Arabia and the Gulf Link to syllabus Link to Chronology Link to httpsctoolsumicheduportal Saudi Arabia map Focal point of the Pilgrimage to Mecca the Kaaba is situated at the heart of the Holy Mosques central courtyard ID: 196347
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Slide1
Saudi Arabia and the Gulf
Link to syllabusLink to Chronology
Link to
https://ctools.umich.edu/portalSlide2
Saudi Arabia mapSlide3
Focal point of the Pilgrimage to Mecca:
the Kaaba is situated at the heart of the Holy Mosque’s central courtyard Slide4
The mosque at Medina
The Prophet’s Mosque contains the tomb of the Prophet
Muhammad, peace be upon him, and is therefore one of Islam’s
most sacred shrines. (The first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and
Umar, are also buried there.)
http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/h200.htmSlide5
Grave of the Prophet Muhammad,in the Mosque at MedinaSlide6
Statement about Islam and the Prophet
The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was born around570 C.E. At the age of 40, Muhammad received his call to become a prophet. He received the word of God through theAngel Gabriel and the divine message was recorded in the Holy Qur'an
.
The God that spoke to Muhammad was the God of Abraham.
Islam is thus essentially part of the great monotheistic movement
that emerged and developed in the Near East. In Muhammad,
regarded as the "seal of the prophets", the message of God for
man was finally comprehended and Islam (submission to the
will of Allah) is seen by Muslims as the apotheosis of the
Judaeo-Christian tradition.
From the Saudi Arabian Government’s web site. http://www.saudinf.com/main/b62.htmSlide7
Ottoman EmpireSlide8
King Abdul Aziz Ibn Sa’ud
1879-1953 King 1932-53Starting in 1902, he re-conqueredRiyadh and eventually unified (most of) the peninsula, using both armed force and marriage
alliances. Had > 60
children, and
s
ome 40 sons.
It is said that he was not able to
accept the modern world of his
late years.
From Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939, by Badr El HageSlide9
Saudi Expansion and Classical Yemen
From Dresch A History of
Modern YemenSlide10
Arabian Family TreesSlide11
King Sa’ud
1902-1969
King 1953-1964
Forced out by his more forceful
brother Faisal; died in exile in GreeceSlide12
King Faisal I
1906-1975
King 1964-1975
Important “modernizer.”
Assassinated by a nephew in a revenge
killing. Succeeded by Khalid, whose
bad health
resulted
in power being
exercised by Fahd, who eventually
became
King.Slide13
King Abdullah
Born 1923 or 24; father is Abdul Aziz bin Saud. Succeeded King Fahd, his half-brother, in 2005. Was head of the National Guard.Had no ‘formal’ education.Has been projecting a more
assertive role for Saudi foreign policy. Labeled US
occupation in Iraq ‘illegitimate
’. Said to be in
i
ll health, with maladies
t
ypical of his age.Slide14
(Then) Crown Prince Abdullah and V. Putin, Sept. 2003Slide15
Salman bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud
Born 1935 in Riyadh; is the Crown Prince (next in line), also Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of Defense.
His mother is Hass al-
Sudairi
– the
Sudairi
brothers are said to be an
important group in family politics.
Prince Salman
was appointed Governor of
Riyadh.
He is described as a mediator in problems inside the House of Saud.
The prince’s health is rumored to
b
e not good.Slide16
Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz
Born 1945 – youngest son of King
Abdulaziz
.
Recently named second in line to replace the
king – an unusual step.
Has been head of the Saudi Intelligence Agency.
Said to be a close ally of the king, and to be
a
‘traditionalist.’
One presumes that after
Muqrin
, the next king will have to be a grandson
of Abdul Aziz. What will be the process by which that person is chosen?Slide17
Prince Bandar
Born
1949
His father was once Crown Prince.
Saudi Ambassador to US 1983-2005
Currently
is the kingdom’s
national security chief
.
Resigned
yesterday April 16, 2014.
Has received education and military
training in the U.K. and U.S.
Described as a long-time friend
of the Bush family. Slide18
Ambassador Adel bin Ahmed Al-Jubeir
Born February 1, 1962 in
Majma'ah
(Riyadh Province), Saudi Arabia, and attended schools in the Kingdom, Germany, Yemen, Lebanon, and the U.S.
