This training material presents very important pertinent information It should not be assumed however that this program satisfies every legal requirement of every state Some states require the training be developed and delivered by an individual with specific training and experience ID: 1000510
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1. Fire Extinguisher Use
2. DISCLAIMERThis training material presents very important, pertinent information. It should not be assumed, however, that this program satisfies every legal requirement of every state. Some states require the training be developed and delivered by an individual with specific training and experience.This training is AWARENESS LEVEL and does not authorize any person to perform work or validate their level of competency; it must be supplemented with operation and process-specific assessments and training, as well as management oversight, to assure that all training is understood and followed. Your organization must do an evaluation of all exposures and applicable codes and regulations. In addition, establish proper controls, training, and protective measures to effectively control exposures and assure compliance. This program is neither a determination that the conditions and practices of your organization are safe, nor a warranty that reliance upon this program will prevent accidents and losses or satisfy local, state, or federal regulations. How to Use this PresentationThis presentation contains base material for use in an instructor-led training setting. You may modify this presentation to satisfy the specific training needs of your organization. On some slides, the display text is supplemented with additional material in the slide notes.This content is licensed for modification and use in a classroom setting. You may not redistribute this material in any form. Introduction
3. IntroductionFire is a potential threat in nearly every industry or environment. Fire kills hundreds and injures thousands.When trained to use fire extinguishers, you can save lives. Fire extinguishers are not appropriate or safe for every situation. IntroductionTopics:Extinguisher selectionExtinguisher useWhen to evacuate
4. IntroductionCourse OverviewThe Science of FireFire ClassesPreparationRisk AssessmentThe PASS System
5. The Science of FireWhat you need to know:The stages of fireWhat is required for sustained combustion and extinguishment1
6. Stage 1Incipient stage:The fire ignites and slowly begins to spread. At this stage, smoke and heat are minimal.Portable extinguishers should only be used in this stage.Different fuel sources progress through the stages at different speeds. 1 The Science of Fire*
7. Stage 2Free burn stage:Flames and smoke expand rapidly. At this stage, the heat is too intense to approach the fire. Evacuate immediately!Do not attempt to extinguish fires in this stage.1 The Science of Fire!
8. Stage 3Smoldering stage:This is the final stage. Oxygen and the fuel supply are depleted, but the fire is capable of flaring up. Do not re-enter the area during this time.1 The Science of Fire
9. The Fire TriangleFire’s chemical reaction results from the combination of three elements:Heat (or another ignition source)OxygenFuelThe fire triangle illustrates the concept of three elements. 1 The Science of Fire
10. The Fire TriangleAll three elements are necessary for ignition and sustained combustion. Keeping these elements separate is an important part of fire prevention. Removing any element can extinguish a fire. For example, you can:Cool the fuel source.Remove the fuel source.Displace the oxygen.1 The Science of Fire
11. Heat or IgnitionAny material, equipment, or operation that produces heat, sparks, or flames can be an ignition source for fire.Example sources:TorchesGrinding operationsStatic electricityStovetopsEngines or engine components1 The Science of Fire
12. OxygenOxygen is obtained from ambient air or may be contained in certain materials (oxidizers). Fire can still be a threat in oxygen-deficient environments. 1 The Science of Fire
13. FuelFuel sources come in a variety of forms. Examples:Combustible solids:WoodPaperCombustible metalsFlammable liquids:GasolineSolventsCooking oilFlammable gases:Natural gasPropane1 The Science of Fire
14. Fire ClassesWhat you need to know:Classes of fireSpecialized extinguishers for each class2
15. Class A—Ordinary CombustiblesExample fuels:PaperClothWoodRubberCertain plasticsFire extinguishers for class A fires:Air-pressurized water (APW) extinguishers, also known as water cansMulti-purpose (ABC) extinguishers 2 Fire Classes
16. *Class A—Ordinary CombustiblesAPW extinguisher warnings:Do not use these extinguishers on class B (flammable liquid) fires, as they may cause the fire to spread.Do not use these extinguishers on class C (electrical) fires, unless the target equipment has been de-energized.APW extinguishers are usually silver containers.2 Fire Classes
17. Class B—Flammable and Combustible LiquidsExample fuels:OilGasolinePaintSolventsAlcohol-based liquidsFire extinguishers for class B fires:Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishersMulti-purpose (ABC) extinguishers2 Fire Classes
18. Class B—Flammable and Combustible LiquidsCO2 extinguisher description:It uses pressurized CO2 gas to displace oxygen. It has large, funnel-shaped nozzles and no pressure gauge.CO2 extinguisher warnings:Do not use it on class A fires, as the fire may re-ignite after the gas dissipates.Do not use it in a confined space where people are present.2 Fire Classes
