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Advanced metallic materials Advanced metallic materials

Advanced metallic materials - PowerPoint Presentation

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Advanced metallic materials - PPT Presentation

Prof Priit Kulu 2 Outline Highstrength structural steels Highperformance tool steels Metallicceramic materials Lightweight metals and alloys Superalloys Advanced metallic materials ID: 206785

steels materials high advanced materials steels advanced high metallic strength alloys mm2 tool weight ceramic structural steel alloy metals

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Slide1

Advanced metallic materials

Prof.

Priit

KuluSlide2

2Outline

High-strength structural steels

High-performance

tool

steelsMetallic-ceramic materialsLight-weight metals and alloysSuperalloys

Advanced metallic materials

2Slide3

3

Advanced metallic materials

3

Advanced metallic materials

Metallic materials with superior properties

Superconductive NbTi, Nb

3

Sn, Nb

3

Ge

Structural

alloys

Neodymium rare-earth magnets (

alloys

of Nd, Fe and B) are strongest known permanent magnets. Sm-Co magnets

Mg- and Al-alloys with superior properties, Al-metaglass, foams

Ti-alloys with thermomechanical properties, superalloys, maraging steels, intermetallides, high-density alloys, shape-memory alloys

Biocompatible Ti-alloys

Amorphous alloys with chemical and thermal properties, Ni- and Fe aluminates Slide4

4

Strength groups of materials

Classification based on tensile

strength (Rm) of materialsLow-strength (<250 N/mm2)Mid-strength (250...750 N/mm2)High-strength (750...1500 N/mm2)Ultrahigh-strength (<1500 N/mm2)

4

Advanced metallic materialsSlide5

5

Production technologies of hihg-strength steels and alloys

Advanced metallic materials

5Slide6

6

High-strength structural steels

High-performance

tool

steelsMetallic-ceramic materials

Light-weight metals and alloys

Superalloys

Advanced metallic materials

6Slide7

7

High-strength steel

...

what is it?The end of 1920-s Steel St 52 (S355) for bridge construction

Today

S355

is standard grade

Definition

for “high-strength”

is

dependent on level of development. Steel ReH > 355 MPa

7Advanced metallic materialsSlide8

8

Alloying of ferrite

Hardening

Ageing

Alloying elements, %

Ageing time, t

Methods for increasing strength

structure refinement

alloying – B; microalloying elements – Nb, Ti, V and N

low carbon steels

 transgranular fracture

two- and multi-phase structures – F+M; F+M+B

dispersion strengthening – micro- and nanosteels

deformation

hardening:

- low- & high-temperature- isothermal

- marformingAdvanced metallic materialsSlide9

9

Heat treatable boron-steels

≈ 0,003% of B  increased through-hardenability

 0,002...0,003% of B in solid solution has the same effect on hardenability than 0,7% Cr; 0,5% Mo or 1% Ni

Through-hardenability  diameter up to 200 mmC24CR Rp0,21000; Rm1500; A 7%

9

Advanced metallic materialsSlide10

10

Low-alloy high-strength steels

Also known as HSLA steels

C = 0,2..0,3% ; alloying el: Mn, Si

Micro alloying with Nb, Ti and/or V – dispersion strengthening + grain refinementHX340LADHX460LADRp0,2560; Rm640 N/mm2; A – min 15%

10

Advanced metallic materialsSlide11

11

Two- and multi-phased steels

Also known as duplex (DP) and complex (CP) steels

Ultra-High-strength (UHS) ductile steels

Two-phase LITEC DP Rp0,2750 N/mm2; Rm980 N/mm2; A – min 10%

11

Advanced metallic materialsSlide12

12

good formability and high strength

→ ability of high energy absorption→ high strain-hardening rate→ good fatigue strength

DP-steel

CP-steel

12

Advanced metallic materials

-

Multi-phase

LITEC CP

R

p0,2

900; R

m

980 N/mm2; A – 7%Slide13

13

Maraging (martensite-ageing) steels (1)

Martensitic steels (

 C%)

low ductility and toughness in case of high RmM decomposition, formation of carbide phase  brittlenessMaraging steels in 1980low C-content (0,03%)  transgranular fractionalloying el. – Ni (17...25%), Mo + Ti, Al, Ta etc. Quenching  C-free martensite,

Ageing  intermetallides (4 – 5) nm, (NiTi, Ni3Ti, NiAl, Ni

3

Mo etc.)

R

m

 2000

N/mm

2

, R

p0,2  1500 N/mm2

, A = 10 - 12%13Advanced metallic materialsSlide14

14

Maraging steels (2)

14

Advanced metallic materialsSlide15

15

Termomechanically processed /

deformation hardened

15

Advanced metallic materialshigh temperature

low temperature

isothermal

marformingSlide16

16

Thermomechnical rollingSlide17

17

TRIP-steels (Transformation Induced Plasticity)

Low alloy steels (car industry)

0,2 – 0,3 % C; 1,5 – 2,0 % Mn, Si + Al

High alloy Ni-Cr steeks0,2 – 0,3 % C; 8 – 32 % Ni; 8 – 14 % Cr+Mn (0,5 – 2,5%), Mo, SiQuenching (985 – 1200 °C) → F, B, ADeformation (< Trecr = 250 – 550 °C), A → MRm →1700, Rp0,2 → 1550, A =50 – 60 %, ↑KIC, σ-1Slide18

18

Strength-plasticity of high-strength steels

TMT + def. ageing

KTMT

TMT + def. ageing

Low-alloy steels

Maraging steels (high-alloy)

