Cesar A Guerrero Eng Mount Gay Dist Consultant BSTA Annual Conference Meeting Feb 6 2015 Barbados Thinking out of the box Think about it An scenario of sugarcane production on small and medium farms and their importance for the country ID: 611805
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Slide1
Vinasse as a fertilizer and soil amendment
Cesar A. Guerrero, EngMount Gay Dist. - Consultant
BSTA Annual Conference Meeting
Feb. 6, 2015
BarbadosSlide2
!Thinking out of the box!
Think about it:An scenario of sugarcane production on small and medium farms and their importance for the countryBasic review of low cost of cane production and the sustainability of the industry Rum distillation and Vinasse - Problem or solution?
Positive and negative aspects of vinasse
Less use of synthetic fertilizers
Improving cane yield and soil condition Slide3
Origen of Molasses?
The cane is harvested, transported and crushed The juice is boiled to concentrate it, promoting sugar crystallizationCane syrup or first syrup has the highest sugar contentMolasses is created with the second boiling and sugar extraction.Use to be a pollutant till uses were found (alcohol distilleries, ruminant feed, etc.) Slide4
Origen of Vinasse?
Vinasse is a product of distillation of the beer (fermented Molasses-cane juice) for alcohol production.Is an aqueous effluent with suspended solids
It is largely composed of water, organic matter and minerals elements.
Vinasse can be a valuable organic fertilizer (mostly replacing potassium), as well as an important source of water replacement on the soil.
Accordingly, it has been used by the sugarcane industry for fertirrigation, giving back to the soil nutrients that sugarcane extracts from it as it grows and matures.
If not properly handled; could be an environmental pollutant
In leading alcohol (ethanol) producing countries: vinasse is considered a nutrient source not a waste or residue, but a valuable source of nutrients.Slide5
Types of distilleries by products: vinasses, dunder, stillage, slops, biol…
All kind of feedstuff for alcohol distillation generate vinasses:
From cane juice and from molasses
From corn
From sweet sorghum
From sugar beet
Rice
From other species of
Saccharum
Liquid of bio-digesters Slide6
Vinasse: alternatives for use
It’s been used as:A source for animal feed (cattle, chickens, swine) Organic fertilizer (along with filter cake)Power generation (uses of bio-digesters or anaerobic digester. Result: methane and organic fertilizer )
Conventional fertilizer (addition of synthetic fertilizers)Slide7
Brasil:Vinasse Typical AnalysisSlide8
Mexico: typical analysis
Distillery generate 210,000 cubic mt/year. Use of 150 and 250 cubit meter/Ha. Chiapas, Mexico, 2008. Slide9
Dominican Republic: typical vinasse analysis from molasses
Analysis
unit
Results
pH
4.32
TSS (Total Suspended solids)
mg/L
40,000
TS (Total Solids)
mg/L
55,300
Density
Kg/L
.99
Organic matter
mg/L
52,100
P2O5
mg/L
2,000
K2O
mg/L
6,120
Total Nitrogen
mg/L
12,100
Calcium (Ca)
mg/L
1,860
Magnesium (Mg)
mg/L
680
Iron (Fe)
mg/L
34.7
Zinc (Zn)
mg/L
11.355.7
COD (Chemical
Oxigen
Demand)
mg/L
41,021
BOD (Biological
Oxigen
Demand)
mg/L
1,493Slide10
Barbados: typical analysisSlide11
Vinasse: Benefit as Fertilizer
Rich in potassium, sulfur, nitrogen and organic matter ---improves soil chemical and physical qualityImproves CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) and as a result soil fertility.Profitable, since it reduces the demand for inorganic fertilizers
Improves biological properties (accelerate biological decomposition or residues in the field)
Replaces most of the nutrient the crop removes from the soil.
In 1986: no soil contamination of nitrates where found up to 1 mt deep in soils that had received vinasse.(Brazil)
Studies in 1996 show no influence of NO3, NH4 and other N compound in soil profile when vinasse was applied. (Brazil)Slide12
Sugarcane nutrient removal (lb/Ac)
Yield
Nitrogen
Phosphorus (P2O5)
Potassium (K2O)
Sulfur (S)
100
ton
160
90
335
54
Bagasse
200
66
265
32
Total
360
156
610
86
Source: International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI)Slide13
Vinasse application and nutritional levels
Vinasse Rate and Nutrient Contribution to Soil
Barbados's Proposal
Scenario A
2.471
A/Ha
Vinasse rate
20,000
lt/Ha
8,094.000
lt/Ac
5,284.02
gal/Ha
Analysis Range %
rate ammount (Kg)
Rate Kg/Ac
Solids
8.5%
1,700
688
Organic solids
0.035
0.07
700
1,400
283
567
Nitrogen
0.08%
0.1%
16
20
6
8
Phosphorous
0.01%
0.03%
3
5
1
2
Potasium
0.50%
0.75%
100
150
40
61
Calcium
0.15%
0.20%
30
40
12
16
Magnesium
0.15%
0.18%
30
36
12
15 Slide14
Considerations before any application program
Information about the soil, water bodies, vinasse and the environment is necessary:Complete evaluation of soil (Organic Matter, N, P2O5, K2O, Sulphur, Ca, Mg, Micros, pH, ICC, etc.)
Slopes %
Water analysis (more or less as soils analysis)
Location and distance of water bodies or wells
Climatic characteristics
Deep of water level or aquifer in the confined area Slide15
Vinasse lagoons with geo-membranesSlide16
Dominican Rep. Experience: sprinkler irrigation with gunSlide17
Reel applying vinasse
to sugarcane fields Slide18Slide19
Traveler apply average of 5 Ha (12.4 Acre)/ 5-6 h/day
Estimated Volume of application 150 cubic mt/ Ha (150,000 lt/Ha)
Nitrogen injected as liquid Urea at 40 kg /Ha (86 kg/Ha Urea) or 35 kg/Ac
UreaSlide20
Barbados :Equipment and Program - Proposal
Tank Capacity
4,500 gal (17,000 lt)
Requirements:
-150-175 tractor with hydraulic PTO (power take-off) shaft
-Must be articulated
Advantages
:
-more control over vinasse rate application
-application will located vinasse app on sugarcane rows
-avoid sprinkler application
-variable rates
-application range varies from 0-45 days after harvest
Yield
:
-variable volume:10-50 gal/min x nozzle(111-570 lt/ min)
-0.9 Ha/ hour (2.2 Ac/hour)Slide21
Conclusions
Fact: All man kind activity and industrial process generate by products.The value of by products and its disposal depends on the impact to the environment and its concentrations of valuable and reusable material.
Vinasse: the result of the process to obtain alcohol from sugarcane (juice and molasses) has proven to be a valuable product.
Europe, USA, Central America, Caribbean and South America are currently using vinasse to replace nutrients required by the crop.
The application of vinasse and filter mud has increase yield and improving the sustainability of the sugarcane industry in many countries.
Reduction on the use of mineral fertilizers has positively impacted the cost of production.
Organic certification of vinasse application is promoting organic sugarcane in various countries.
Various methods of application could be implemented to deliver vinasse to sugarcane fields.Slide22
!Thanks for your kind attention!!!
Questions?