Not
from the royal family. He obtained a B.A.
summa cum laude
in political science and economics from the University of North Texas in 1982, and an M.A. in international relations
from Georgetown University in 1984. Appointed Jan., 2007Slide19
Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Yamani
Saudi Minister of Oil, 1962-1986.
Born
1839 in
Hijaz
, not of the royal family.
Harvard educated, favorite of King
Faisal. Steered OPEC during its high
tide. Ultimately dismissed, (they say)
over debate about whether to invest
Petro-dollars abroad in downstream oil
companies-which he favored, versus
inside the country. Was often described
as a “price hawk.” Currently resides
in England, leading an oil consulting
Company.
“The stone age ended before we ran out
of stones; the oil age will end before we
run out of oil.”Slide20
Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al
Saud
Born 1940. Educated at Princeton. Has been
Saudi foreign minister since 1975 – the longest
serving FM alive. Has some health problems.
Is frequently described as working to reduce
U.S. influence in the region.
Strong supporter of Palestinian causes. Hostile to Bashar al-Assad.
After significant lobbying, Saudi Arabia was given a rotating seat on
the United Nations Security Council in October, 2013, which they then rejected.
NYT
: this
decision
underscored
the depth of Saudi anger over what the monarchy sees as weak and conciliatory Western stances toward Syria and Iran, Saudi Arabia’s regional rival. Slide21
Statement about the Saudi Government
It is important to recognize that the Saudi system of government, as defined under the Basic System and the
establishment of the Consultative Council, is not a move
towards Western-style democracy, much less an imitation
of Western-style democratic reform. It is an organic
Development of the consultative basis of the relationship
between the leader and the people that is inherent in
Islamic tradition
.
http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/k100.htmSlide22
Statement about Saudi Foreign Aid
In the twenty years from 1973 to 1993, despite considerable variations in national revenues and many competing demands,
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provided 5.5% of its Gross
National Product in overseas aid. Given that the United Nations
has suggested 0.7% as the lower limit for donor countries, the
Kingdom’s contribution has been outstanding
.
From the Saudi Government’s web site:
http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/n010.htmSlide23
Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal al-Saud
Al
Waleed
buying an Airbus
Born 1956. Mother is Lebanese. Education:
Menlo College, Bachelor of Arts&Science
Syracuse University, Master of Science
#19 on Forbes list of world’s richest.
His Kingdom Holding has major funds
in Citicorp, Disney-Europe, Four Seasons,
AOL, Apple, Worldcom…
Said to donate US$100 million/yr
to charities, including several
institutes in US universities.Slide24Slide25
Osama bin Laden
Born 1957 in Saudi
Arabia. Killed 2011
His father made a fortune in the
construction business in S.A.
Went to Afghanistan ~1979 to support
anti-Soviet forces, and helped form
al-Qaeda in 1988.
Objected to US military presence
in Saudi Arabia. His citizenship was
revoked in 1994. Leader in planning
the 9/11 attacks.Slide26
Old Jeddah
From
Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time
1861-1939
, by Badr El HageSlide27
The Great Mosque of Riyadh, 1920s
Source:
Guise,
Riyadh
AAL DS 248 R7 G85 1988
Slide28
Riyadh, cloth market 1937
Source: Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939, by Badr El HageSlide29
Riyadh, Open air market,
1937
From
Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939
, by Badr El HageSlide30
Saudi Desalination Plant
From “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques: King Fahd Bid Abdul AzizSlide31
Riyadh StadiumSlide32
Saudi National Football TeamSlide33
University Avenue, RiyadhSlide34
King Faisal Charitable Foundation, RiyadhSlide35
Ministry of the Interior, RiyadhSlide36
Dam Inauguration, Narjan Saudi Arabia
Source: Tchekof Minosa
Najran Desert
Garden of Arabia
Slide37
Irrigated Field in Narjan, Saudi Arabia
Tchekof Minosa
Najran
Desert Garden of Arabia,
p. 30Slide38
Saudi Agriculture, ISlide39
Saudi Agriculture, IISlide40
Saudi Agriculture,IIISlide41
Horse races in Riyadh
Guise,
Riyadh
p. 38Slide42
Riyadh: Street corner market for falcons
Guise,
Riyadh
AAL DS 248 R7 G85 1988
Slide43
Riyadh, Passport Office
Source:
Guise,
Riyadh
p. 26Slide44
Riyadh: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Source:
Guise,
Riyadh
page 26Slide45
Riyadh: King Saud University
Source:Guise,
Riyadh
p. 79Slide46
Riyadh: King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital
Source:
Guise,
Riyadh
AAL DS 248 R7 G85 1988
Page 88Slide47
Other GulfSlide48
Gulf physical mapSlide49
Persian Gulf map of cities and roadsSlide50
Gulf Oil
Source: Cordesman, Saudi Arabia Enters the Twenty-First CenturySlide51
Gulf ChronologySlide52
Sheik Ahmad 1 of Kuwait
1885-1950
Ruled 1921-1950
During his reign Kuwait is transformed
from a modest fishing country to a
major oil exporter.
