Human genome Maternal diet Mode of birth Antibiotics Timing of birth NICU admission Infant diet Environment Background Bacteria 60 viruses eukaryotes archaea Gut largest reservoir 30 genera amp 500 species ID: 912186
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Slide1
Gut Microbiome
Establishment affected by:Human genomeMaternal dietMode of birthAntibiotics Timing of birthNICU admissionInfant dietEnvironment
Background:Bacteria (≥60%), viruses, eukaryotes, archaeaGut largest reservoir (≥30 genera & 500 species)SymbioticComposition – richness & diversity important
Functions:Metabolism and biosynthesisImmune system development and regulationGut-brain axisProtection from pathogens and diseaseEpithelial development & maintenance
(Early Colonisation with Bacteria After Birth) study
Slide2Caesarean Section
Disrupts transfer of mother’s microbiome to babyVaginal and caesarean-born babies have different gut microbiome – some studiesUnique moment establishment of initial gut microbiome naive immune system ready for programmingGUTS (USA) Yuan et al JAMA Pediatr
201622,068 offspring, prospectively followed from 198423% increased rate of childhood obesity 14 confounders controlled eg BMI, GDM, prev CS, ethnicity64% higher obesity within family analysis (12,903) CS- born sibling compared with vaginal-born sibling
Slide3(Early Colonisation with Bacteria After Birth) study
Hypothesis: Oral administration of maternal vaginal microbiota in babies born by C-section will lead to an increased gut bacterial diversity and richness.80 women having Elective LSCS at term, singleton, no diabetesAntenatal screening for CS group 1 week before CSVaginal swab inserted 30 mins prior CSSwab mixed with sterile water for oral microbiome treatmentBaby randomised to treatment (microbiome) or placebo (sterile water)
40 women having vaginal birth (reference/2nd control group, untreated)Antenatal diet preferences and 3 day exercise diary16s amplicon sequencing of maternal secretions, infant stools at <48 hrs, 1 mth, 3 mthsFeeding mode, infant’s medical history at <48 hrs, 1 mth, 3 mthsThe team: Prof Wayne Cutfield (PI), Dr Celia Grigg, Dr José Derraik, Assoc Prof Justin O’Sullivan, Dr Nick Walker, Prof Paul Hofman, Ms Éadaoin Butler, Ms Brooke Wilson