BellRingers Sentence Fix Ups Read the sentencewrite a correction in your notebook Be prepared to explain your revision decisions Warm Up Sentence 1 swimming desperate to reach the shore a light was seen in the distance ID: 679217
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Slide1
Warm Up Sentences
Quarter 1Slide2
Bell-Ringers: Sentence Fix Ups
Read the sentence---write a correction in your notebook. Be prepared to explain your revision decisions.Slide3
Warm Up Sentence #1
swimming desperate to reach the shore a light was seen in the distance
Slide4
Word Challenge for the Day
What do the following words have in common?
Assess
Banana
Dresser
Grammar
Potato
Revive
Uneven
Voodoo
Hint
It is more than having letters repeated in each one...
Hide
Show Hint
Answer
If you take the first letter and move it to the rear of the word, you get the same word when read backwards.
Hide
Show Answer
Slide5
Corrected:
Swimming
desperate
ly
to reach the shore,
Bob
saw
a light in the distance
.
(active vs. passive voice)Slide6
Warm Up Sentence #2
put small dry twigs at the bottom of a fire that makes it easier to start the fire said juan ortiz our counselor
Slide7
Optical Illusion Challenge
How many legs does this elephant have?Slide8
Corrected:
"
Put small, dry twigs at the bottom of a fire
to make
it easier to start
,"
said Juan Ortiz
,
our counselor
.
(appositive)Slide9
The Appositive
An appositive is a
noun
or
noun phrase
that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words. Look at these examples:
The insect,
a cockroach
, is crawling across the kitchen table.
The insect, a large cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.
The insect,
a large cockroach with hairy legs
, is crawling across the kitchen table.
The insect,
a large, hairy-legged cockroach that has spied my bowl of oatmeal
, is crawling across the kitchen table.
Here are more examples:
During the dinner conversation, Clifford, the messiest eater at the table, spewed mashed potatoes like an erupting volcano.
Genette's
bedroom desk, the biggest disaster area in the house, is a collection of overdue library books, dirty plates, computer components, old mail, cat hair, and empty potato chip bags.
Reliable, Diane's eleven-year-old beagle, chews holes in the living room carpeting as if he were still a puppy.Slide10
Punctuate the appositive correctly.
The important point to remember is that a
nonessential appositive
is
always
separated from the rest of the sentence with comma(s).
When the appositive
begins
the sentence, it looks like this:
A hot-tempered tennis player
, Robbie charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man's skull with a racket.
When the appositive
interrupts
the sentence, it looks like this:
Robbie
, a hot-tempered tennis player,
charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man's skull with a racket.
And when the appositive
ends
the sentence
, it looks like this:
Upset by the bad call, the crowd cheered Robbie
, a hot-tempered tennis player who charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man's skull with a racket.Slide11
Appositive? Or Appositive Phrase?
1. The boys repaired our television set, an eighteen-year-old portable.
2. The poem, one of Robert Frost's best, is called "The Death of the Hired Man."
3. I can't find my notebook, the one I use for history class.
4. Dick's new suit, a gray flannel one, makes him look much older.
5. We enjoy walking, an exercise which requires no great skill.
6. The theater, an old and drafty one, is nevertheless always crowded.
7. My math teacher, Miss Holmes, has taught for twenty years.
8. The garage, a two-car one, is attached to the house.
9. James Hilton's book,
Lost Horizon
, has been filmed twice Slide12
if you have either a yardstick or a measuring tape said mr dixon bring them tomorrow
Warm Up Sentence #3Slide13
Corrected:
“I
f you have either a yardstick or a measuring tape
,"
said Mr. Dixon
, "
bring
it
tomorrow
."Slide14
Other options… “
…
”
/ “
‘
…
’
”
Can you believe that Mr. Dixon said
, “If
you have a yardstick bring it tomorrow
”?
(punctuating the entire sentence---quotation is inside)
Sally complained to me, “I can’t believe that Mr. Dixon said,
‘
bring it tomorrow.
’
”
(Sally is quoting Mr. Dixon—single quotation mark inside double)Slide15
Check for understanding…
Is the following sentence in
active
or
passive
voice?:
Notes were taken from
powerpoint
or teacher to be stored in personal folders
.
What is the
appositive
in the following sentence:
A hot-tempered tennis player Robbie charged the umpire and tried to crack the poor man's skull with a racket.
What do we call written conversation in a text?
________________.Slide16
Change the passive voice to active:
Flopsy
My life has been changed by many different things. I remember when I learned that there was no Santa Claus. I was told by my friend Clive to wait up for Santa, and I did, but Santa never came. Instead, I saw my parents, tired and frazzled, slink down the stairs and lazily pile presents under the tree. My faith was shaken. There was no Santa. I also remember when my younger brother unmade the bed after I had made it up. I got so mad at him that he was picked up by the collar of his Spider-Man pajamas and thrown across the room by me. The nightstand was hit by his head, and his red and blue
Spidey
p.j.s
were stained a darker red by his blood. I was so sorry. I was taught to control my anger by this event, and I was also reminded how much I loved my little brother.
