Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms - PDF document

Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms i Acronyms Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms ii Acronyms and Related Website Addresses AMCHP: on of Maternal and Chld Health Programs. www.amchp.org APEXPH: Assessment Protocol for Excellence http://www.naccho.org/topnfrastructure/APEXPH.cfm APHA: on. www.apha.org APHL: es. www.aphl.org ASPH: c Health. www.asph.org ATSDR: Agency for Toxstry. www.atsdr.cdc.gov ASTHO: on of State and Terrals. www.astho.org BOH: Board of Health. BRFSS: llance System. www.cdc.gov/brfss/ CDC: sease Control and Preventon. www.cdc.gov CEPPO: cal Emergency Preparedness & Prevent oswer/ceppoweb.nsf/content/ CHP: ty health prole. CMS: care Servces. Formerly HCFA. www.cms.hhs.gov CSTE: l of State and Terrsts. www.cste.org DHHS: ces. www.dhhs.gov DOJ: ce. www.usdoj.gov EPA: ronmental Protecton Agency. www.epa.gov FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency. www.fema.gov HAN: Health Alert Network. www.bt.cdc.gov/DocumentsApp/HAN/han.asp HCFA: Formerly the U.S. Health Care Fon and renamed the Centers for care Servces. www.cms.hhs.gov HEDIS: Health Plan Employer Data and Informat HRSA: The Health Resources and Servon. www.hrsa.gov JCAHO: on on the Accredon of Healthcare Organons. www.jo - m LHD: Local Health Department. LPHS: Local Publ MAPP: on through Plannps. www.naccho.org/top nfrastructure/MAPP.cfm MMWR: ty Weekly Report. www.cdc.gov/mmwr NACCHO: als. www.naccho.org Acronyms Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms iii NAHDO: ons. www.nahdo.org NALBOH: on of Local Boards of Health. www.nalboh.org NAPHSIS: The Nat www.naphs NCHS: cs. www.cdc.gov/nchs NCSL: slatures. www.ncsl.org NCQA: ty Assurance. www.ncqa.org NDI: onal Death Index. www.cdc.gov/nchs/nd NEDSS: onal Electronllance System. www.cdc.gov/nedss NER: onal Exposure Regstry. www.atsdr.cdc.gov/NER NHTSA: ghway Trafc Safety Admon. www.nhtsa.gov NIOSH: onal Safety and Health at CDC. www.cdc.gov/n NNDSS: llance System. www.cdc.gov/EPO/DPHSI/ nndssh NPHLI: tute. www.phl NPHPSP: c Health Performance Standards Program. www.cdc.gov/od/ ocphp/nphpsp NNPHI: tutes. www.nnph OCPHP: ce. www.cdc.gov/od/ocphp ODPHP: sease Preventon and Health Promoton. www.odphp.osophs.dhhs.gov PACE-EH: Protocol for Assessronmental Health. www.naccho.org/topronmental/CEHA.cfm PHF: on. www.phf.org PTE: al threat element. QOL: Qual SNS: le. www.bt.cdc.gov/stockp SPHA: c Health Agency. SPHS: State Publ SSA: on. www.ssa.gov WMD: Weapons of mass destruct YPLL: Years of potent Acronyms Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Glossary and Reference Terms Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Glossary and Reference Terms A Abatement of nuisances: ng or reducng the effect of a pollutant or other health hazard. Ths often used as a term of law. Academic Health Departments: on between a health profess and a health department that results ng, research, and pract the more famtals.” (From the ne at: www.phf.org/L ahd.htm.) Academic-Practice Collaboration / Academic-Practice Partnerships: In d - es to strengthen publce. (From the Counc ne at: www.phf.org/L Access: The potent - dent upon the wants, resources, and needs that ng to the care-seekng process. The ab al resources, and avaty of a regular source of care. (Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works . Ga Publ (Note: this dened term refers to “access” in the context of access to care. The term access is also used within the instruments in other contexts, i.e., access to resources, access to technology. The use of access within such phrases carries the more traditional meaning.) After Action Report (AAR): ve report that prov on or exerc addressed, as well as recommendatons for correctons. (Adapted from: US Department ty. Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP); Volume 1: Overview and Doctrine. Wash All-hazards emergency response: The “all-hazards” emergency response model prepares a “generalzed emergency response system.” Frst responders are traned to respond to terrorn the same way that they would respond to other d lls, plane crashes, and res. (Hough L. Terrorism in America: Gearing Up for Future Attacks has become a New Priority. n from John F. Kennedy School of Govern - ment; Autumn Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 3 All-hazards preparedness plan / All-hazards emergency preparedness and response plan: gate, respond to, and recover from a natural dsaster, terrorst event, or other emergency that threatens people, prop - erty, busty. The plan pment, and resources for ncludes steps to coordde the response and recov - ery efforts of the jur Appropriation: slature for some spec to grant approprslatures a powerful check over execut ve approval. Congress, for example, can approve or reject the annual budget requests es and programs, thereby forecy. Laws enacted at all levels of government may author on, transfer of funds from another source, or borrowzed funds must be approprated before they are ava for the stated leg se) and approprate.” More lkely, espec on and appropron are separated, wth a second vote requred to appropr s appropr than had been author Assessment: As one of the core funct - n order to prov i ttee for the Study of the Future of Publ The Future of Public Health. Washonal Academy Press, 988.) The process of regularly and systemat - cally collect ty, es of health problems. Assessment s one of the three core funct ck LF, Mays GP. Public Health Administration: Principles for Population-Based Management. Ga - ers; Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH): An assess - ment and plann (NACCHO) for use by local health departments and other organ ncludes three parts: an organ ty health assessment process; and a d ne at: http://www.naccho.org/topnfrastructure/APEXPH.cfm. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 4 Asset-based community development: An asset-based commun - s present ts res onal base of the area–not ws problemat s strong nternal focus ntended to stress the pr nvestment, creatty, hope and control. (Kretzmann JP, McKn Building Communities from the Inside Out. e, IL: ACTA Publ Asset mapping: A tool for mobng communty resources. The process by whch the capac - ons are asset-based community development. Assurance: One of the core functc health, assurance refers to the process of de - eve agreed upon goals are prov - vate sector), by requon through regula - on, or by provrectly.” (Instttee for the Study of the Future of Publ The Future of Public Health. Washonal Academy Press; Assure: To make certa (Webster’s II New College Dictionary.) See also assurance. B Baldrige criteria: A performance excellence cr mprove overall performance. Seven categor ng, 3) customer and market focus, 4) measurement, analys management, 5) human resource focus, 6) process management, and 7) busness results. Onl at: www.qualty.nst.gov. Baldrige National Quality Program: An award program of the Nat - dards and Technology that works to enhance the competty, and product mprove thene at: www.qualty.nst.gov. See also Baldrige criteria. Behavioral risk factors: ors that are bel to cause, or to be contr youth and adolescence as well as s recommended for collectty Health Prole. For naccho.org/chsa/ChsaInd Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS): A nat - ne at: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/ i Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 5 Benchmarks: nts of reference or a standard agach measurements can be com - pared. In the context of s used as a reference for future