The Crusades "God wills it!" - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The CrusadesSlide2

"God wills it!"

That was the battle cry of the thousands of Christians who joined crusades to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.  From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusadesOnly the First Crusade was successful from a Christian standpoint.

In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights, soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle.

Don’t Write ThisSlide3

The Beginning

The time is 1050 A.D.

Seljuk Turks have invaded the Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine empire is at the brink of total destruction . . .Slide4

Byzantine Emperor

Alexius is in desperate need of help, so he calls out to his Christian Brothers in the West

More specifically – The Pope Urban IISlide5

Pope Urban II agrees to help Alexius

Urban II calls the

Council of Clermont

to drum up support for AlexiusSlide6

 Famous picture of the

Council of Clermont

We will learn later that this is not what it looked like at allSlide7

Pope Urban II againSlide8

At the Council the Pope urged French and German Bishops to “Reclaim the Holy Land”

“Holy Land” = JerusalemSlide9

Reasons For The Crusades

The Pope believed that the Crusades would increase his power in EuropeSlide10

Christians believed that their sins would be forgiven if they participated in the CrusadesSlide11

Nobles hoped to gain wealth and land by participating in the CrusadesSlide12

Adventures saw the Crusades as a chance for travel and excitementSlide13

Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression by fighting in the CrusadesSlide14

The 1

st Crusade

The Crusade begins with in 1095 and ends in 1099 with the fall of Jerusalem.The crusaders establish the Kingdom of Jerusalem and other

crusader states

nearby.Slide15

Route of the first CrusadeSlide16

Crusader

StatesSlide17

1

st Crusade (2)

Although these gains lasted for less than two hundred years, the First Crusade was a major turning point in the expansion of Western power.Slide18

1

st Crusade

The military success of the 1st Crusade also opened up

trade routes

that had been closed since the fall of the Western Roman EmpireSlide19

Don’t Write

After the Western Victory most Crusaders returned home

According to

William of Tyre

, "barely three hundred knights and two thousand foot soldiers could be found" in the kingdom in 1100. From the very beginning, the Crusaders were little more than a colonial frontier exercising rule over the native Muslim, Greek and Syrian population, who were more populous in number. Slide20

The 2

nd

Crusade



called in 1145 in response to the fall of the

County of Edessa

the previous year

.

“The Crusade for Damascus”Slide21

2

nd Crusade (2)

Edessa was the first of the Crusader states to have been founded during the

First Crusade

(1095–1099), and was the first to fall.

Slide22

2

nd Crusade (3)

The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III, and was the first of the crusades to be led by European kings, namely

Louis

VII of

France and

Conrad III

of Germany,Slide23

2

nd Crusade (4)

The armies of the two kings marched separately across Europe after crossing Byzantine territory into Turkey, both armies were constantly attacked by the

Seljuk Turks

.Slide24

2

nd Crusade (5)

Louis and Conrad and the remnants of their armies reached Jerusalem

and, in 1148, participated in an ill-advised attack on

Damascus

. Slide25

The 2nd crusade was a

failure for the crusaders

and a great

victory for the Muslims.

2nd Crusade (6)Slide26

2

nd Crusade (7)

It would ultimately lead to the fall of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade

at the end of the 12th century.Slide27

2

nd Crusade (8)after the 2nd

Crusade