Abdullah Refal Fagieha Tayf Alahmadi Naelah Fallatah Group 3 Shahad Alzahrani Waad Alrehaili Soft capsules Capsules are solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and inert substances are enclosed within a small shell of gelatin Gelatin capsule shells may be hard ID: 999964
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1. Soft capsulesGroup 2Lamya AbdullahRefal FagiehaTayf AlahmadiNaelah FallatahGroup 3Shahad AlzahraniWaad Alrehaili
2. Soft capsules :Capsules : are solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and inert substances are enclosed within a small shell of gelatin. Gelatin capsule shells may be hard or soft depending on their composition. soft capsules : is a type of capsule that is usually used to contain medicine in the form of liquid or powder, and which dissolve more quickly than a hard gelatin capsule , Soft gelatin capsules dissolve readily in the gastric juices of the stomach, and may work faster than other capsules.Why??https://consumerhealth.catalent.com/index.php/offerings/A-Z-Offerings/Vegicaps-R-plant-based-capsules
3. Is dissolved quickly in stomach acid, and the medicine inside is immediately released into the bloodstream.https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/open-capsule-pill-icon-cartoon-style-vector-16251937
4. Uses of soft-gelatin capsulesSoft gelatin capsules are prepared to contain a variety of liquid , past , and dry fills . Liquids that may be encapsulated into soft gelatin capsules include the following :
5. Uses of soft-gelatin capsules Water-immiscible volatile and nonvolatile liquids such as vegetable and aromatic oils, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethers, esters, alcohols, and organic acids. Water-miscible nonvolatile liquids, such as polyethylene glycols, and nonionic surface-active agents, such as polysorbate 80.Also Water-miscible are relatively nonvolatile compounds such as propylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol, depending on factors such as concentration used and packaging conditions.
6. Uses of soft-gelatin capsulesLiquids that can easily migrate through the capsule shell are not suitable for soft gelatin capsules. These materials include water above 5% and low–molecular-weight water-soluble and volatile organic compounds such as alcohols, ketones, acids, amines, and esters.Solids may be encapsulated into soft gelatin capsules as solutions in a suitable liquid solvent, suspensions, dry powders, granules, pellets, or small tablets.
7. The advantages of soft gelatin capsule :-available in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. - easy to swallow.-have the ability to mask odors and unpleasant tastes-have an elegant appearance-readily dissolve in the gastric juices of the digestive tract.-Improved bioavailability.-Dosage Accuracy. Uniformity and precision dosagehttps://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/gelatin_capsule.html?sti=lcfxzr4beafqmlixdm|&mediapopup=81015853
8. The disadvantages of soft gelatin capsule :-water soluble material are difficult to incorporate.-Efflorescent material can not be incorporated, they may cause softening/leaching.-Deliquescent materials cannot be incorporated. They may cause hardening or brittle capsule. -More Costly. -Highly moisture sensitive. Gelatin is extremely water soluble, which helps it dissolve in the body.https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/soft_capsule.html?imgtype=0&start=100&sti=n2r893u05sg3atichp|&mediapopup=93834532
9. Route of adminstraton:
10. Pharmaceuticals Applications :- as an oral dosage form.- as a suppository dosage form.- as a specialty package in tube form, for human and veterinary use, single dose application for topical, ophthalmic, and rectal ointments.https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQp_tFpzFQ_p-MqDY1PmPKLGv9HBTM-xKgXjT6iWsTw5p6Jnjzkgw
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12. Component of Gelatin Shell :Typical softgel shells are made up of gelatin, plasticizer , water, and materials that impart the desired appearance (colourants and/or opacifiers), and sometimes flavours. Soft gelatin capsules, which contain more moisture than hard capsules, may have a preservative, such as methylparaben and/or propylparaben, to retard microbial growth.The softgel can be coated with enteric-resistant or delayed-release material.GelatinMost commonly the gelatin is alkali- (or base-) processed (type B) Type A acid-processed gelatin can also be used.it normally constitutes 40% of the wet molten gel mass.