There are many more events that changed my life, but my life was most changed by my little stuffed bunny,
Flopsy
.
Flopsy
was given to me on Easter by my parents. He was pink and had funny, floppy ears and a cute white cottontail. Of all his parts, his fluffy tail was loved most by me. He was carried wherever I went. He was taken to breakfast, on the bus, to school, to the playground, to dinner, and to bed. He was taken everywhere. He was a well-loved little bunny, and he was loved most by me.Slide17
Active voice= direct, more lively
Many different things have changed my life
. I remember when I learned that there was no Santa Claus.
My friend Clive told me
to wait up for Santa, and I did, but Santa never came. Instead, I saw my parents, tired and frazzled, slink down the stairs and lazily pile presents under the tree.
That event shook my faith
. There was no Santa. I also remember when my younger brother unmade the bed after I had made it up. I got so mad at him that
I picked him up by the collar of his Spider-Man pajamas and threw him
across the room.
His head hit the nightstand
, and
his blood stained his red and blue
Spidey
p.j.s
a darker red. I was so sorry.
This event taught me to control my anger
and also reminded me how much I loved my little brother
.
There are many more events that changed my life, but
my little stuffed bunny,
Flopsy
, changed it the most
.
My parents gave
Flopsy
to me
on Easter. He was pink and had funny, floppy ears and a cute white cottontail. Of all his parts,
I loved his fluffy tail the most
.
I carried him
wherever I went.
I took him to breakfast, on the bus, to school, to the playground, to dinner, and to bed. I took him everywhere
. He was a well-loved little bunny, and
I loved him the most
.Slide18
Which woman do YOU see?Slide19
Stroop
Effect
Try to say the color of the words, instead of actually reading them. You will find it surprisingly difficult. The right half of your brain is trying to say the colors, the left half is trying to say the word itself. This picture brain teaser is used by mountaineers to test if their concentration is ok. (by J. R.
Stroop
).Slide20
More Trivia
Question
What is so fragile that when you say its name you break it?
Question
Forward I am heavy, backwards I am not. What am I?
Question
What object has keys that open no locks, space but no room, and you can enter but not go in?
Question
I have five letters.
If you take the first and last ones I will still be the same.
Even if you take the middle letter I will be the same as before.
What am I?
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/word-brain-teasers.htmlSlide21
Warm Up Sentence #4: Fix this!
before them girls may play said coach pasternak they hafta meet the requirements in the manualSlide22
Corrected
“B
efore those girls may play
,”
said
C
oach
P
asternak,
“t
hey have to meet the requirements in the manual.”Slide23
WU#5--Revise for Grammar/Usage
donna did mr ecklund require your class to read the short story flight to freedom bridget asked
Slide24
Corrected
"D
onna, did
M
r.
E
cklund require your class to read the short story
'F
light to Freedom
’?"
B
ridget asked
.Slide25
Titles and Punctuation
Short Stories— “quotation marks”
Poems-- “quotation marks”
Plays —
underline
or
italicize
Movies —
underline
or
italicize
Television Programs —
underline
or
italicize
Episodes on television “quotation marks”
Songs “quotation marks”
CDs/Albums —
underline
or
italicizeSlide26
WU#6—Revise for Grammar/Usage
t
he macaroni
and cheese was made by
saras
mom for the
party,
the dish was liked by every one at the
partySlide27
Corrected
Sara’s mom made
the macaroni and cheese for the party
;
everyone liked the dish.
or
Everyone
at the party
liked
the macaroni and cheese
dish that
Sara’s mom made. Slide28
run-ons or fused and comma splice ppt.pps
Comma splice
— two independent clauses separated by a comma when a semi-colon, period, or additional coordinating conjunction is needed.
Fused sentence
(also known as a
“Run on”
)
two or more independent clauses in a sentence that are not separated by any punctuation, but that should be.Slide29
Fix This! WU #7
a plaque at riverside park bears this quotation form thoreaus book walden that man is the richest whose pleasures are cheapest
Slide30
Corrected:
A plaque at Riverside Park bears this quotation from Thoreau's book
Walden
: "That man is the richest whose pleasures are the cheapest."Slide31
Use a Colon :
After an independent clause that precedes a list.
The use of these punctuation marks often confuses students
:
comma
,
semicolon
,
colon
,
hyphen
,
and dash.
The Stearns County Theatrical Company announces the opening of the following plays
:
Lear
,
May 10th
;
Death of a Salesman
,
June 15th
; and
Camelot
,
August 20th.
