Saudi Arabia By Katelyn Burch - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Saudi Arabia

By Katelyn BurchAnnie MaximEmam Imran

Slide2

Located in the Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen 

 Is

the birthplace of Islam and home to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina 

Bordering countries

Iraq 

Jordan Kuwait OmanThe largest country in the world without a river Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron, gold, copper 

Introduction

Qatar

 UAE

Yemen 

Slide3

As of January 2016, the population is 31,000,000 

The growth rate as of 2014 is 1.49% The ethnic composition of Saudi citizens is

 90% Arab 

10% Afro-Asian 

The official language is Arabic

Demographics

Slide4

Religion 

Majority is Sunni Muslim 85-90% Shiite, the largest Muslim minority, 10-15% The other Muslim minorities such as the Ismailis and Zaidis reside in the south 

Shia Muslims are concentrated in the Eastern Province, where they take over two-third of the population 

Uncertain amount of Christians  

Eastern Orthodox 

Protestant Roman Catholic       

Demographics

Slide5

Other religious groups include Jews, Hindus, Sikhs, and Buddhists 

Despite having a large community of various faiths (more than 30% of the population), most forms of different public religious expressions are not allowed 

There is also a majority of Asian immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines 

About 51% of the population is under the age of 25  

The median age of a Saudi is 25

Demographics

Slide6

The Royal Family

Al SaudFrom Nejd, central ArabiaBegan 1744Founder, Muhammed Bin Saud joined with religious leader Muhammed Ibn Abd al-Wahhab

First Saudi State

Est. 1744 in Riyadh 

Destroyed 1818 by Ottomans

Second Saudi State Est. 1824 in Nejd1891- Disputes with the Al Rashid family lead to the Al Saud dynasty being driven into exile  

Pre-current Political Structure

Slide7

Early 20th Century

Ottomans still ruling the peninsulaArabia was made up of Tribal RulersHejaz ruled by Sharif of Mecca

1902-Abdul Aziz recaptures Riyadh and brings Al Saud back to Nejd

Abdul Aziz is later known as Ibn Saud

Ikhwan, a tribal army supports him

 1913-Ikhwan support helped Ibn Saud capture Al-Asha from Ottomans1916-Hussein bin Ali led pan-Arab Revolt against OttomansHussein bin Ali  is the Sharif of MeccaLed to the creation of a united Arab state

1916-1918 Arab Revolt did not succeed Allies success in WWI did however lead to the end of the Ottomans and their control of Arabia

Almost Current Political Structure

Slide8

Ibn Saud continued to deal with the Al Rashid's

1921 became Sultan of Nejd after victory against Al Rashid1924-1925 Ikhwan

helped conquer the Hejaz

January 10,1925 Ibn Saud declared himself King of Hejaz

Next year he titled himself King of Nejd

He ruled the kingdoms separately for the next 5 yearsBasically Almost there Current Political Structure

Slide9

After the Hejaz was conquered the

Ikhwan's, main objective switchedDecided to expand to Wahhabism realm 

Would be expanding into the British protectorates

Area that is controlled and protected by another

Ibn Saud disagreed

Thought that a direct conflict with the British would be a bad ideaIkhwan was done with Ibn Saud's policies Favored modernization 

Non-Muslim immigrants let inDisagreement lead to a 2 year war1929 Battle of

Sabilla

the

Ikhawns

were defeated

Ikhwans

leaders were massacred 

1932-Ibn Saud combined Hejaz and Nejd into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Slide10

Heditary Monarchy 

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia1932-Founded by Ibn SaudCurrent ruler

Salman

bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

January 23,2015

Born December 31,1935Was Deputy Govenor and Governor of RiyadhAppointed as Minister of DefenseBecame King after half-brother died

Is also Deputy Prime Minister

Current

Political Structure

Of Saudi Arabia

Slide11

Basic law of Governance

Says Government rights and responsibilities Estabilshed (by royal decrees) in 1992

Executive Branch

King  

Prime Minister

Chief of StateHead of GovernmentCommander in Chief of the Saudi Arabian ArmyKing's Cabinet (Council of Ministers) Appointed every 4 years (by King)Many are family members

22 government ministires are part of the cabiniet2009 appointed first female cabinet member Norah Al-Fayez