13. Component of Gelatin Shell :PlasticizersPlasticizers are used to make the softgel shell elastic and pliable. They usually account for 20-30% of the wet gel formulation. Example of plasticizer used in softgels is glycerol, although sorbitol and propylene glycol One of the most important aspect of softgel formulation is to ensure that there is minimum interaction or migration between the liquid fill matrix and the softgel shell. In soft gelatin capsule the plasticizer and gelatin ratio is 0.8: 1WaterWater usually accounts for 30-40% of the wet gel formulation In dry softgels the equilibrium water content is typically in the range 5-8% w/w,water is important for good physical stability, because in harsh storage conditions softgels will become either too soft and fuse together, or too hard and embrittled.
14. ColourantsColourants (soluble dyes, or insoluble pigments ) and it can be either synthetic or naturalOpacifiersopacifiers are typically used at low concentrations in the wet gel formulation (up to 0.5 %)An opacifier, usually titanium dioxide, may be added to produce an opaque shell when the fill formulation is a suspension, or to prevent photodegradation of light-sensitive fill ingredients. preservativeIt is used about 0.2% concentration of total drug medicament. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben is mainly used as preservative.Flavouring AgentsFlavouring agents is used for the taste masking. Ethyl vanillin, essential oils, and different sugar mainly sucrose is also used as flavouring agent.Component of Gelatin Shell :
15. Types of softgel fill matrices :Lipophilic liquids/oils Triglyceride oils, such as soya bean oil, are commonly used in softgels , however, their capacity to dissolve drugs is limited. Hydrophilic liquids Polar liquids with a sufficiently high molecular weight are commonly used. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most frequently used, for example PEG 400, which has an average molecular weight of approximately 400 Da.Self-emulsifying oils A combination of a pharmaceutical oil and a non-ionic surfactant such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate can provide an oily formulation which disperses rapidly in the gastrointestinal fluid
16. Types of softgel fill matrices :Microemulsion and nanoemulsion systems A microemulsion of a lipid-surfactant-polar liquid system is characterized by its translucent single-phase appearance.A nanoemulsion is a similar system but contains emulsion droplets in the 100 nm size range.Suspensions Drugs that are insoluble in softgel fill matrices are formulated as suspensions. Suspension formulations provide significant advantages for certain low-solubility drugs which are very poorly absorbed after oral administration.Lipolysis systems
17. CapsuleSoft gelatin capsuleHard gelatin capsuleType of capsule :ChewableOrally administeredSuckableTwist-offMeltable
18. Type of Soft gelatin capsule :1- Orally administered :containing solution or suspensions that release theirContent in the stomach in an easy-to-swallow, convenient unit dose form.This is the most common type of soft gelatin capsules https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/soft-gelatin-capsules-softgels
19. Type of Soft gelatin capsule :2- Chewable :Where a highly flavored shell id chewed To release the drug liquid fill matrixThe drug may be present in both the Shell And fill matrixhttps://www.smallflower.com/nordic-naturals/childrens-dha-chewable-tablets-360-soft-gel-capsules-250mg-10070059
20. Type of Soft gelatin capsule :3- Suckable :Consist of a gelatin shell containing theFlavored medicament to be suckedAnd a liquid matrix or just air insideThe capsule https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/methylcobalamin-soft-gelatin-capsule-4028217355.html
21. Type of Soft gelatin capsule :4- Twist-off:Which are designed with a tag to beTwisted or snipped off, thereby Allowing access to the fill materialThis type can be very useful for unit Dosing of topical medication,Inhalation or indeed for oral dosing of pediatric producthttps://www.cleanrun.com/index.cfm/product/3895/1-tdc-dual-action-periodontal-and-joint-health-for-dogs.htm
22. Type of Soft gelatin capsule :5- Meltable :Designed for use as patient-friendly Pessaries or suppositories
23. References: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/Allen, L., Popovich, N. and Ansel, H. (2011). Ansel's pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp.214-215.Ghosh, Tapash K., and Bhaskara R. Jasti. Theory and practice of contemporary pharmaceutics. CRC press, 2004.Allen, L. V. (2018). Ansels pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.Aulton, M. E. (Ed.). (2000). Pharmaceutics: the science of dosage form design. Churchill Livingstone.Ajay Bilandi. (2014). SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES: DEVELOPMENT, APPLICATIONS AND RECENT PATENTS. International Research Journal for Inventions in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2 (3), 164-165.Srividya, B., & Reddy, C. S. C. S. P. (2014). Capsules And It’S Technology: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutics and Drug Analysis, 2(9), 727-33.