There are three historical sources of belief
:
reason or intellect
,
custom or
habit
,and
inspiration.
To separate an explanation, rule, or example from a preceding independent clause.
After a sleepless night, the senator made her decision
:
she would not seek re-election.
Music is more than a mechanical arrangement of sounds
:
it is an expression of deep feeling and ethical values.
A way to remember which direction to move the hands of the clock when changing to or from Daylight Savings Time
:
spring forward, fall back.
After the salutation of a business letter.
Dear Mr. Peterson
:
Dear Faculty Member
:
In the heading of a business memo.
TO
:
SUBJECT
:
Between the hour and the minutes.
5
:
30 p.m.
3
:
00 a.m.
Between the chapter and the verse in the Bible, in citations for some literary works, and between the volume and the number of some publications.
Genesis 1
:
18-20
Part 3
:
121
Vol. 2
:
34
As part of a title.
Grey Power: A Practical Survival Handbook for Senior Citizens.
In a bibliography between the place of publication and the name of the publisher.
Bloomington, Indiana
:
Indiana University Press, 1966.
en to use a colon : Slide32
WU #8 Revise for Grammar/Usage
somebody must of lent my brother in laws ladder it weren't in the garage
Slide33
fragment, fused, comma splice, complete sentence?
Slide34
Corrected:
S
omebody must
have
borrowed
my brother
-
in
-
law
'
s ladder
;
it wasn't in the garage
.
Was the sentence before an example of
comma splice
or
fused
?Slide35
run-ons or fused and comma splice ppt.pps
Comma splice
— two independent clauses separated by a comma when a semi-colon, period, or additional coordinating conjunction is needed.
Fused sentence
(also known as a
“Run on”
)
two or more independent clauses in a sentence that are not separated by any punctuation, but that should be.Slide36
WU #9
camping near lake george we went fishing in the lake have taken many hikes and we like to explore in the area
Slide37
Verb Tense and Consistency
Went
fishing
past tense
Have taken
many hikes
past perfect tense
Like to
explore
present tense
Went fishing
Went hiking
Went exploring—too many “
wents
”
Fish
ing
, hik
ing
, explor
ing
Fish
ed
, hik
ed
, explor
ed
Fish, hike, and exploreSlide38
Corrected:
Camping near Lake George, we
fished
,
hiked
, and
explored
the area.
Smiley-face technique? ____________Slide39
WU # 10 – Fix this!
he hasnt never showed much self reliance or
had growed
much from his experiences
Slide40
Corrected:
H
e
has never
show
n
much self
-
reliance or grow
n
much from his experiences
.
Slide41
The dreaded double negative---
Incorrect
He
can't
convince
no one
to go with him.
Correct
He
can
convince
no one
to go with him.
He
can't
convince
anyone
to go with him.
Incorrect
I
haven't never
gone to the circus.
Correct
I
have never
gone to the circus.
I
haven't ever
gone to the circus. Slide42
Correct These Please
Once he gets going, there isn't nothing that can stop him.
Once he gets going, there isn’t
anything
that can stop him.
I've tried to go with him, but I can't hardly keep up. Slide43
Warm Up Sentence # 11
ms ruffalo shouldnt of left mr logan buy that computer she is president of design international
Slide44
Corrected:
Ms. Ruffalo, president of Design International, shouldn't have let Mr. Logan buy that computer.
What is the term
between parentheses?Slide45
Warm Up #12
j
ustin
was reflecting back on his career in music entertainment and then justin thanks every one who he had been associated withSlide46
Avoid ending with a preposition
Where are you
at
?
Where are you?
What suitcase should I use to put my clothes
into
?
Into what suitcase should I put my clothes?Slide47
Corrected
Reflecting
on his
entertainment career
, Justin thanked
everyone
with whom
he had been associated
.Slide48
How to identify?
links
nouns
,
pronouns
and
phrases
to other words in a
sentence
. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the
object
of the
preposition.
The
book is
on
the table. The book is
beneath
the table. The book is leaning
against
the table. The book is
beside
the table. She held the book
over
the table.
She
read the book
during
class.
BOOK
is the noun—ON is the preposition ---and TABLE is the object of the prepositionSlide49
Prepositions show “position”
or relationship
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
amid
among
anti
around
as
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
by
concerning
considering
despite
down
during
except
excepting
excluding
following
for
from
in
inside
into
like
minus
near
of
off
on
onto
opposite
outside
over
past
per
plus
regarding
round
save
since
than
through
to
toward
towards
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
versus
via
with
within
withoutSlide50
Prepositions: words that indicate “position” or relationship
common prepositions are
about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within,
and
without
.Slide51
Warm Up # 13
my mother she is the person who you must ask for a copy of the book careers in computersSlide52
Corrected
My mother is the person
whom
you must ask for a copy of the book
Careers in Computers.Slide53
Is it Who? Or Whom?