compar refers to “best practes compare themselves aga standards. Many groups use benchmark as a synonym for s T, Atk A, et al. The Community Indicators Handbook: Measuring Progress toward Healthy and Sustain - able Communities. ng Progress; Best practice(s): ce or approach at the moment, on, the consumer’s or communty’s needs and desres, the ev re, and the resources ava promising practices ch are dened as clch there ch show prommprov ch are not yet proven by the hghest or strongest scdence. (Adapted from: The on and The Techn Inc. Turning Knowledge into Practice. Boston, MA: The Techn Bioterrorism: The threat or onal release of b ng the conduct of government, or ng or coerc despread medoterror also br pan Bioterrorism: Public Health and Medical Preparedness. Wash Board of health: gnated governng body whose members are appo or elected to provons and/or govern cy development, for the protecton and promot ty. C Capacity to initiate or participate in research: Internal capac - ces research begth ready access to researchers havgn and conduct research n those areas. Capac the ava - nate and use research nd ces research” ncludes research on the management, congurat Care management: ch assures that persons served by the system have ngle care (servs coordgned to assure cost effect Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 6 Catchment area(s): cal area that ncludes the res or customers that are served by a parton, governmental agency, or bus For example, a catchment area can refer to resc area n health care prov Cause of death: Any cond accord International Classication of Diseases. Civil commitment: The detent - on) for the purposes of care and treatment. C quarantine , s both a preventve measure dessk, and a rehabve measure des duals who are conned. (Gost Public Health Law: Power – Duty – Restraint. Berkeley, CA: Unforna Press; Civil rights: Those r on and by subsequent acts of Congress. C es, due process, equal protecton of the laws, and freedom from d Collaborative leadership: A type of leadersh - ve processes for workng together, convenes appropr p, leaders promote and safeguard the collabor - ve process through shared leadersh ps. (Adapted from: Chr C. Collaborative Leadership: How Citizens and Civic Leaders Can Make a Difference. San Fran - c Communicable disease data: seases that are usually transm through person-to-person contact or shared use of contam seases can be prevented through the use of protectve measures, such as a h s a category recommended for collect ty Health Prole. For data ChsaInd infectious disease. Communications strategy: A statement that descr c approach, key message po - van GA, Yonkler JA, Morgan W, and Merrtt, AP. A Field Guide to Designing a Health Communication Strategy. more, MD: Johns Hopk on Programs; March Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 7 Communities: The aggregate of persons w professal, rel ty, age, occupatnterest cular problems or outcomes, or other common bonds. (Adapted from: Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Ga Community assets: Contr ty’s capacty to assure the health, well-be asset-based community development. Community-based participatory research (CBPR): ve approach to research that equn the research process and recogn strengths that each brth a research topty, mprove health es. (W. K. Kellogg Foundat Program, quotes from Mnkler M, and Wallerste Community-Based Participa - tory Research for Health. San Franc Community collaboration: A relatvely toward a com - mon goal. Such relat ty. These levels are determned by: the degree of partnersh ty resons, the frequency of regular commun lls and resources of res ng process of workng together, whereby the commun i Community’s health: c health that regards “commun ngredent for effect - ty, and pol Community health assessment: ty health assessment calls for regularly and systemat - ty, es of health problems. Often th are ng and respondmportant health problems sks. Increasngly, movng beyond problems and dects toward an analys strengths and resources ng recognty’s health. (Nat Advancing Community Public Health Systems in the 21st Century. Wash Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 8 Community health improvement: ned effects of ty, physronments, and the polons used to promote health, prevent dsease, and ensure access to qualty health care. The ultmate measure of suc - mprovement effort Department of Health and Human Serv Healthy People 2010. Wash - ment of Health and Human Serv Community health improvement committee: A formal or that provty’s stakeholders and accountable es to develop a broad perspectght be addressed. The mprovement process. (Adapt - ed from: Inst Improving Health in the Community. Wash 1 Community health improvement objectives: Refer to objectives. Community health improvement plan: c effort to address health problems on the bass of the results of assessment actmprove - ment process. Ths used by health and other governmental educat es and coord resources. A HIP ons to target efforts that promote health. It should dene the v mely way. (Adapted from: Un Healthy People 2010. Wash See also Community health improvement process. Community health improvement process: mprovement l ronmental, busrectly affectc’s health. The communmprovement process de effort to fy, analyze, and address health problems; assess appl assets and resources; ty perceptmplement coord - re process. mprovement tool Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP). Onl Community health professional: dual who prov related to the preservatmprovement of health, or the treatment or care of are njured, s Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 9 Community health prole (CHP): A comprehenson of measures represent - i - ty level and the resources avalable to address health needs. Measures w ne trends, to evaluate health to compare communth peer, state, natonal or benchmark measures, and to establ es through an ty process. Community health status: Refer to health status. Community partnerships: nuum of relat ng of resources, responsty, and accountab - mprovement and undertak mprovps are formed to assure the comprehensve, broad-based mprovement of health status ty. Community support: Act - ty and an effect gn and prov - on at board meet ces that are threatened to be curta ty and an effect Competencies: Refer to core legal public health competencies and core public health competencies. Compulsory treatment: c treatment whs ordered or requred by courts or the government. (Gost The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act. .) Typcally, the court must be pet health care or publ Condemnation: on that a property represents a threat to publ and that the governty takes control of t for the purpose of abatement of the problem. Consequence management: Measures to protect publc health and safety, restore essen - al government servces, and provde emergency relduals, governments, and bus - nesses affected by the consequences of terrorc Preparedness, Un States Department of Just State Domestic Preparedness Equipment Program Assessment and Strategy Development Tool Kit. Wash Constituency: Refer to Constituents and Constituency development/Constituency building . Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Constituency development/Constituency building: The ongo n the process of apply - ty resources to s the process of establ ve relatc health system and all current and potent - ents. Constituents/Constituents of the public health system: All persons and organ - rectly contrbute to or benet from mproved health status; c health system, the government bodt represents, and other health, ronmental, and non-health-related organ Consultation: A process, act or conference through wh s shared, or vews are exchanged. Continuing education and training: Work extens or cross-tranars, conferences, synchronous and asynchro - stance learn are ntended to strengthen, update, and add to the profess nterest to the LPHS. Continuous quality improvement: ng effort to mprove the efcency, effect - ty, or performance of servces, processes, capaces, outcomes. These efforts can ncremental” mprovement over tme or “breakthrough” mprovement all at once. Among mprovement s a four-step qual Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. See also performance management. Contributing factors (direct and indirect): rectly or rectly, i Core competencies: A set of sk - petent core legal public health competencies and core public health competencies. Core function(s) of public health: Three basc roles for publ - ch people can be healthy. As ne’s landmark report, The Future of Public Health , these are assessment, polcy development, and assurance. (Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Ga Core indicators: Data elements that Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) recommends all communes collect and track. The core - cal nature of the data, potentve value, and relevance to most commun Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 11 Core legal public health competencies: A set of law-spec es are to workforce development efforts for publ roles related to publc health law, as well as for front-lne staff who need a bas of the role of law n protectc’s health. Onlne at: www.publchealthlaw.net/Tra Competenc Core public health competencies: The core publ the fy the profess es are d Bas - mun cy Development/Program Plannlls. Intended levels of mastery, and therefore learnn each competency, wffer de - r backgrounds and job dutne at: www.trangnder.org/competenc Credentialing: A process that results n formal recognon of profess - al competence through certcensure, or the award of a degree or d Critical assets: Those assets essent government, and to ensure the general publc health and safety. Cultural competence: lls that result ng and apprec - fferences and sn, among, and between groups and competence requres that the th knowledgeable persons of and from the commun i D Data warehouse / Data warehousing: ntegrated data repos on and storage of data collected from varous sources as outln standards for the onal Electron National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). Death, illness, and/or injury data: s measured dence and prevalence ty may be represented by crude rates or age-adjusted rates (AAM); by degree of premature death (Years of Product ty may be represented by age-adjusted dence of cancer and chrons a category recommended for collect ty Health Prole. For - i Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 12 Demographic characteristics: Demograph measures of total populaton as well as percent of total populaton by age group, gender, race ty, where these populatons are located, and the rate of change on patterns. For http://mapp.naccho.org/chsa/ChsaInd Deployed staff: Staff or personnel that have been put cally. Determinants of health: rect causes and r or theory, are thought to rectly the level of a specc health problem. These may be dened as the “upstream” factors that affect the health status of populat ronment (cultural, polcy, econom ronment (natural and bu - nants of health affect both dual response (behavology) and the prevalence of and d Dialogue: on between people that develops shared under - ne agree - ng creatve problem solvng. For more Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships tool and i Engaging the Community at http://www.naccho.org/topnfrastructure/MAPP.cfm. Distance learning: A system and a process that connects learners wbuted learn - ng resources character) asynchronous learn nstructor and learner, among learners, or between learners and learnng resource (example: use ng programs); and ) synchronous learnrect - tween the learner and the nstructor, among learners, or between learners and learnng resources conducted through one or more medte broadcastng). Use of electron s not requred. (Un Healthy People 2010. Wash Due process: al proceedngs or other governmental act gned to safeguard the legal rdual. The guarantee of due process i berty, or property, wthout due process of law,” and berty, or property wthout due process of law.” es of due process are not xed and are the subject of endless judnterpretat ng. Fundamental to procedural due process government’s depron of one’s lberty, or property, and an opportunty to be heard and de - fend one’s rberty, or property. Substantve due process t on the government’s power to enact laws or regulatons that affect one’s lberty, or property rs a safeguard from governmental acts not related to any legmate government nterest or that r, ts furtherance of a government nterest. The requrement of due process appl Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 E Education methods: Methods of learn Effectiveness: ch a program or other on produces - ck LF, Mays GP. Public Health Administration: Principles for Population-Based Management. Ga Aspen Publ Emergency operation(s) center (EOC): ch the coord on and resources to support domest n a more central or permanently ty, perhaps at a h nes (e.g., re, law enforcement, and med on (e.g., Federal, State, regonal, county, cty, trbal), ore some combon thereof. dent Management System. Wash March Emergency preparedness and response plan: Refer to All-hazards preparedness plan / All-hazards emergency preparedness and response plan. Emergency Response Coordinator: on and response effort n the event of an emergency (e.g., health ofcer, envronmental health drector, regrector of preparedness). Emergency response plan: Refer to All-hazards preparedness plan / All-hazards emergency preparedness and response plan. Enabling Services: ces that prov teracy programs, translat serv Environmental hazards: als that pose a threat to human health and ronment, as well as to the health and safety of other an plants, and to the proper functtat, or other natural resource. Environmental health: nterrelatronment that promote human health and well-beronment. Envronmen - fe that are determ ronment. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Environmental health indicators: ronment drectly r and water, as well as safely prepared food, are essent Exposure to envronmental substances, such as lead or hazardous waste, ncreases rsk for pre - onal home, workplace, or recreates affect all age groups and may result n premature dty. Ths a category recommended for collect ty Health Prole. For - i Environmental justice: r treatment and meannvolvement of all people, regard - ty, culture, and enforcement of envronmental laws, regulatronmental just to ensure that no populats forced to shoulder a dsproportonate burden of the negat ronmental ronmental hazards. Environmental risk: ng, breath ronment and the severllness that may result; the probab njury; a hazard or per Environmental tests: r, water, sol or other substance from the phys ronment and the test hazardous to human health. Epidemiologic investigations: The exam - ons. They are usually concerned wng the effects of r factors or exposures. The common types of analytc study are case-control stud es, and cross-sect Medical Subject Headings. Wash Epidemiological and behavioral science techniques: The appl on of health programs. (CDC. NEDSS Logical Data Model Data Dictionary. