PDF-GALLIUMata in kilograms of gallium content unless otherwise noted) ...

58 Domestic Production and UseNo domestic primary crude unrefined gallium was recovered in 2013 Globally primary gallium is recovered as a byproduct of processing bauxite and zinc ores One com. S mine production of copper in 2012 increased by 4 to about 115 million tons and was valued at about 9 billion Arizona Utah New Mexico Nevada and Montana in descending order of production accounted for more than 99 of domestic mine production copper Arizona cottontop grass Digitaria spp Bamboo muhly grass Muhlenbergia dumosa Blue grama grass Bouteloua gracilis Buckwheats Eriogonum spp Cassia Senna spp Curly mesquite grass Hilaria belangeri Deer grass Muhlenbergia rigens Desert fourocl Silver was produced at 3 silver mines and as a byproduct or coproduct from 39 domestic base and precious metal mines Alaska continued as the countrys leading silver producing State followed by Nevada There were 14 US refiners that indicated producti 6 billion was produced by 120 companies from 177 operations in 31 State s Leading States were in order of tonnage produced Wisconsin Illinois Texas Minnesota Oklahoma Arkansas Michigan and Iowa Combined production from these States accounted for 74 o In addition 3 of domestic gold was recovered as a byproduct of processing base metals chiefly copper Thirty operations yielded more than 99 of the gold produced in the United States Dome stic gold mine production in 2013 was estimated to be about 22 The total value was estimated to be about 16 billion Twenty eight companies operated 61 plants in 16 States The estimated percentage of salt sold or used by type was salt in brine 46 rock salt 36 vacuum pan 11 and solar salt 7 The chemical industry 94 Domestic Production and Use The only commercially active lithium mine in the United States was a brine operation in Nevada. The mine’s production capacity was expanded in 2012, and a new lith 94 Domestic Production and Use The only active lithium carbonate plant in the United States was a brine operation in Nevada. Two companies produced a large array of downstream lithium compounds in th 46 Domestic Production and Use Significant U.S. cobaltmine production has not been reported since 1971, and production of refined cobalt from imported nickelcoppercobalt matteceased in 1985. U.S. sup 64 Domestic Production and UseGermanium production in the United States comes from either the processing of imported germanium compounds or recycling domestic industrygenerated scrap. Germanium for Domestic Production and UseIn 2014, the United States produced approximately 1,170 tons of silver with an estimated value of $718 million. Silver was produced at 3 silver mines and as a byproduct or 34 Domestic Production and UseBromine was recovered from underground brines by two companies in Arkansas. Bromine often isthe leading mineral commodity, in terms of value, produced in Arkansas. The Center for Emergent Materials—an NSF MRSEC. Award Number DMR-1420451. P. artially . supported by DOE DE-FG02-03ER46054 . H. ow spinning electrons communicate across interfaces. Figure:. Top two panels show a 2D slice of a gallium arsenide layer with electron position shown in yellow and the direction of their spin shown as red arrows for low (left panel) and high (right panel) temperature. Once the electrons are hot enough, they evaporate out of local traps (bottom panels) and homogeneously distribute throughout the material, evenly spreading the spin.. 1. Maureen K. . Petterson. Applied Materials . N.Y., N.Y., USA. Hartmut F.-W. Sadrozinski. SCIPP, UC Santa Cruz, . Santa Cruz, CA 95064. LGAD: Stack. 2. Phosphorous implantation:. First: Energy: 70 .