do not live alone B ackground Design E Buunk SE de Mink HST image NASA Paresce Selma E de Mink Hubble Science Briefing February 7 2013 Hubble Fellow at Space Telescope Science Institute Johns Hopkins University ID: 229716
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Slide1
t
he brightest stars
do not live alone
Background Design E. Buunk / S.E. de Mink, HST image: NASA Paresce
Selma E. de MinkHubble Science Briefing , February 7, 2013Hubble Fellow at Space Telescope Science Institute / Johns Hopkins UniversitySlide2
t
he brightest stars
are
embedded in clouds of gas & dustare up to a million times brighter than the Sun
live fast and die young
are rare
are very hard to study
B
ackground Design E.
Buunk
/ S.E. de Mink,
HST image: NASA
Paresce
2Slide3
This is what we thought …
Massive Stars*
Low-mass
StarsBOOM
*8
-150 times more
massive than the sun
…. but it turns out that it is not that simple
3Slide4
Some stars are Single
4Slide5
The Sun is a single star
If the Sun were the size of a baseball …
… the nearest star would be in Houston, TX (1,400 mi. away)
… in Yankee stadium…
5Slide6
many stars are quite unlike the Sun
Artist impression: (
ESO/L.
Calçada/Nick Risinger)
Alpha Centauri, our nearest neighbor, is a multiple system: Star A & B orbit each other every 80 years
6Slide7
another famous multiple
Image Credit: ESO Online Digitized Sky Survey
Alcor
&
Mizar
7Slide8
3 binaries forming a sextuple system
Image Credit: ESO Online Digitized Sky Survey
Zimmerman et al. 2009
Spectroscopic binary
Alcor
A & B
Mizar
A & B
Mizar
A: a & b
Mizar
B: a & b
8
ASlide9
Classic definition
Binary System =
a system of two objects in space (usually stars), which are so close that their gravitational interaction causes them to
orbit around their common center of mass. According to this definition, almost all stars are binaries (or multiples
). The Sun is one of the exceptions.
9Slide10
Not every binary is equal
Close Binary System
Closer than the distance from the
Sun to Mars. One orbit takes between a day and few years.
Wide Binary SystemWider than the distance from the Sun to Jupiter
.
One orbit takes
a few years up to centuries
or more.
10Slide11
Close binary stars
11Slide12
A
typical star becomes about 100-1000 times bigger during its life …
12Slide13
=
Therefore, stars in close binary systems will interact
13Slide14
Artist Illustration of a “vampire star system
”:
ESO:
Calçada/Kornmesser/de Mink14Slide15
Questions so far?
15Slide16
How many stars are in such close binaries?
16Slide17
Six young star clusters
17Slide18
Using the Doppler effect to find binaries
18Slide19
19Slide20
20Slide21
How many stars are in such close binaries?
21Slide22
What % of massive stars will interact
Sana & de Mink et al. Science, Cartoons: de Mink /
Buunk
22Slide23
It is not this simple …
Massive Stars*
Low-mass
StarsBOOM
See video:
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/33/video/b/
23Slide24
Bonus:cool things that binaries do
24Slide25
make fast rotating runaway stars
25Slide26
Conclusion
26Slide27
t
he brightest stars
do not live alone
Background Design E. Buunk / S.E. de Mink,
HST image: NASA ParesceSelma E. de Mink
Science 27 July 2012:
Vol. 337 no. 6093
pp
. 444-446
More information:
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/33/full/