RULE
.
Use the
he/him
method to decide which word is correct.
he = who
him = whomSlide54
How to Decide?
WH
O
WHO
M
h
e
hi
m
sh
e
h
e
r
the
y
the
m
“
he
owns it” “it belongs to
him
” Slide55
Tom is the one I _____ I will meet.
Switch it around and ask yourself: I am meeting ….?
I will meet
he
at the game. (sounds incorrect)
I will meet
him
at the game. (much better!)
Him sounds better, so choose
WHOMSlide56
For
who/whom
should I vote for president?
Should I vote for
he
?
(nah….doesn’t sound right)
Should I vote for
him
?
(yes, sounds like a plan!)
For
whom
should I vote for president?Slide57
(Who or Whom) ____________
wrote the letter?
Did
him
write the letter?
(sounds weird)
Did
he
write the letter?
(sounds ok)
Who
wrote the letter?
(Correct!)Slide58
Test Yourself. Who or whom? Whomever? Whoever?
A prank was pulled on a student {____ I know quite well}.
When the going gets tough,{ _______
are you going to call}?*
To _______ am I speaking? (switch to sent)
{________ we elect for president} will be in office for the next four years.
*Ghost-busters!!Slide59
Who or Whom?
Whoever? Whomever?
One trick:
[
Isolate the phrase that includes the who/whom]
Ask yourself if
the phrase (JUST the phrase)
would sound better with the
subject
ive form (
he, she, we, they, I
) or the
object
ive case (
him, her, us, them, me
)?
We will be kind to
[_
whoever
____ knocks on our door.]
she
knocks
; he
knocks
; we
knock
Another:
If the sentence itself sounds good without any pronoun, it is generally WHOM
Tom is the student
(
whom
)
the teachers picked as outstanding.Slide60
Warm Up# 14
the guidence counseler made a suggestion that seniors who are graduating should submit early applications to the colleges of there choices
(21
wds
) Slide61
Corrected
The
guidance
counselor
suggested
that graduating seniors should
apply early
to the colleges of their choice.*
*…
their top colleges
. (14)
*. . .
their chosen colleges
.
(16
wds
) *. . .their preferred colleges.Slide62
What is a Nominalization?
Nominalization
– a noun derived from a verb or adjective, such as
determination
from
determine
In general, try to avoid these and choose the stronger verb form to be
concise
Made a suggestion=
suggested
Should submit early applications=
apply earlySlide63
Active, strong verbs and adjectives
Analysis
Analyze
Suggestion
Suggest
Conclusion
Conclude
Carelessness
Careless
Difficulty
DifficultSlide64
Try it…
It was
the intention of the steering committee to
interview all candidates face to face.
The steering committee intended to
interview all candidates personally. Slide65
Warm Up # 15
wandering around in a daze, and blabbering incoherantly the paramedic made the decision that the motorcycle accident victim is in shockSlide66
Revised
The paramedic
decided the
motorcycle accident victim
, wandering around in a daze and blabbering incoherently,
was in shock.Slide67
Participle (the –
ing
word modifying the noun---acts as a modifier---thus, D.M.
Building blocks:
A participle is an '-
ing
' word that modifies a noun. Quite often, words that end in '-
ing
' are the present participles of verbs, such as
swimming, talking, laughing
, and so on.
A participle can be part of a larger phrase, called a participial phrase, that modifies a noun. Slide68
Quick rules:
The
participial phrase should be followed by a
comma
and
then by
the
noun
that's being modified.
When singing a tune
, I
often close my eyes
That
noun must be the subject of the main clause
. When the participial phrase does not modify the subject, we say that it is
dangling
.
When singing a tune,
the music
is sweetly flowing.Slide69
Misplaced (or dangling) Modifiers
A.K.A. Dangling/misplaced
participial
phrases
-
ing
After
following the vision program
for two weeks, my doctor told me that my eyesight had improved.
THINK:
Who’s?
following the vision program
?
Are
you
or is the
Doc
?
Make sure your modifying participial phrase is close to its antecedentSlide70
Let's
break down Ted's sentence.
After
getting kicked off the basketball team,
the mall
became Jake's new favorite hangout
.
As the sentence is written
now,
the subject of the main clause seems to be 'the mall.' Ted's teacher asked if malls could dribble and shoot (
heh
heh
) because this sentence implies that the mall got kicked off the basketball team.
Correction:
Sentences with dangling participles usually require some reworking. Here are two alternatives:
After getting kicked off
the basketball team
, Jake
started hanging out at the mall.