Chose to side with Britain during WWII
Never was popular with the people.Slide53
Emir Sabah IVAhmad
al-JaberBorn 1929Emir since 2006
Was Foreign Minister for 40 years.
Has been challenged to reconcile
strong grass-roots movements for
f
reedom of speech and democracySlide54
Map of QatarSlide55
Qatar’s former Emir Hamad al
Thani, and his wife Mozah bintNasser.
Emir
Hamad
turned power to his
s
on
Tamim
while apparently still in
g
ood health. He is credited for many
a
chievements in Qatar’s economy and socio-political arrangements. His wife
Mozah
has been unusually
a
ctive in public affairs. She got a BA in Sociology from U Qatar 1986Slide56
Tamim bin Hamad
bin Khalifa al-Thani, 1980 -
Fourth son of Emir
Hamad
, becoming Emir in June, 2013. Educated in U.K.
Had been carefully groomed to be Emir, achieving experience in foreign and
domestic affairs, including the military. Has also promoted sports inside
Qatar, which will host World Cup in 2022.Slide57
Qatar National Museum:To be opened in 2014Slide58
Link to Global Security map of Qatar
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/al-udeid-imagery2.htmSlide59
UAE Topographical mapSlide60
UAE Map. Main citiesSlide61
UAE Beach HotelSlide62
Tennis Winner in Abu Dhabi
El Universal
, Dec. 28 2013Slide63
Map of YemenSlide64
Map of Middle East
Strategic importanceOf Yemen, for
the BritishSlide65
Religious Groups in Yemen
Zaydi Islam 14,000,000 73.0%
Sunni Islam
5,250,000 27.0%
Isma'ili
Islam
50,000 0.3%
Christianity
5,000 >0.1%
Hinduism
2,000 >0,1%
The figures here are rough estimates, as there exist little background material.
Zaydism
is the second largest group inside
Shi'i
Islam.
Source:
Encyclopaedia
of the OrientSlide66
Yemen around 1900Slide67
Link to Yemen ChronologySlide68
Saudi Expansion and Classical Yemen (again)
From Dresch
A History of
Modern YemenSlide69
Yemen in late 1990sSlide70
Divided Yemen
Source: Dresch A History of
Modern Yemen
Slide71
Ahmad Bin Yahya
1895-1962
Ruler of North Yemen 1948-62
Father was killed in a coup, from
which he himself escaped. He died
a natural death, but his successor
was immediately overthrown by
Army officers, who then
proclaimed the Yemen Arab
Republic. He cooperated
with -
but ultimately clashed
with -
Nasser
and Egypt.Slide72
Ali Abdullah Saleh
President of North
Yemen in
1978; of united
Yemen in
1990.
Re-elected in 2006.
Was seriously wounded in 2012, and subsequently agreed to share power with his V.P.
Abd
Rabbuh
Mansur.
Born
1942, near Sana’a.Slide73
Map of BahrainSlide74
Sultan Qaboos
ibn Said
Born in Oman in 1940, son of the
Sultan.
Studied in Britain (
Sandhurst
).
Was put in under house arrest by his
father, but was able to engineer a coup.
Sultan since 1970, as well as Minister
of Defense and Foreign Affairs.
Has used oil revenues to improve the
infrastructure of the country. Oman has
limited freedom of speech
.
The Sultan has no children, but succession
is guaranteed.Slide75