How they are Governed

Slide12

Legislative Branch

Consulative Council Majilis as-Shura or Shura Council

150 members

Appointed by King 

4 year renewable term

Members assigned to committeesHuman Rights EducationCulture Health

2011-King announced women could be on councilAppointed 30 women

Law made sayin 20% of council must be women

2013-Council wanted to start voting in members 

No elections have been announced

Slide13

Judicial Branch

Governed according to Islamic Law

Saudi Court System

Three Main Parts

Shari’ah

Courts Courts of the First Instance 

Summary and General Courts

 Courts of Cassation 

Supreme Judicial Council

Board of Grievances

Cases that involve the government

Various Committees

Address specific disputes

Labor Disputes for example

Slide14

History Since World War l 

Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 by King

Abdulaziz

Al Saud

Abdulaziz

 ruled an absolute monarch  (1932-1953)

All

6 of his sons ruled at some point

after his death in 1953 

Oil reserves were discovered in 1938 in the Al-

Hasa

 region, by the Persian Gulf Coast 

Development of processing the oil began in 1941

Oil production began in 1949

King

Abdulaziz

agreed with President Franklin Roosevelt to supply oil to the US in 1945

Slide15

History Since WWI

1. Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – 1st son to succeed in ruling 

Ruled from 1953-1964 

Experienced wealth and prosperity from oil production

Government officials were careless and inefficient. 

 Developed deficits and had to borrow money from foreign countries.2. Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud- 2nd son to succeed

Ruled from 1964-1975Took power in hope of reform for the country.

Saved the country's political significance through the

1973 Oil Crisis

.

Saudi Arabia partook in the

Arab Oil Boycott

against supplying oil to the US and Netherlands during the

1973 Arab-Israeli War.

  Oil prices increased for  US and other countries after the war

As a result, Saudi Arabia gained back much of its wealth and began to modernize.

Slide16

3. Khalid bin 

Adbulaziz Al Saud- 3rd son to succeed 

Ruled from 1975-1982 

Enacted to have himself be the final decider on all major policies 

Was not an extremely effective leader 

Ruled when Islamic extremists temporarily seized control of the Grand Mosque in Mecca in 1979.  Strict Islamic Code was enacted in response 4. Fahd bin Adbulaziz

 Al Saud- 4th son to succeed  Ruled from 1982-2005 

Became the largest oil producer in the world while Fahd was in power. 

Allied with the US in the Gulf War, which angered Islamists. 

Terrorist Attacks began to take place in the early 2000's  

Fahd is known for introducing 

The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia.

History Since WWI

Slide17

History Since World War l

5. Abdullah bin

Abdulaziz

Al Saud- 5th son to succeed 

Ruled from 2005-2015

Made many small reforms to the country

No reforms were made to help the Arab Spring protests (2011)

Welfare spending increased

6. Salman bin

Abdulaziz

Al Saud-6th son to succeed

Ruled from 2015- present day

Under Salman's rule, Saudi Arabia military has stepped in on the Yemeni Civil War

Slide18

U.S. Relations with Saudi Arabia

1933-U.S. started to look for oil

Chevron was allowed to explore Saudi Arabia

Discovered oil in 1938

Allowed because they were afraid of the colonial powers

Egypt 1945FDR met with King Abdlaziz on USS Murphy

Solidified the US-Saudi relationship

There have been strains

Differences on issues

2011 Arab protests

Iran

Saudi and US officials stress the importance of the relationship and common interests

Slide19

The Thing with Oil

Saudi Arabia was the primary source of oil to the US

The US has major deposits of shale underground

Cheaper

We don’t have to ship across an ocean

On the Rocks

Terrorist Supporters or No

Backing jihadist rebels in Syria

May have supported the 9/11 attacks

Funding Muslim radicalism in mosques and charities at the time the Sept. 11, 2001

Congress passed bill in September letting families affected by 9/11 to sue Saudi Arabia

Ghawar

Oil Field has enough oil for 4,770,897 Olympic size swimming pools

An Olympic swimming pool holds 660,253.09 gallons

Slide20

On the Rocks Part 2

Iran Nuclear Deal

Iran and Saudi Arabia do not get along

Mostly because of religious differences 

Saudi Arabia being Sunni and Iran being Shia

Political agendas are differentBoth countries deal with exporting oilSince the US signed it tensions have increased between the US and Saudi Arabia

Slide21

Slide22

Swordsman Shortage

In 2015 an average of one      person killed every other dayCatching Witches

Water is more expensive than oil

Diyya

Paying for freedom

$106,000 to avoid punishment for premeditated murderSidewalk SkiingThe Highest Room of the Tallest Tower1km taller than the worlds tallest building3280 feet

Finished in 2020

Random Facts about Saudi Arabia that are Somewhat Weird

Slide23

http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2016/04/21/exp-connect-the-world-becky-anderson-us-saudi-relations.cnn