Endocrine Endocrine Function - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Endocrine

Slide2

Endocrine

Function

Influences growth, metabolism, and homeostasis over prolonged periods

Secretes hormone products into interstitial spaces which are then absorbed into the blood and transported throughout the body

Hormonal control is much slower than nervous control, but the effects of the endocrine system are much longer lasting

Key Features of Endocrine Glands

A rich capillary blood supply is necessary for secretion and reception of hormones

Endocrine glands are, by definition, ductless

Organelles required to synthesize specific hormones are in great supply

Slide3

Hormone Classifications

Amino Acid Derivatives

Hormones derived from the amino acid tyrosine

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroxine

Polypeptide Hormones

Hormones with a peptide structure

Insulin, prolactin, NGF, EGF, GH, PTH, TSH, enkephalin, TRH, ADH

Steroids

Hormones derived from cholesterol

Testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone, estradiol

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Pituitary Gland

Controlled by

hypothalamus

Infundibulum

serves as a communication channel between the hypothalamus and pituitary

The hypothalamohypophyseal neural tract is the passageway for two hypothalamic hormones to the posterior pituitaryThe hypothalamohypophyseal portal system carries hypothalamic hormones that regulate secretion from the anterior pituitaryThe anterior pituitary secretes hormones that regulate lactation, metabolism, growth, stress response, and reproduction

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Pituitary Gland

A

B

A:

Adenohypophysis

(

anterior pituitary

):

1.

Pars distalis

.

2.

Pars intermedia

3.

Pars tuberalis

B:

Neurohypophysis

(

posterior pituitary

):

1.

Infundibulum

2.

Pars nervosa

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E

A

D

C

B

Slide8

Practice

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Adenohypophysis

A:

Chromophobes

B:

Basophilic chromophils

Gonadotrophs–

FSH and LH Corticotrophs– ACTH Thyrotrophs– TSHC:

Acidophilic chromophils

Somatotrophs–

GH

Mammotrophs–

Prolactin

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A

B

C

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Practice

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Neurohypophysis

A

A:

Pituicytes

H:

Herring Bodies

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Review

Fill in the missing hormones secreted from the pituitary or list their respective functions

Hormone

Function

FSH

Causes follicle maturation and testosterone production in leydig cellsACTHStimulates T3 and T4 secretion from thyroidGH

Stimulates mammary glands

ADH

Smooth

muscle contraction and milk letdown

LH

TSH

Prolactin

Oxytocin

Follicle maturation and spermatogenesis

Stimulates adrenal cortex

Controls growth

Stimulates water resorption

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Thyroid

A

B

4

A:

Follicular cells

B:

Parafollicular cells

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Parathyroid

A: Adipose tissue.

C: Capillaries

P:

Principal or chief cells

O: Oxyphil cells

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A

B

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Practice

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A

B

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Pancreas

A

A:

Islets of Langerhans

contain four different cells:

1.

α-cells

2. β-cells 3. δ-cells. 4.

PP

–

cells

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Stomach

A

B

Gastrin

or

G-cells

A:

Parietal cell.

B:

Chief cell.

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Adrenal Gland

A

B

C

D

A:

Zona glomerulosa

B

: Zona fasciculata

C:

Zona reticularis

D: Medulla

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Practice

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Clinical Connections

Slide33

Pheochromocytoma

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromocytoma

Neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal medulla

Results in excessive secretion of catecholamines

Diagnosed by measuring plasma or urine levels of catecholamines

Slide34

Enteroendocrine Cell

A

A:

Argentaffin cells

B:

Central Lacteal

B

Slide35

Practice

Slide36

Review

Anterior Pituitary

FSH

LH

ACTH

TSH

GH

ProlactinPosterior PituitaryADH

Oxytocin

Thyroid

T3 and T4

Calcitonin

Parathyroid

PTH

Pancreas

Glucagon

Insulin

Somatostatin

Pancreatic Peptide

Stomach

Gastrin

Adrenal

Aldosterone

Cortisol

DHEA

Argentaffin Cell

CCK

Secretin

Serotonin

Know the following hormones, where they are secreted, their function, and target organ.