R

p0,2

N/mm

2

2000

1000

20

40

60

60

A%

TRIP-steelsSlide19

19

High-strength structural steels

High-performance

tool

steelsMetallic-ceramic materialsLight-weight metals and alloys

Superalloys

Advanced metallic materials

19Slide20

20

Advanced tool

steels

(1)

I generation of high-speed steels (HSS)carbide temper hardness steels 500 - 650 0C, e.g. HS 6 – 5 – 2 – 5W-Mo -V –CoIntermetallic temper hardness steels650 - 750 0C, Co7W6, (CoFe)7W6 etc.(11 – 20%)W; 7% Mo; (1-3%)V; (20 – 25%)CoStructure (cast and rolled)

20

Advanced metallic materialsSlide21

21

Advanced tool

steels

(2)

II generation of high-speed steels – PM steels (PM/HIP)Uddeholmi steels Vanadis 4, 6, 10, 23, 30, 60 (Super Clean) (1,3 - 2,9%) C; → 6,5 W; (1,5 - 7%) Mo; (3,1 - 9,8%) V; → 10,5% CoStructure (PM / HIPed)

21

Advanced metallic materialsSlide22

22

Advanced tool

steels

(3)

III generation of high-speed steels – Sprayformed, SF + HIP PM steels, Vanadis 4 EXTRAWEARTEC 2,8 C; 8,9 V; 7,0 Cr; 2,3 Mo; Si; MnROLTEC 1,4C; 4,6Cr; 3,7 V; 3,2 Mo; Si; MnTOUGHTEC 1,6C; 7,2V; 5,0 Cr; 2,3 Mo; Si; Mn

22

Advanced metallic materialsSlide23

23

SF /HIP

Similar

to

PM/HIP, slab formation by spraying methods23

High-Tech Materials & TechnologiesSlide24

24

Strength of

high-speed steels

TRZ, GPa

Diameter of carbide particles, m

24

Advanced metallic materialsSlide25

25

High-strength structural steels

High-performance

tool

steelsMetallic-ceramic materialsLight-weight metals and alloys

Superalloys

Advanced metallic materials

25Slide26

26

Classification of wear resistant materials depending on volumetric content of hard phase

Advanced metallic materials

26Slide27

27

Metallic-ceramic composites

Carbide steels and alloys

Ferro-TiC

Steel (50 - 70)% -TiCDouble-reinforced MMC (Cr-steel + 20%VC) + 20%WCSelf-fluxing alloysNiCrSiB +  50% (WC-Co)Ceramic/metallicTiC-NiMo – (50 - 60)% (NiMo)(2:1) 920 – 1620 HV10Cr3C

2-NiCr – (50 - 60)% NiCr

27

Advanced metallic materialsSlide28

28

High-strength structural steels

High-performance

tool

steelsMetallic-ceramic materials

Light-weight metals and alloys

Superalloys

Advanced metallic materials

28Slide29

29

Light-weight materials – Mg alloys

Mg-alloys

(Mg:

 = 1740 kg/m3, Ts – 649 0C)Alloying elements: Al (3 - 10%); Zn, up to (5 – 6%); Mn; ZrRm  300 N/mm2 (deformable alloys) Rm/  20

220 N/mm2 (cast alloy)

29

Advanced metallic materialsSlide30

30

Light-weight materials –

Al alloys

Al-alloys

Al-Li alloys (Li is only dopant, which  Rm, E, however  = 2500 kg/m3) 2Li, 4Mg,  Rm = 220 – 350; Rp0,2 = 135 – 210 N/mm2Powder-aluminum-alloys

dispersion strengthened Al-alloys (SAP-Al2O3

15%, Al-C-alloys – Al

4

C

3

20 volume%), allowed

working temperature up to 550

0

C

Foam-aluminum ( ~ 200 kg/m3)

30Advanced metallic materialsSlide31

31

High-strength structural steels

High-performance

tool

steelsMetallic-ceramic materials

Light-weight metals and alloys

Superalloys

Advanced metallic materials

31Slide32

32

Superalloys

…alloys capable of service at high temperatures, usually above 1000

°C

→ heat-resistant high-temperature strength alloysNi-alloysCo-alloysheat resistance (oxidation resistance > 600°C)refractory steels = heat res. + high temp. strength32

Advanced metallic materialsSlide33

33

Ni-alloys

Ni uses:

ca

60% – stainless steels 12% – Ni-alloys 10% – coatings 10% – alloy steels Heat resistant alloys (superalloys)wrought (Inconel Ni – 20-23 Cr; Hastelloy Ni- 7-22 Cr-Co)cast ( polycrystalline, directionally solidified, single crystal)PM (HIP-ed, IN 100, Rene 95→ gasturbine disk)718 (cast) Ni – (4,75 – 5,5%) Nb → aerospace, nuclear structuralapplications (-250 – +700

°C).MA 754 PM/HIP Ni – 1% Y

2

O

3

33

Advanced metallic materialsSlide34

34

Co-alloys

Co uses:

ca

46% – superalloys 15% – steels 10% – cemented carbidesWear resistant alloysStellite – Co (10 –30%); Cr (1,5 –22) Ni; up to 15% W; 1 MoHeat resistant alloyswrought Co + (20 –30%) Cr; (14 –15%) Wcast Co +(23 –29%) Cr; (1 –10 %) Ni; 7 WCorrosion resistant alloysUltimet Co + 26Cr; 9Ni; 5Mo; 2W

34

Advanced metallic materialsSlide35

35

General stress-rupture behaviour of superalloysSlide36

36

Thank you for your attention!

TUT materials engineering web-site

:

www.ttu.ee/mtimti@ttu.ee