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The biology of cooperation and The biology of cooperation and

The biology of cooperation and - PowerPoint Presentation

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The biology of cooperation and - PPT Presentation

deceit Prof dr Liesbeth Sterck Animal Ecology UU Ethology Research BPRC Trust Nature in tooth and claw Monkey business Sly as a fox Cooperation in theory Evolution on level individual ID: 777230

kin cooperation sterck group cooperation kin group sterck benefit altruism living matings females scratch males inequity competition primates simultaneous

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Slide1

The biology of cooperation and deceit

Prof dr Liesbeth SterckAnimal Ecology, UUEthology Research, BPRC

Slide2

Trust

Slide3

Nature in tooth and claw

Monkey business

Sly as a fox

Slide4

Cooperation in theoryEvolution on level individual

Altruism: benefit for other, costs for individualProblem with cheaters

Slide5

Cooperation in theory

Mutualism: simultaneous exchange of benefitsAltruism: donor incurs cost; recipient benefitsKin selectionReciprocal altruismIndirect reciprocity

Slide6

Kin selection (Hamilton 1964)

Altruism when:C < r*BCosts < relatedness * Benefits

r

=1/2

r

=1/4

Slide7

Kin selection (Hamilton 1964)

C < r*B

Slide8

Animals can be nice to kin

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2B1AJ3ZaUA

Cooperation with non-kin?

Slide9

Reciprocal altruism (Trivers 1971)

‘If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours’Non-kinNot simultaneous

Slide10

Reciprocal altruism (Trivers 1971)

‘If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours’Non-kinNot simultaneousRepeated encountersIndividual recognition,

e.g. in a group

Slide11

Indirect reciprocity (Nowak & Sigmund 2005)

‘Wie goed doet, goed ontmoet

Non-kin

Not simultaneous

Provider of benefit

Receives benefit

 reputation building

Slide12

Humans

Humans are a group-living species

Family / kin

Friends / acquaintances / colleagues

Yet also

-- Warfare

Slide13

Cooperation and competition

Why do primates live in groups?

Slide14

Group living: advantages

Warning against predators

(

van

Schaik

1989)

Slide15

Group living:

disadvantages

Competition

(

Wrangham

1980; Sterck

et al.

1997}

Males:

Matings

Females:

Food

Slide16

Group living:

advantages

Infanticide avoidance

(Sugiyama 1965; 1966;

Hrdy

1977; Sterck et al.

1997)

Slide17

Balance in costs and benefits

Protection against

predators and

infanticide

Competition

Primate peculiarity:

groups contain

b

oth females and males

Slide18

Cooperation and cheating

How do primates live in groups?

Slide19

Primate cooperation and cheating

Do they take benefit others into account?Other-regarding preferencesCheating in group membersInequity aversionYerkes 1930’s:

http://

www.youtube.com

/

watch?v

=zrv91Pa3jgs

Slide20

Cooperation:

pro-social behaviour

Do primates bestow other a favor

?

(Massen, vd Berg, Spruijt en Sterck 2010: PlosOne

5(3): e9734)

20

Slide21

To kin

To high-ranking animals

(Massen, vd Berg, Spruijt en Sterck 2010: PlosOne

5(3): e9734)

Bestow

Withhold

Neutral

High rank

Low rank

21

Cooperation

: pro-social

behaviour

Slide22

Tactical deception

Manipulate knowledge others?

Slide23

Tactical deception

Manipulate others?

Sexual

behaviour

: opposed interests

Alpha-male: monopolize

matings

Other males want to mate as well

Females: paternity illusion / - chance

Slide24

Promiscuity macaques

(

Overduin

– de

Vries

, Sterck et al.

2012; 2013)

m

Females

Males

Slide25

Less mating in presence dominant male

Sneaky

matings

(

Overduin

– de

Vries

, Sterck et al.

2012; 2013)

Matings

(number/ hour)

Slide26

Slim: stiekem seks

achter muurtje?

Slide27

Slim: stiekem seks

achter muurtje?

987

6

8

Slide28

Inequity Aversion

"Inequity exists for a person whenever his perceived job inputs and/or outcomes stand psychologically in an obverse relation to what he perceives are the inputs and/or outcomes of another"

(

Festinger

1957)

28

Slide29

Inequity Aversion

(

Brosnan

& de Waal 2003)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSryJXDpZo

capuchin monkey refuses food

29

Slide30

Nature in tooth and claw?

Monkey business

Sly as a fox

Slide31

Care and friendshipC <

r*B

Slide32

Conclusion

Deceit kept in limits: otherwise no cooperationBalance between own benefit and group benefitTrust and friendship crucial for cooperation

Slide33

Thank you