The
mall
became Jake's new favorite hangout after
he
got kicked off the basketball team.
http://www.methodist.edu/english/dd_index.htmSlide71
Warm Up Sentence #16
looking for my assignment it was found that someone sat it under a pile of house beautiful magazines
Slide72
Corrected
L
ooking for my assignment,
I
found that someone had
set
it under a pile of
House Beautiful
magazines.Slide73
http://www.chompchomp.com/rules/csfsrules.htm
Anne enjoyed her high school reunion she hadn't seen her old friends in over ten years.
Comma splice? Fragment? Fused? Complete?
Anne enjoyed her high school reunion, she hadn't seen her old friends in over ten years.
Comma splice? Fragment? Fused? Complete?Slide74
Warm Up Sentence #17
our neighbors left us see pictures of
there photo
safari in
africa
they plan to return back there soonSlide75
Options for CS and Fusion Errors
He has completed his research, he will not report his findings to class today.
(CS—incorrect)
He has completed his research he will not report his findings to class today.
(FS—incorrect)
He has completed his research
,
so
he will report his findings to class today.
He has completed his research
,
but
he will not report his findings to class today.
He has completed his
research
;
he
will report his findings to class today.
(All of these are grammatically correct, but context and purpose dictate which works best.)Slide76
Corrected (wordiness/fused error)
O
ur neighbors
let
us see pictures of their photo safari in
A
frica
;
they plan to
return soon
.Slide77
The tricky thing to remember is that comma splices and fused sentences can appear in a longer string of sentences with other punctuation. me more examples below.
Comma splice:
To get ready for the party, Sharon baked cookies and brownies until she thought her oven would explode, finally, she cleaned the kitchen, satisfied that the goodies would be a hit.
Fused sentence:
To get ready for the party, Sharon baked cookies and brownies until she thought her oven would explode finally, she cleaned the kitchen, satisfied that the goodies would be a hit.
Correct grammar:
"To get ready for the party, Sharon baked cookies and brownies until she thought her oven would
explode. Finally
, she cleaned the kitchen, satisfied that the goodies would be a hit."Slide78
WU # 18
the corruption of the church during the middle ages is illustrated by chaucer in the pardoners tale who uses allegorical referencesSlide79
Corrected
C
haucer
uses
allegorical references
to illustrate
the corruption of the church during the
M
iddle
A
ges in the
“P
ardoner
’
s Tale
.”
(also a good thesis sentence!)Slide80
WU# 18A
my dress for homecoming a
vera
wang
designer special only cost 25 dollars at target my friends dress from
nordstroms
cost her $450Slide81
Corrected
M
y
homecoming dress, a Vera Wang design,
only cost
$
25 at Target
; by contrast,
my friend
’s
dress from
N
ordstrom
’s
cost $450.Slide82
Transition words and semi-colons
or
Comma-Conjunctions
; however,
my . . .
; by contrast,
my . . .
; consequently
, . . .
; furthermore,
, but my
. . .
, so
, for
, yetSlide83
Consistency with Numbers
Numbers under 10---spell out
one, two, three. . . 10, 11
Numbers under two syllables---spell out
Twenty, thirty, twelve, forty
Be consistent within sentence
25 dollars and $450 =
$25
and $450
NEVER EVER begin sentence with a numeral
4
score and seven years…
Four
-score and seven…Slide84
Second Quarter Warm Ups
Quarter 2Slide85
Warm Up # 19
After visiting Agra the site of the taj mahal with the Morris’s, the photos were fun to look at.
Slide86
Corrected
After visiting Agra
,
the site of the Taj Mahal
,
with the Morris
es
, we had fun
looking at the photos.
Correcting for appositive, misplaced participial phrase, and preposition placementSlide87
SAT Practice
The fields have
soil (A)
so
rich that
corn
(B)
growing
here
commonly (C)
had
stood
more than six
feet
(D)
tall
.
(E)
No
error
A
. so rich that
B. growing here
C. had stood
D. tall
E. No errorSlide88
Warm Up Sentence #20
there is many events that have changed my life but my life was changed more by my little stuffed bunny flopsy
Slide89
Corrected
T
here
are
many events that have changed my life
,
but Flopsy
, my little stuffed bunny,
changed my life the
most.Slide90
http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/games/illusions/index.htmSlide91
Warm Up # 21
Find SIX Problems:
Toms and Jerrys Mother made a conclusion that the two boys didn’t go to school neither toms nor jerry's lunch had been taken by them.Slide92
SIX problems… (one sentence –whew!!)
Capitalization
--- his
m
other and my
m
other vs.
“M
other!”