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Serv Epidemiology: nants of health-related status or s study to control of health problems. tor. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. on. New York: Oxford Unty Press; 1 Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Essential Public Health Services: The ten serv Public Health in America: ng health problems; es and plans; enforc laws and regulatng a competent workforce; con - ng research. (Un Serv Healthy People 2010. Wash 000.) Representatves from federal agenc made publ responsces, prov that dene the pract Ethnicity: on that shares common charactercs, such as rel - ons, culture, language, and tr Evaluations: c approaches to determves are be (Brownson RC, Baker EA, and Novck LF. Community-based Prevention: Programs That Work. Ga Evaluation of community health care systems: ty health care system sts of all health care provders and resources w governmental and non-governmental servce prov cs operated by state health departments, and other governmental, not-for-prot, and proprce prov a comprehensve assessment of all aspects of health care delvered to the publ i Evaluation of public health services: Publ ces are provded by external agents, shed to dene roles and respons Contracts are the legal agreements between the local governmental authorty and other groups or organ cs, managed care plans — that provces for the local governmental author comprehensgorous as the evaluat - t Evaluation of personal health care services: ty, qual - ty, and effectces offered w predetermve measurements of ser - nputs from communty resdents regardth personal health care. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Evaluation of population-based health services: An assessment of the access - ty, qualty, and effectces offered by agenc nst pre-determ ng those provgorously evaluated as other ve measures of servces that are based on nput from communty resdents regard w Events: An occurrence, espec events can be a force of change that me occurrence. Examples of events saster, or the passage of a p dered Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP’s) Forces of Change Assessment. Evidence-based interventions: The systemat - es, programs and poldence from the scterature that they have demonstrated effect (American Journal of Health Education , March/Apr Extended indicators: cators recommended Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) tool, from whes may select to explore i F Faith-based organizations: A general term used to refer to a relous congregat (church, mosque, synagogue, or temple); an organon, program, or project sponsored/hosted by a relous congregatncorporated); a nonprot organ by a relous congregaton or relncorporators and board members that clearly s a rel ons from the prev - es. (Adapted from: Center for Fa Faith and Communities Engaged in Service (FACES) Toolkit. Washme Prevent First responder: ce, re, and emergency med ves, protect property, and meet bas needs. Food safety: The responsty of federal, state, and local food protecton programs to ensure s produced and delvered for consumpt Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Forces: A broad all-encompassncludes trends, events, and factors, the es from the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP’s) Forces of Change Assessment. G Geocoded data / geocoded health data: Addresses matched and ass a correspond Healthy People 2010, Chapter 23. Wash Serv Geographic information system (GIS): nes modern computer and supercomput - th data management systems to provde tools for the capture, storage, man c coordon relatve to the earth’s sur - butes enable prev ronment. (Un Healthy People 2010, Chapter 23. Wash “Go-Kits”: Packages of records, tems related to an emergency operattems that are essent ng the team member’s operatons at an alternate facty. Go-Kts are prepared by response team members be necessary. (Federal Emergency Management Agency. Continuity of Operations Planning (COOP) Lesson 5: COOP Implementation. Wash ne at: http://www.traWeb/IS/ Goals: Broad, long-term ared result assoc i Governing body(ies): dual, board, counc on of local government; or reg - ct, or reservat charter, bylaw or ord Governmental public health agency: ty concerned w preventon and control of dty, and the promot nternat - c Medical Subject Headings. Wash Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A compon of current evdence-based recom - ons on screenng, and preventldren, devel - oped by the US Preventces Task Force for clmary care sett http://www.ahcpr.gov/clc/preven Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Guide to Community Preventive Services: dence-based recom - ty preventces developed by the Task Force on Commun Prevents known about the effect ency, and feasons to promote communty health and prevent ne at: http://www.thecommun H Hazard: Refer to health hazard . Health: A dynam merely the absence of dsease or ty. (WHO’S New Proposed Denst Sesson of the ve Board, Geneva; January Health Alert Network (HAN): de program to establ - stance-learnnfrastructure for a new level of defense nst health threats, oterror - cal for preparedness and response: commu - ty rst-responders, hosp ne at: www.bt.cdc.gov/DocumentsApp/HAN/han.asp. Health assessment: The process of collect on health status, personal health problems, populaton groups at greatest r ces, resource avaty, and concerns of ng about the relatc health problems. Health care provider: A person, agency, department, unt, subcontractor, or other ent vers a health-related servce, whether for payment or as an employee of a governmental ty. Examples cs, free cl pract Health communication: The art and techn i sease preventon, health promoton, health care polcy, and the bus - ness of health care, as well as enhancement of the qual ty. (Ratzan S, edtor. Health Communication: Challenges for the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publ Health education: on of learngned to pred enable, and renforce voluntary behavduals, groups or commun - es. (Green, LW and Kreuter, MW. Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach , 3rd ed. Mountaew, CA: Mayeld Publ process by whty regard - ty health status, health care needs, posors and health care pol Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 1 Health hazard: Health problems assocth exposure to a cants, as well as hazards resultng from natural and technolog Health information: on regardcal or health-related subjects that may use to make approprons. (Adapted from: Un of Health and Human Serv Healthy People 2010. Wash and Human Serv Health Information Exchange (HIE): on Exchanges (HIEs) are organ - on relevant r health care. Also known as Reg organ nteroperable health tate data exchange between Electron Health Records (EHRs) and publ Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) – The 996 (HIPAA) cons protects health tle II requres the Department of Health and Human Serv standards for electronc health care transactons and addresses the secur on. HIPAA was rst proposed wve to ensure health - ty provons, however, Congress added an Adm on was requested and supported by the health care - dardzed electronons and requred standard record formats, code sets, and s standardon effort, Congress recogn 999, Congress drected the ty requrements n accordance wth HIPAA’s Tne at: www.cdc.gov/prvacy-HIPAAfact. Health professional shortage areas: Areas that have been federally des cal care, dental or mental health prov or rural areas, populaton groups or medne at: http://bhpr.hrsa. gov/shortage/. Health marketing: The creat - ng customer-centered and sces to promote the health of d ne at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthmarket Health needs: Demands requred by a populatty. (Nat Medical Subject Headings. Wash Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS): The most w ty report for managed care health plans. Vers ty measures ency, and health plan management. (Sh Delivering Health Care in America: A Systems Approach. Ga Health problem: ronment measured ty, or rn the future and http://mapp.naccho.org/MAPP_Glossary.asp. Health promotion: cal, regulatory, and organ - duals, groups, es. (Green LW and Kreuter MW. Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach , 3rd ed. Mountaew, CA: Mayeld Publ Health promotion activities: Any comb ronmental supports aduals, groups, or commun Health resource availability data: ty, wh censed and credent on, the health resources category ncludes measures of ty of health care and prevent patterns and roles of publvate sectors as payers and/or provders may also be relevant. s a category recommended for collectty Health Prole. For see: http://mapp.naccho.org/chsa/ChsaInd Health risk: on of humans that can be represented cators. (Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Ga Health status: The current state of a g ty, mortalty, and avalable health resources. (Nat Medical Subject Headings. Wash Health status indicator: ngle measure that purports to reect the health status of an dual or dened group. Health threats: rcumstances or events w of the populat Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 21 Healthy People: onal health promotsease prevent - onal, state, and local government agences; nonprot, voluntary, and professmprove the health of all mprove years and qual 0, 467 health promotsease preventves are - ne at: www.healthypeople.gov. I Impact objective: Refer to objectives . Incidence: Rate of occurrence of new cases of a spec nterval, usually a year. Indicator: A measurement that reects the status of a system. Indcators reveal the drect ty, the economy, the envronment), whether ng forward or back - ward, ncreasng or decreasmprov Infant Mortality Rate: A death rate calculated by d rths reported n the same year. It s expressed as the number of Infectious diseases: sease may, ble from person to person, an L and Hodges J. The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act ; Draft dated Infectious disease measures: seases that are usually transm through person-to-person contact or shared use of contam seases can be prevented through a h or through the use of protectve measures, such as condoms for the prevent - m Infrastructure: es, relatps, and resources that enable perfor - c health’s core functty. Categor onal, and scal resources. Injury: ntent or purposefulness of occurrence - es are ones that are purposely and often assoc aggravated assault, hom ntent of harm and are not purposely Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 22 Innovative: ng or produc - enced or created before. Integrated information systems: Include both human resources and technolog - tuents to personal health care and to other related servc health arena. In-Service: Occurr Intentional Injury: Refer to Injury . J Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO): A peer revch provmary rev healthcare provders for the purpose of accredes requre prov - s accredn order to seek thrd party payment. JCAHO usually surveys orga - ons once every three years, sendve team to rev ent records, professonal credentng procedures, governance and qualmprovement programs. Onlne at: http://www.jo Jurisdiction: on can refer to any area wty, a county, multes, a state, a regch a governmental agency has legal author K Key constituents: Persons or groups that benet from, or regularly - ons, programs, or servc health system. (Adapted from: S An Orga - nization Your Customers Understand. Harvard Busness School Work See also constituents . L Laboratory Response Network: An tary, and nternates that can respond to boterrorcal terror ne at: www.bt.cdc.gov/lrn. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Laboratory support: ty to produce tmely and accurate laboratory results for d - c health concerns. The actual test c health system; however, the publc health system retans the respons ng that proper testmely results are avaty. Large-scale natural disaster: tous events producng great mater - stress on a broad area or populaton. They are the result of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, oods, etc. (Nat Medical Subject Headings. Wash Laws: The rules adopted by formal governmental acton that govern our l respects. Learning Management Systems: An IT solut del by learners. Most learnng management systems are web-based to fac any pace” access to learn health learnnks more than 0 states, see TRAIN at www.tra Legal counsel: ch can prov on c Licensing: t to prov neer wastewater treatment systems, prepare and/or prov tuted agency of government followc standards and nes as provded by statute or regulat Local control (Home rule): on to adopt and enforce es, and procedures related to carry Local governmental public health entity: Refer to local health department . Local health department: t of local or state government concerned wng some respons the state; the governmental publc health presence at the local level, wh governed health department, a branch of the state health department, a state-created d or regon, a department governed by and serv-county area, or any other arrangement that has governmental authors respons (Nat Operational Denition of a Functional Local Health Department. Wash Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Local Health Ofcer: red or appo a local governmental publrect respons recton of the local governmental publc health agency. Such duals are generally called “drector,” “admstrator,” “commoner,” “health ofcer,” or s - red by the health drector of the local governmental publty and respons - ght, external l duals are generally physan health ofcer,” rector.” Both types of local health ofcals generally report to a board of health, c or county execut Local public health agency (LPHA): Refer to Local health department . Local public health system (LPHS): The collect c’s health w Local public health governance: ty must be served by a governmental cally the local health department, board of health, or ofce of the state ty to assure the development and ma protecton and promotc’s health. Effectve governance c health requres dual members of governon understand and exerc personal, board, agency, and other approprty; fully apprec responses; assure the avaty of adequate resources ( cap es and goals; routmprov ty health status; and assure that all relevant stakeholders part health object Locally-established health priorities: Preferentally rated health-related act or funct M Mandated: Any responsty, acton, or procedure that mposed by one sphere of government on another through const rect order, or that s requred as a cond Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Maternal and child health data: A set of programs and pol ldren. Because maternal care s corre - rth outcomes, measures of maternal access to, and/or uton of, care cant areas for monson relates to the health of a vulner - ldren. Brths to teen mothers are a crncreased s a category recommended for collect Health Prole. For Measurable objectives: Refer to objectives . Measures and benchmarks for emergency preparedness: Performance measures (measures of capabty) and benchmarks (measures of capacty) are used for program account - c Health Emergency Preparedness cooperatve agreement to allow for grantees to move from accountabty to effectveness. (Adapted from the CDC Coord Terrorsm Preparedness and Emergency Response. See www.bt.cdc.gov.) Media advocacy: The processes by whduals or groups use the med cular health goal, program, nterest, or populat Media strategy: Des the role of the publmprov - ed through formal and ty, and commun Mentoring: ng of more experenced staff to prov lls development, and other career resources. Mission statement: A descr res the organ dec Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP): A commu - mprovement developed by NACCHO and CDC. Onl at: http://www.naccho.org/topnfrastructure/MAPP.cfm. Mock event: A method of exercng emergency response teams to determ they would take cable response personnel to walk through r all-hazards and emergency response plan. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Model State Emergency Health Powers Act: A gu es to ensure a strong, effect ng, preventon, and response mechan oterrorle also respect Act can serve as a resource for states consc health law reform. Onlne at: www.publ - chealthlaw.net/Resources/Modellaws.htm. Model State Public Health Act: bal governments to use to revve regulat Health Act was released 003 by the Turn Health Statute Modernne at: www.publchealthlaw.net/Resources/Modellaws.htm. Morbidity: ty, or njury. Mortality: A measure of the Multicomponent intervention: ncludes more than one actty. For vate young people to reman tobacco-free can be com - ned or coordncreases n tobacco product exc The Guide to Community Preventive Services. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Serv Multiple determinants of health: A var ronment, soc and cultural factors and access to health serv N National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS): An promotes the use of data and on system standards to advance the development nteroperable surve llance systems that can transfer appropr c health, laboratory, and clently and securely over the Internet. NEDSS w revolutckly and accurately. Th mprove the naton’s ab oterrorgate outbreaks and monsease trends. Onl www.cdc.gov/nedss/. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 National Incident Management System (NIMS): A comprehens - dent management processes, protocols, and procedures that all responders – federal, bal, and local – use to more effectvely coordnate and conduct response to domest ty. Onlne at: http://www.fema.gov/emergen - cy/n National Notiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS): In assumed responson of data concern s revcally. For the current l www.cdc.gov/epo/dphs as a new pathogen emerges, or a d ofc nput from CDC, makes recommendat seases. However, report s voluntary. Reports currently mandated on or regulatseases that are cons - ered notable, therefore, varghtly by state. All states generally report the nternat - th the World Health on’s Internatne at: www.cdc.gov/epo/dphs National Public Health Leadership Institute (NPHLI): A program supported by the stered through the Unty of North Carolne at: www. phl National Public Health Performance Standards Program: p effort mprove the pract three c Health Governance Performance ne at: www.cdc.gov/od/ocphp/nphpsp/. Network: nterest and formed to prov O Objectives: Dened as results of spec ves are specc, measurable, and real who w what change or benet and how much change what time . There are three types of object s long term (greater than 3 years) and nterest are mortalty, morbty, and dty. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 s short term (less than three years) and nterest or. A process object nterest s the level of profess ty Health Plan. Process objectt, peer revew, accred adherence to projected tmetables, producton of products, and nanc Occupational categories: Class accord000 Standard Occupat on(s) requ ne at: http://www.bls.gov/soc/. Operational denition of a functional local health department: A statement to create a shared understandty, regardless of s from thene at: http://www.naccho.org/topnfrastructure/opera - t Ordinances: A statute or regulatally one enacted by a county, cty, or mun government. Other governing body: ons where there s no local board of health, or where the local board of health has only advons, another governmental ent oners, mayor, cll have the legal respons ana) there may be no local governon res P Partnership: ve relat partners set as ng process. In effect ps, partners share a von, are commp, agree on spec Public Health Leadership: Putting Principles into Practice. Ga Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 2 Performance management: mprove c’s health. Thc use of performance measures and standards to establ ze and allocate resources; to cy or program drectons to meet goals; to frame reports on the success mprove the qualce. (Turn Performance Management Nat From Silos to Systems: Using Performance Management to Improve the Public’s Health. Wash Foundat continuous quality improvement . Performance standard: ve form of measurement that serves on’s level of performance can be compared. (Turnonal Program Ofce. Guidebook for Performance Measures. Seattle, WA: ty of Wash Personal health care: Health care provmary care, spec care, hosptal care, emergency care, and rehabve care. Personal health care workforce: ed health professonals who are mary, secondary or tert to protect or remed Personal health services / Personal health care services: Health serv - ered to mary care, specalty care, hosptal care, emergency care, and rehabve care. Personal health servnclude health promot ces that are delvered on an Policy development: ch problem of poss - c The Future of Public Health. Washonal Academy Press; s an outgrowth of the assessment and mon respect to all other Essent - ment of laws, rules, and regulatch are the focus of Essent regulatcy. Pol s a process that enables ons to be made concernssues related to the publc’s health. Population-based health: sease preventon and health promot that affect an entre populatcal treatment by target ronmental factors. (Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Ga Publ Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 30 Population-based health programs/services: ty) that prevents njury or promotes health n a group of persons (e.g., promote health, prevent d njury, dty and premature death as well as exposure to envronmental hazards). Population-based workforce: c health professn the prov on-based health programs and servgned to prevent d promote health among groups of persons. Population health registries: n current, undupl dual health-related events for a dened populat Population research: ng research devel - opment, test Populations with barriers to the health care system: Populat to the health care system nsured, the undernsured, and soc nclude all people who, for reasons of age, lack of educa - on, poverty, culture, race, language, relty, or mental d - ty, may encounter barrnto a coord care. Principles of Community Engagement: A tool to provc health profess and commun on for health promoton, protect preventne at: http://www.cdc.gov/phppo/pce/ Protocol for Assessing Community Excellence in Environmental Health (PACE-EH): ronmental health assessment and plann ronmental ne at: http://www.naccho.org/topronmental/CEHA.cfm. Providers: Refer to health care provider . Public health: ence and the art of preventsease, prolongfe, and promot ency through organty efforts toward ronment; the control of commun i s and treatment of dnery to ensure ty a standard of l (Wi Man and Epidemics ty Press, - ety’s desre to create cond (Inst The Future of Public Health . Washonal Academy Pres, ety undertakes to assure the condch people can be healthy. ty efforts to prevent, fy, and counter threats to