so FDR cut back on government spending
Congress then cut the WPA’s funding and the Federal Reserve raised interest rates
Keynesian Economics
British economist John Maynard Keynes argued that government intervention could smooth out the highs and lows of the capitalist economy
“pump priming”- deficit spending and manipulation of interest rates to regulate money supply
Slide19Rise of Labor
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Organized skilled workers by craft
Congress of Industrial Organizations(CIO)
Led by John L. Lewis
Broke off from AFL to organize non-skilled laborers
Slide20Slide21Slide22Minorities in the New Deal
Women in Government
Frances
Perkins- Sec. of Labor
Eleanor Roosevelt- held press conferences for female journalists and traveled the country
Black Americans
Last hired, first fired
Little support from the president
Mary McLeod Bethune
Established the Federal Council of Negro Affairs
Indian Reorganization Act (1934)
Repealed Dawes Act and returned land to tribal control
Slide23Minorities in the New Deal
Mexicans and Asians
Mexicans living in major western cities received better treatment than in small towns
Overall, the Mexican population declined as many went to Mexico
20% of Japanese immigrants went back to Japan
Chinese were excluded from most federal programs because they were still not allowed to become citizens
Slide24New Deal Arts
Federal Art Project
Gave work for many young artists to create “art for the millions”
Federal Music Project
Government-sponsored orchestras; cataloged folk songs
Federal Writers Project
Collected oral histories; published state guidebooks
Federal Theater Project
Produced plays for the masses that were socially critical
Slide25Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Legacies of the New Deal
Bureaucracy
Foundations of a social welfare state
Government intervention
Slide30Discussion Questions
Pick one of the following to answer
How did Franklin Roosevelt change the role of the federal government?
How successful do you think Roosevelt was as a president?
How did the lives of minorities’ change during the Great Depression?