M
other
J
ones
Nominalization
—
came to the conclusion
=
concluded
FUSED
sentence--- comma and coordinating conjunction
and
---
FANBOYS
Passive changed to Active-
---lunch
was taken by
=
had taken his
lunch
Agreement
--- neither
one
(of them) took
his
or their
Possessive for compound subjects-
-- ‘s for BOTH subjects if each takes a
different
object; ‘s for
second
subject if BOTH have the same objectSlide93
Key=
Cap
Nom
Poss’s
CS/F
Act/Pas
Agreement
T
om and
J
erry
’s
m
other
concluded
that the two boys didn’t go to school
, for
neither
one
had taken
his
lunch.Slide94
Possessives
1
. Most English nouns form their possessives with an apostrophe s (’s) if they are singular, and an s apostrophe (s’) if they are plural.
Singular possessive: The
car’s
hood.
Plural possessive: The
cars’
hoods.
Remember, just because a possessive adds an s to a word, it does not make that word plural. On the other hand, both singular and plural nouns can be made possessive. Slide95
Possessive plural
s
2. For nouns that form their plural in ways other than the addition of an s, form the possessive plural by adding ’s. For example:
Woman’s/women’s, man’s/men’s, child’s/children’s, ox’s/oxen’s, deer’s/deer’s, mouse’s/mice’s Slide96
singular nouns that end in “s”
3. You have a couple of options in forming the possessive of singular nouns that end in s. You can either:
Add an apostrophe to the end of the word:
Jesus’
miracles
Keats’
odes
Dickens’
novels
…or add an apostrophe s to the end of the word:
Jesus’s
miracles
Keats’s
odes
Dickens’s
novels
Choose the form that seems easier to pronounce or more natural. Nouns that end in s and have their possessives formed by an apostrophe s can be difficult to pronounce; think of Homer’s struggles with his neighbor’s last name:
Flandereses
’
. Slide97
Plural or Possessive Noun?
The cars / car’s breaks
failed to operate on the snowy mountain road.
Albert
Einsteins
/ Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity changed our understanding of time.
On weekends, students / student’s love to sleep in.
Civil liberties / Civil liberties’ were bought with blood.
Fast food has its / it’s downsides.Slide98
What do YOU see?Slide99
More Possessives
4
. The possessive of pairs:
a. To show joint possession, add ’s only to the second member of the pair:
John and Mary’s mother (
John and Mary have the same mother.)
b. To show individual possession, add ’s to each member of the pair:
John’s and Mary’s tennis rackets
(John and Mary each have their own tennis rackets.)
5. Form the possessive of group and compound nouns by adding ’s to the end of the unit:
commander in chief’s, someone else’s, son-in-law’s
6. We usually reserve the ’s or s’ for the possessive of nouns naming living creatures (human beings and animals). For inanimate objects we usually show possession with the of phrase:
The roof of the house
instead of
The house’s roof
Some common exceptions to this rule:
A
day’s
wages, a
week’s
work, the
year’s
(storm’s, weekend’s) death toll, the
school’s
policies, the
government’s
meddling, the
car’s
performance, the
ship’s
crew
Possessives without an apostrophe
The following pronouns show possession without the use of an apostrophe:
His
Hers Slide100
Warm Up Sentence # 22
pocahontas lived in england for several years she dies and was buried in englandSlide101
Corrected
For several years Pocahontas lived in England, where she died and was buried
\\Brhtdc\thome\DFossum\VerbTense.pptx good one.pptxSlide102
Happy Thanksgiving!
Warm Up Sentence # 23
41 pilgrims signed the mayflower compact which has established a government in plymouth colony
Slide103
Corrected
Forty-one pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact, which established a government in Plymouth Colony.Slide104
SAT Practice
Either of the solutions you
(A)
have
proposed
(B)
are
acceptable
to the union,
(C)
whose
members
are (D)
willing
to compromise.
(E)
No error
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. Slide105
Warm Up # 24
Tammy is the person who you should call if you need to get your hair cut in my opinion she is the better stylist in AshburnSlide106
Revised
Tammy is the person
who
m
you should call if you need to get your hair cut
;
she is the
best
stylist in Ashburn.
whom
; (
cs
)
superlative
(in my opinion)---
just SAY it!!Slide107
Warm Up # 25
carl waisted
his
1
st
year
at
college
by not studying enough
and
spending
to
much time at partiesSlide108
REVISED
C
arl
wasted
his
first
year at college by
studying too little and partying too much
.Slide109
SAT Practice
A number of trainees
(A)
who
take this course every year
(B)
find
that
(C)
their
knowledge of mathematics
(D)
is
inadequate
.
(E)
No error
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. Slide110
Warm Up #26
of all my relatives uncle frank is more noted for his generosity he gives everyone the expensivest gifts at
christmastime
Slide111
http://english-zone.com/teach/pdf-files/comparatives.pdf
Compar
ative (comparing)---
more
(than the other)
Super
lative (assessing as to the best)---
most
(of all)
Big bigger biggest
Jolly joll
ier
joll
iest
Sweet sweet
er
sweetest
Expensive
more
expensive
most
expensive
Delicious
more
delicious
most
delicious
(notice anything about the longer words …???)Slide112
O
f all my relatives
,
U
ncle
F
rank is
most
noted for his generosity
;
he gives everyone the
most expensive
gifts at
C
hristmas time
.Slide113
SAT Practice
For a successful career
(A)
as
a
beautician,
(B) one
must be prepared to
(C)
dissemble:
you must not tell your client the unvarnished truth about his or
(D)
her
appearance.