the health c. (Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Ga Publ Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 3 Public health code of ethics: A statement of the key pr ne at: http://www.apha.org/programs/educaton/progedueth Public health constituencies: Refer to constituency development . Public health director: The person respons department. The governty, often the board of health, appo rector s respons es adopted by the board of health, s responsble for scal and programmat Public health disasters: Severe or catastrophc events that affect the health of a gven area or populat Public health emergency: An occurrence or nent threat of an - oterror or b ty. Such on resultng from a natural dsaster. (Gost The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act ; Draft dated Public Health Functions Steering Committee: A collaborat - sease Preventon and Health Promot red by the Assstant Secretary for Health and the Surgeon General, wh on’s publnfrastructure from through the US DHHS, CDC, NIH, APHA, ASPH, NALBOH, ASTHO, NACCHO, and PHF. Public health laboratory: c research facpment and staff needed c health assessments and to respond to emergency publ es (APHL), www.aphl.org. Public health law competencies: Refer to core public health legal competencies . Public health leadership: Leadersh ronment both nternal and external for publ - tates the creato of a preferred future. Through shared of others to create and mplement plans to enact the shared v n the process of communmprovement. Publ ons that are commty. Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 3 Public Health Leadership Institutes: onal, reg resource development programs proval learn n order to strengthen publ See http://www.heartlandcenters.slu.edu: Public health policy development: Refer to policy development . Public Health Services: The prov i Essential Public Health Services . Public health system: All publ on. These systems are a network of ent fferng roles, relat of the commun Public health workforce: All persons engaged dur that creates the condch people can be healthy. Composed of those who work for es at all levels of government, commun - th a health promotc health-related staff of hosptals and health care ndustry, government, and the voluntary sector. (T and Gebb The Public Health Workforce ” Ann. Rev. Publ Public health workforce standards: Includes cert requred by law or establ Public information ofcer (PIO): al representatve respons dent-related on requrements. dent Management System. Wash March Public participation: n governmental decng processes. on ranges from be - ons that affect commun community collaboration . Q Quality improvement: Refer to continuous quality improvement . Quality of life data: Wh - tors that research has shown to be related to determ nclude the perceptty res about aspects of the s a category recommended for collectty Health Prole. For Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 33 Quarantine: duals and/or groups, mals, or the enforced restran order to prevent or lt the spread of d R Rationing of treatment: Generally refers to the ng of health care treatment through socs can also refer to publ where ng treatment of on to treatment or prophylaxnsure the avaty of treatment to spec Ready access: 4 hours per day, 7 days per week to health problems, hazards, and emergenc Region: ve area, d Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs): Reg ons (RHIOs) are organ on relevant to ther health care. Also known as Health Informat (HIEs), these organ nteroperable health - t between Electronc Health Records (EHRs) and publ Registration area: ted States has regon areas for record In general, regon areas correspond to states and terrth two separate reg areas for the Da and New York Cty. Regulations: gned to control or govern conduct; a governmental order havng the force of law. Regulatory mechanisms: Methods and techn Religious barriers: ces based on relef that prevent or nterfere w cal care. Reportable disease(s): ons that are requred through statute, ord ve rule to be reported to a publ Also see National Notiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) . For more see: http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphs Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 34 Research: ng research development, test des and Human Serv Healthy People 2010. Wash Human Serv Researchers: Someone who performs d n order to dscover or rev Reverse 911 warning system: A system that sends a recorded message to telephone owners from the polnclude a warn - on regardng an emergency. Risk Assessment: c process of evaluatng adverse effects caused by a sub - ty, l currently avac health problems arronment - n Risk Communication: ve process of shar so as to arr ke of the actual and perce related ssues and concerns. Risk factors: Refer to determinants . Risk management: rect llable resources to those areas and strateges where the greatest amount of rsk can be reduced for the least amount of resources. In that “greatest rfferent ways, s a value-laden process. Routine and diagnostic surveillance: Ongo - lat ty, unty, and frequently thety. S Safety-net provider(s): ons that provde health care to low- nsured and those covered by Med Major safety net prov ans, and other prov - al amount of care to these populatne at: http://www.ahrq.gov/data/safetynet/. Sanitary code: A regulaton concerned w ronmental fac waste d Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 35 Screening tests: ng procedures to dfferent sease from those less lsease. (Turnock BJ. Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Ga Self-help: dea of provable alternat econom Self-regulation: ty controls w sals, and peer revew. Self-regulat ng governmental oversght and enforcement. Sentinel (health) events data: ty, or unt f approprmely preventcal care were prov ne-preventable ally could have been detected or treat - s, and unexpected syndromes or ty to health system problems such as mary care and/or screens a category recommended for collect Health Prole. For Septic systems: te wastewater systems to treat household wastewater. (Nat Agr Treatment of Household Wastewater. Wash Inst Social and mental health data: s category represents soc rectly or rectly s a category recommended for collectty Health Prole. For Social-mental health measures: rectly rectly Social capital: te measure that reects both the breadth and depth of c commun c’s part nterconnectedness, wh n shared nterests. Social marketing: A process for - etal benet rather than commercal prot. (Turn Soc Social Marketing: A Resource Guide. Albany, NY: NY Turn Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 36 Socioeconomic characteristics: nclude measures that have been shown to affect health status, such as proporton represented by var recommended for collectty Health Prole. For naccho.org/chsa/ChsaInd Solid waste: More commonly known as trash or garbage—cons as product packagngs, furnture, cloth appl Source and contact tracing: Ident ronment as to have had re the Medical Subject Headings. Wash Sponsors: duals that offer strong Stakeholders: All persons, agenc s broad den ons that benet from and/or partces that promote the c’s health and overall well-be State health improvement plan: mprovement process effort to fy, analyze, and address health problems de health assets and resources; mplement coord re process. The results of the state health mprove - ment process are contamprovement plan. State Health Ofcer: The ch - ted States, the U.S. Terr ons are dedcy, and to assur State health prole: A comprehenson of measures organ report that descrbes the health status