PPT-Conserving Land and Soil

Sec 41 Objectives E411 Explain how people use land E412 Describe the structure of fertile soil E413 Identify problems that occur when soil is not properly managed What are some things land is used for. They generally are less than 2 inches thick and are massive Crusts are created by the breakdown of structural units by flowing water or raindrops or through freezethaw action Soil crusts are generally only a temporary condition Typically the soil im texturecourtesyNASA: (Getandsample)soilhorizonsmallthesprayLetthebetweenthemoisturethroughout.OncetheStepStep(TestIf the soil: handswhenrubbedandStep themediumribbon Silvia Tobias. 1. , Franz Conen. 2. , Christine Alewell. 2. 1. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL. 2. University of Basel, Dep. Environmental Sciences. Outline. Soil sealing: a core reason for land degradation in industrialised countries. The delicacy of clay crystals. Soil crumb structure. Do not abuse clay!. Add plenty of organic matter. Avoid over-cultivation especially rotary cultivation. Use lime of gypsum to improve structure. Use green manure or mulch to cover the surface. By the end of this section you will be able..... To name and explain the causes of soil erosion.. Describe in detail how human activities can cause soil erosion.. Name and explain the primary methods of soil conservation.. Are they different? and . Do they matter?. Susan Andrews, National Leader. Soil Quality and Ecosystems. National Soil Survey Center. August 9. , . 2012. Soil Quality Definitions. “fitness for use”. Uppermost layer of earth’s crust that supports plants, animals and microbes. Soil Forming Factors. Parent Material. Time. Climate. Vegetation & Organisms. Topography. 1. Parent Material. Refers to the rock and minerals from which the soil derives.. Soil & Water Science Department, University of Florida. GIS Research Lab. Sabine Grunwald. Project Goals. : Modeling of soil carbon along . pedo. -climatic trajectories across diverse ecosystems . Modeling System . – . FEST-C and . Its Application. Ellen Cooter. 1. , Limei Ran. 1. , Verel Benson. 2. , Dongmei . Yang. 3. ,. Jesse Bash. 1. , Ruoyu Wang. 1. , and Yongping Yuan. 1. 1. ORD . NERL/USEPA, Research Triangle Park, . Land Use. Humans have been utilizing the land since the beginning of time, building settlements where there was access to water and fertile soils. Over time developments have been made in order to properly manage land use. Agriculture has been the driving force behind land use, but today there are more needs than just agriculture. Needs such as municipal, transportation, energy, recreation, and waste management. . Aim: . To record soil temperature at different depths and computation of soil heat flux. Instruments required. : . Soil thermometer for 5,10, and 20cm depths. Computation of soil heat flux (. q. T. ). Rolf Reichle. 1. , Gabrielle DeLannoy. 1,2. , and . Wade Crow. 3. 1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Model and Assimilation Office. 2 . University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. 3. USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab. 1. . . INTRODUCTION. Civil and environmental engineering includes the conception, analysis, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of a diversity of structures, facilities, and systems. All are built on, in, or with soil or rock. The properties and behavior of these materials have major influences on the success, economy, and safety of the work. Figure 3-24. Fig. 3-24a, p. 69. Mosaic of closely packed pebbles, boulders. Weak humus-mineral mixture. Dry, brown to reddish-brown with variable accumulations of clay, calcium and carbonate, and soluble salts.