(E) No error.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. Slide114
Warm Up #27
yes before grandmother arrives for the Holidays we finished painting the West Bedroom
Slide115
Corrected
Y
es, before
G
randmother arrives for the
h
olidays
,
we
will
finish painting the
w
est bedroom
.Slide116
Warm Up # 28- SAT question
Because of less availability and greater demand for scientific research, platinum remains consistently expensive, like gold.
(A) Because of less availability and greater demand for scientific research, platinum remains consistently expensive, like gold.
(B) Because of less availability and increased demand for scientific research, platinum remains consistently expensive, like that of gold.
(C) Because of decreased availability and increased demand in scientific research, platinum remains expensive, like gold.
(D) Because of decreased availability and increased demand for scientific research, platinum remains expensive, like gold.
(E) Because of decreased availability and greater demand in scientific research, platinum remains at a consistently high price, like that of gold.Slide117
SAT Practice
According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979
,
doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
a) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
b) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
c) twice those the 1977 survey reported
d) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
e) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey Slide118
SAT Practice
Cynthia argued vehemently
(A)
with
her mother
(B)
over
(C)
her
refusal to
(D) attend
the school concert.
(E)
No error
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. Slide119
Warm Up # 28
each year americans chop down more then 30,000,000 christmas trees, most of them are just throwed away after the hollidaysSlide120
Revised
Every
year
A
mericans chop down more than
30 million C
hristmas trees
;
most of them are just
thrown
away after the
holidays.Slide121
WU # 29 Correct This!
last saturday night we began hanakah the 8 day merriment other wise known as the festival of lights jewish holidaySlide122
29--Corrected
L
ast
S
aturday night we began
H
anu
k
kah
,
the
eight-
day merriment otherwise known as the
F
estival of
L
ights
,
a
J
ewish holiday.
(appositive phrase and use of numbers in writing)Slide123
WU # 30
If you believe the conspiracy theorists a planet called nibiru will collide with the earth in December, 2012, which will cause the end of the world to happenSlide124
30--Corrected
According to
conspiracy theorists, a planet called
‘N
ibiru
’
will collide with the earth in
December 2012, causing the world to end.
Avoid use of you—eliminate
superfluous
wording
Single quotation marks for ‘special’ termsSlide125
Happy 2013Slide126
Quote for Today: Respond…
“For last year’s words belong to last year’s language and this year’s words await another voice.”
T.S. Eliot
Poet, author (1888-1965) -- “Love Song of J. Alfred
Prufrock
;”
The WastelandSlide127
WU # 31
this year I have began to really think of my options in depth and take in account what I would be gaining or losing if I did or didnt do somethingSlide128
Eliminate wordiness and weak, filler words
this year I have
beg
an (
un
)
to
really
think of my options
in depth and take in account what I would be gaining or losing if I did or didn’t do something
.Slide129
Revised
This year I have begun to think of my options.
Or:
This year I have begun to think of my
college
options. Slide130
Avoid Clichés and Bloated Writing
http://www.canadianwriterspocketguide2e.nelson.com/includes/HED/buscomm/PDF/Module21.PDFSlide131
WU #32
islam a major world religion is dominent in the middle east it’s followers are called muslims and their sacred book is the koranSlide132
32--Corrected
I
slam
,
a major world religion
,
is domin
a
nt in the
M
iddle
E
ast
;
its followers are called
M
uslims and
its
sacred book is the
K
oran
.Slide133
WU #33
yesterday when
i
saw my friend from
boise
idaho
i
should of returned the book she borrowed me
Slide134
33-Corrected
Y
esterday
,
when I saw my friend from
B
oise
, I
daho
,
I should
have
returned the book she
lent
me.Slide135
Quarter 3Slide136
Warm Up #34
costa rica
, one of the few countries in the world that doesn’t have no army, educates it’s population good the central
american
country has a 93 percent literacy
rateSlide137
Revised
C
osta
R
ica
--
one
of the few countries in the world that doesn’t have
an army
--
educates its
population
well;
the
C
entral
A
merican country has a
ninety-three
percent
literacy rate.Slide138
Warm Up # 35
2/3 of all adult Americans wears corrective lenses. Because of nearsightedness
if they have farsightedness
or
an astigmatism
.Slide139
Better
Two-thirds
of
all adult Americans