of the state’s populaton and the resources ava to address health needs. Measures may be tracked over tfy trends, to evaluate health ons, to compare state data wth peer, nat - sures, and to estables through an de process. State public health agency(ies) (SPHA): SPHAs are the organ by state health ofc rect for the pract Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 37 State public health system (SPHS): The SPHS th other State government agenc de to prov State-of-the-art computer resources: Refer to state-of-the-art technology . State-of-the-art technology: The latest and most soph of a technology. See CDC IT Specications and Technical Assistance at: http://www.cdc.gov/c funct Statewide assets: Contr ld the state’s capac to assure the health, well-bets res Statutory charter: leges from an author or agency of a state or country. A statutory charter may also refer to the wr denes the responsty, or corporat Statutory codes: on’s laws or legal pr arranged by subject. Strategic alignment: nuous process of determon, goals, resources, and object mprovement process and result Strategic alliances: nterests. on, government, fa ty partners to protect and mprove health. Strategic National Stockpile (SNS): onal repos - i a and re-supply state and local publonal emergency, espe - oterrorsm, anywhere and at anyt http://www.bt.cdc.gov/stockp Strategic planning: ned effort to produce fundamental dec shape and gu ng requres broad-scale on of alternat s on the future ons of present dec nterests and values, and foster orderly dec s process supports al mprovement processes and result Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 38 Strategies: Patterns of actde a group toward a v es are broad statements that set a drecton. They are pursued through spec n the programs and serv publ Surge capacity: onal resources when needed durng an emergency. (CDC. Public Health Guidance for Community-Level Preparedness and Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Version 2. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Serv Surveillance: nterpretat regardng agent/hazard, rsk factor, exposure, health event) essent - t of these data to those responsble for preventon and control. Surveillance system(s): A program that conducts publ on products on the magntude and patterns of death, d llance efforts, publc health profess Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. Sustainability: ronmental, and ty. Susta ety, and T Technical assistance: ce, recommendat , als provst the workforce or organmprov publ Technical libraries: ve professcles, journals and other resources related to publ Terrorism: The unlawful use of force or vdual or group of - nst persons or property to date or coerce a government, the c or any segment thereof, Timely: mes harmful delays for both those who receve care and ve care (Inst Shaping the Future. Wash Wi Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 39 Tobacco control: rected towards reduc effects of tobacco products. Thcy efforts n order to decrease the on of tobacco use and to promote cessatldren and adults. U Underlying cause of death: The d rectly to death, or the crcumstances of the accolence that produced the fatal njury. Underserved populations: ers to the health care system nsured, the undernsured, and soc nclude all people who, for reasons of age, lack of educaton, poverty, culture, race, language, relty, or mental dty, may encounter barr nto a coordcal care. See also Populations with barriers to the health care system . Unintentional injury: Refer to Injury . Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems: A report prov CDC’s Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health , research and don of concerns related llance systems, and comments receved from the publty. s report descrbe many tasks and related act ne at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/prev rr50 U.S. Standard Certicates: U.S. Standard L Fetal Death Reports are revng careful evaluat tems. Standard certcates recommended by CDC’s Nat cs (NCHS) are modn each regon area to serve the area’s needs. Most n content and arrangement to the standard cert of the cert U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: A 984 to develop recommendatans on the appropr use of preventc revcal effect To date the US Preventces Task Force has publshed two reports. The rst was publ i Guide to Clinical Preventive Services . The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition was publ Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 40 Utilization: ch health care servces are actually used. For example, number s a measure of utmary care serv and S Delivering Health Care in America: A Systems Approach. Ga Publ V Values: ven process. These are the central concepts that dene how communre to prov Vectors: s term refers to threct t refers to an - es (e.g., rats, mosqu Vector control: Programs desgned to reduce or elnsect or rodent to control programs). Vision: red and possble future that a commun seeks to ach On Futures Thinking for Health and Health Care: Trends, Scenarios, Visions, and Strategies. a, VA: Insttute for Alternatve Futures; res comm tute for Alternatve Futures and the Nat Creating Community Health Visions: A Guide for Local Leaders. a, VA: Insttute for Alternat Futures; on expresses goals that are worth str values that are shared throughout the local publ Vital events: vorces, and of pregnancy, together wdual’s l Vital statistics: ved from certcates and reports of b on of pregnancy, marrvorce, dage, or annulment) and related reports. Vulnerable populations: A group of people w to be at greater rnclude, but are not ted to, age, culture, dty, educatty, health mental health, and race. (Adapted from: Inst Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement. Wash Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 4 W Wastewater: The spent or used water from a home, communty, farm or ssolved or suspended matter. Onlne at: www.epa.gov/docs/OCEPAterms. Weapon of mass destruction (WMD): ary, or po grenade, rocket havng a propellant charge of more than four ounces, m ary charge of more than one-quarter ounce, m gned to release ty at a level dangerous to human l Web-based data query system (WDQS): Provdes user access through a dynam nterface to data on the World Wde Web perta on health. Web-based data query systems es through choosables, measures, statcs, and the format for present the results of the query, such as a table, graph, or map. (Fr Characteris - tics, Desired Functions, and Datasets of State Web-based Data Query Systems. Journal of Publ ce. March/Apr Workforce assessment: The process of determ competenc - ty process bute to prov - cular strengths and assets. The assessment use of performance measures for on of needed profes - on of plans to address ed workforce shortfalls or gaps. For example, recrutment efforts, successng, cross-tra can be coordnated to assure that the workforce (competent, credent Workforce standards: The professcal requrements or pos on) requred by law or establ nes. These standards are lnked to actual job performance through clearly wr ons and regular performance evaluat Worksite(s): on of employment where an r job respons Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 4 XYZ Years of potential life lost (YPLL): A measure of premature death, or death that occurs before age 75, whs measure c health problem on the economy n terms of lost work years and earn ldren. It should be noted that a large percentage of the causes of YPLL are preventable through behav changes, and substance abuse reduct Acronyms, Glossary, And Reference Terms Glossary 43