19. *Class C—Energized Electrical EquipmentExample fuels:Wiring Fuse boxes ComputersRegardless of the cause, any fire involving energized equipment is considered class C.Fire extinguishers for class C fires:Dry chemical extinguishersMulti-purpose (ABC) extinguishersCO2 extinguishers2 Fire Classes
20. Class C—Energized Electrical EquipmentDry chemical extinguishers:The extinguishing agent is a fire retardant powder that cuts off the oxygen supply when applied to the fuel.Other extinguishers:Extinguishers rated for both B and C fires or A, B, and C fires are common.However, do not assume that all class C extinguishers are rated for A and B. Check the rating of your extinguisher and only use it on a fire if it is properly rated for that fire’s class. 2 Fire Classes
21. Class D—Combustible MetalsExample fuels:MagnesiumTitaniumPotassiumSodiumMetal in batteriesMetal in vehicle engines and manufacturingFire extinguishers for class D fires:Fire extinguishers labeled “D”2 Fire Classes
22. Class D—Combustible MetalsClass D extinguisher description:The extinguishing agents stop fires by smothering the fuel or by dissipating heat. Common agents include sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, copper, and graphite.Class D extinguisher warnings:Multiple types of class D extinguishers exist, specialized by various metal sources. Make sure you have the right extinguisher for the metal.2 Fire Classes
23. Class K—Combustible Cooking FluidsExample fuels:Cooking greases Cooking oilsFryer oilAnimal fatsVegetable fatsNever use class A or B extinguishers when dealing with a class K fire.Fire extinguishers for class K fires:Wet or dry chemical (class K) extinguishers2 Fire Classes
24. Some agents may be electrically conductive. Before use, make sure that power has been shut off for any target appliances.!Class K—Combustible Cooking FluidsClass K extinguisher description:It is specifically designed for use in restaurant kitchens in conjunction with commercial range hoods and fire suppression systems. A class K extinguisher can use either wet or dry extinguishing agents. 2 Fire Classes
25. PreparationWhat you need to know:Emergency proceduresTrainingEvacuation routesInspection and maintenance3
26. Emergency ProceduresYour organization must have emergency procedures for what to do in the event of a fire and must provide staff training for the following steps:Activation of the fire alarmCalling 911Extinguisher use and safety protocolsEvacuation and evacuation assistanceThe specific order of steps will depend on the situation.3 Preparation*
27. TrainingBest practices dictate that training is provided to all employees with access to fire extinguishers. The following training is recommended:General principles of fire extinguisher useThe hazards of fire extinguishmentThe limitations of fire extinguishersHands-on practice in the operation of the equipmentEmergency procedures3 Preparation
28. PlacementFire extinguishers must be readily available and strategically positioned. The number and type of extinguishers required varies based on the classification of fires likely to be encountered.Class A: Employees should not have to travel more than 75 feet to reach an extinguisher.Class B: Employees should not have to travel more than 50 feet to reach an extinguisher.Class C: The spacing is based on class A or B requirements.Class D: Extinguishers should be within 75 feet of the hazard.Class K: Employees should not have to travel more than 30 feet to reach an extinguisher.3 Preparation
29. Evacuation RoutesOrganizations must establish and map evacuation routes. They must be posted in an easily visible location. Evacuation maps must include the following locations:A safe zone for assembling, where a headcount can be takenEmergency exitsFire extinguishersFirst aid kits3 Preparation
30. *Inspection and MaintenanceMonthly inspections:A qualified person within the organization must inspect fire extinguishers monthly to assure the following:The pressure gauge indicates the extinguisher is full.The locking pin is securely in place.Legible operating instructions are attached to the extinguisher.There is no physical damage, e.g., corrosion, cracking, leakage, or dents.Annual maintenance checks:Extinguishers must be serviced by an approved technician.The extinguisher should be properly tagged with maintenance details and date.In addition, service extinguishers after each discharge. 3 Preparation
31. Risk AssessmentWhat you need to know:Methods to size up threat4
32. OverviewPrior to using an extinguisher, perform a quick assessment of the fire.Assess the following:Fuel typeExtinguisher typeFire sizeAtmosphere Evacuation route4 Risk Assessment
33. !Matching Fuel with EquipmentFor fires that involve specific chemicals, refer to the safety data sheets (SDSs).You do not know what the fuel is.You do not have the appropriate equipment for the fuel. Do not attempt to extinguish the fire if:4 Risk Assessment
34. Fire GrowthFire can spread and intensify in an instant.Do not attempt to extinguish the fire if:The fire is rapidly spreading beyond the ability to easily extinguish.The safest fires to extinguish are:Limited to the original material ignited.Contained, such as in a waste basket.4 Risk Assessment!
