Thermodynamics Scientistmel.com - PowerPoint Presentation

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Thermodynamics

Scientistmel.comPatreon.com/scientistmelTwitter.com/scientistmel

4-7-18 11 am CST

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Thermodynamics

Studies the effects on a system

WorkHeatEnergy

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System?

System – quantity of matter

Boundaries – fixed or moveable (work & heat)Surroundings – outside of the boundaries

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System?

Open System – matter and energy exchange

Closed – only energy exchangesIsolated – nothing exchanges

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System?

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System?

Open System

Living ThingsEcosystems

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System?

Open System

Living ThingsEcosystems

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Thermodynamics

Zeroth Law

First LawSecond LawThird Law

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Zeroth Law!

Thermodynamic

Equilibrium and Temperature

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First Law!

Extension of Conservation of Energy

delta U = Q - WInternal energy changes – delta UAdd Heat - QMinus Work - W

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First Law!

Chambers have internal energy

Heat goes in and pistons moveEnergy change in chambers = heat - work

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First Law!

Volume (V) increases as Temperature (T) increases

Pressure (P) decreases as Volume increasesPV = nRT(H) Enthalpy (Potential and kinetic) includes internal energy

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Second Law!

Entropy increases in irreversible states

Entropy stays the same in reversible statesChange in entropy equals change in heat over temp

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Second Law!

Entropy ends up the same

Increases with disorganizationDecreases with organization

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Second Law!

Information Entropy

DNAEnergy is spent generating informationInformation is organization

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Second Law!

Evolution does not violate it

A closed system does increase entropyThe disorder can occur elsewhere within the systemNature generates disorder and orderWe still lose most energy as heat from our body

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Second Law

Mutations in DNA do generate disorder…but that would only make a substantial impact if we were all closed systems without any exchange of matter. That is not the case. Organisms with bad traits tend to not have as many offspring over time to cause a particular trait to stick in the population. If the gene pool stayed the same without any movement of new populations, we would then see an increase in ill traits…also why we don’t have children with family members…that would be a genetically closed system if all you did was have babies with people who likely have mutations/various potentially problematic code to cause it to be pronounced in your closed genetic system. Evolution would eventually cause such organisms to die out and quickly thus increasing disorganization and death. This scenario is also making the assumption that no symbiotic relationships would occur…for example, beneficial bacteria to interact and take on some roles as well as virus interacting with DNA which in turn could cause changes…possibly beneficial. Evolution does not violate the second law, it follows it to the letter.

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Third Law!

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Third Law

Third law pretty much states when absolute zero is reached…how that effects atoms, pressure, volume, and entropy

Essentially nothing is moving, vibrating, pressure is constant as is volume…energy doesn’t change, work doesn’t happen…essentially nothing is happening therefore entropy is 0.

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Thermodynamics

Studies the effects on a system

WorkHeatEnergy

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Thermodynamics

Zeroth Law

First LawSecond LawThird Law

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Sources

http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/most-popular/136-physics/general-physics/thermodynamics/816-does-evolution-contradict-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-intermediate

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/thermo.html

https://www.haystack.mit.edu/edu/pcr/MOSAIC/8-Thermodynamics/Laws%20of%20Thermodynamics.pdf

http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node11.html

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Thermodynamics

https://www.uvm.edu/~cmehrten/courses/earthhist/Earth%20Closed%20System.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519397904938

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2012/132625/

http://slideplayer.com/slide/8080498/

https://www.livescience.com/50942-third-law-thermodynamics.html

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Thermodynamics

Scientistmel.comPatreon.com/scientistmelTwitter.com/scientistmel

4-7-18 11 am CST