35. Fire SizeAttempting to extinguish even a small fire carries some risk.Do not attempt to extinguish the fire if:The fire reaches higher than your head. The source of the fire is located above your head. The fire covers more than 40 square feet.The fire is partially hidden behind a wall or ceiling.The fire cannot be reached from a standing position.4 Risk Assessment!
36. Heat and SmokeDo not attempt to extinguish the fire if:Excessive heat is felt on exposed skin, making it difficult to approach within the effective range of the extinguisher. Smoke is filling the room and decreasing visibility. Smoke interferes with breathing.Crawling on the floor is necessary.The smoke may be toxic.4 Risk Assessment
37. Heat and SmokeThe dangers of smoke:Most fire fatalities are due to smoke inhalation, not burns. Smoke can produce an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Gases from some materials can be fatal even in very small amounts.4 Risk Assessment
38. *The Evacuation RouteAlways position yourself with an exit or means of escape behind you.Do not attempt to extinguish the fire if:Fire, heat, or smoke is starting to block the evacuation route or looks like it soon could. 4 Risk Assessment!In case of evacuation, keep the fire extinguisher with you to protect the evacuation route.
39. Additional ConsiderationsYou are not sure whether the fire is safe to extinguish.You are uncertain in your ability to extinguish the fire. Do not attempt to extinguish the fire if:4 Risk Assessment
40. Scenario 1Oil-soaked rags in a garage, stored in a tightly-contained can, slowly produce heat and spontaneously combust. You notice the fire before it has spread to outside materials and generated excessive smoke. You have the appropriate extinguisher. What do you do?Choose one of the options below. 4 Risk Assessment
41. Scenario 2A portable heater catches a curtain on fire. The flames race up the curtain to eye level, and the synthetic material generates thick black smoke. You have the appropriate extinguisher. What do you do? Choose one of the options below. 4 Risk Assessment
42. Scenario 3You notice a small portion of the wall on fire near a charred electrical outlet. Flames are at a minimum. The air is still clear, but the area is actively producing light smoke. You have the appropriate extinguisher. What do you do? Choose one of the options below. 4 Risk Assessment
43. Scenario 4A grease fire has a started in an industrial kitchen. You notice that the fire is contained. You feel the kitchen temperature starting to rise, and notice smoke accumulating on the ceiling. You have a class K extinguisher. What do you do?Choose one of the options below. 4 Risk Assessment
44. Risk AssessmentWhat you need to know:The P.A.S.S. technique5
45. PullPull the pin.5 The P.A.S.S. Technique
46. AimKeeping at least 8 – 10 feet away from the fire, aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, towards the fuel source. Do not aim directly at the flames because the extinguishing agent will pass right through the flames and will not extinguish the fire.Aim at the base of the fire.5 The P.A.S.S. Technique
47. SqueezeSqueeze the handle. 5 The P.A.S.S. Technique
48. SweepSweep from side to side, covering the fuel with the extinguishing agent until the fire is completely out.Sweep side to side. 5 The P.A.S.S. Technique
49. SummaryThe incipient phase is the safest time to use the fire extinguisher.Removal of either heat, fuel, or oxygen extinguishes the fire.Identify the class of fire. Assess the fire’s size and the safety of the atmosphere. Keep an open evacuation route. Use the P.A.S.S. technique.5 Finish