wear corrective lenses
b
ecause
of
nearsightedness, farsightedness,
or astigmatism.Slide140
Warm Up # 36
Perhaps
the
more
finicky eater in the world is the beloved koala bear of Australia, whom won’t eat nothing accept eucalyptus leafs.Slide141
Better
The
beloved Australian
koala bear
--
who
won’t eat anything
except eucalyptus lea
ves-
-
is
perhaps
the most finicky eater
in the world.Slide142
Warm Up #37
I believe that feburary is the best month for sending the ones you love gifts and to give cards to new friends and go out to eat at romantic restuarants Slide143
Use Your Strong and Authoritative Voice
I believe
I think
It can be seen that
One can assume that
In my opinion
The reader may consider thatSlide144
Corrected
February is the best month for sending loved ones gifts, giving cards, and going out to eat at romantic restaurants.Slide145
Warm Up # 38
Would
you borrow
me your
notes from
that Social
Studies lecture on the bill of
rights, which
I should of listened to more careful?Slide146
Revised
Would you
lend
me your notes from that
s
ocial
s
tudies
lecture on the
B
ill
of
R
ights
, which I should
have
listened to more
careful
ly
.Slide147
Warm Up # 39
in the dead sea located between israel and Jordan a human body cannot remain submerged for long because it is 25 % saltSlide148
Corrected for dangling modifier
I
n the
D
ead
S
ea
,
located between
I
srael and
J
ordan
,
a human body can't remain submerged for long because
the
Sea
is
twenty-five
percent salt.Slide149
WU # 40
the
reason they were so eager to sell tickets is because
their
trying to
re-furbish
the
old gymnasiumSlide150
Revised
They
were so eager to sell tickets because
they're
trying to refurbish the old
gymnasium.Slide151
Bad vs. Badly
Badly
is an adverb used to describe how something is done.
Bad
is an adjective that refers to health or feelings. Bad is also used to complete linking verbs, such as
seem, look, taste
, and
smell
.
Fill in the blanks with bad or badly:
1. I feel ______ that Harriet wasn’t invited.
2. Rudolph dances ____, but at least he tried hard.
3. The soup tasted ____ on the first day and even worse on the second.
4. You look really _____. When was the last time you slept?
5. Ms. Kramer spells _____, so it’s lucky she has a smart secretary.
6. Roger wanted to see Gisele so _____ that he postponed his flight.Slide152
WU # 41
by changing
the oil every
three thousand miles the
car was kept in excellent
condition
Slide153
Revised for dangling modifier
C
hanging the oil every
3,000
miles,
we
kept the car in excellent condition
.
Slide154
WU# 42
there
is a desire on the part of many of us to maintain a
Spring Recess
for the purpose of getting away from the demands of our
StudiesSlide155
Much Better
We want
a spring recess so we can get away from our studies.
OR
We want a spring recess
to escape
our studies.Slide156
Quarter 4---Final Stretch
Nine more
weeks
and
counting…
Slide157
WU # 43
he
was really late to his
English
class due to the fact that he had to finish his
Math
testSlide158
Revising for “bloat”
He was late for
E
nglish
because
he had to finish his
m
ath test.Slide159
Bloated Expressions To Avoid
At this point in time . . .“
Meaning: Now.
"It would be appreciated if . . .“
Meaning: Please.
"In the month of December . . ."
Meaning: In December.
"It has come to my attention that . . ."
Meaning: Whatever comes after "that."
"In the eventuality that . . ."
Meaning: If.
"At the present time . . .“ Now…Slide160
More…Redundancies
"Bad mistakes"
Use
mistakes
. All mistakes are bad.
"My personal opinion is that . . ."
Use
my opinion
. All opinions are personal.
"Repeat again"
Use
repeat
. Repeat means to do again.
"Visible to the eye"
Use
visible
. Can anything be visible to anything but the eye?
"For the purpose of . . ."
Meaning:
For
.Slide161
Warm Up # 44
noone on
this bus
seem
to know
they’re way
around this part of
the city of new yorkSlide162
Revised (indef. pron. agmt
)
No one
on this bus seem
s
to know
his or her
way around this part of
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity.Slide163
Indefinite Pronoun agreement
No
one
(person
)----has? vs. have? the answer
People have
Every
body
----has? Or have?
t
heir or his?
Every (individual) body of us has his or her answer
All
of us have
Any
one
will have their or
his/her
Any
one
(person) will have
his/herSlide164
WU # 45
7
children were injured in the accident only
one required hospitalizingSlide165
Revised for comma splice
Seven
children were injured in the
accident
;
only one required
hospitalization
.Slide166
WU # 46
after reading the original study the article remains unconvincing Slide167
Revision (dangling modifier)
A
fter reading the original study
, I
remain unconvinc
ed
.
(The
article
did not read the study; a
person — I
did.)Slide168
WU # 47
do
you want
turkey spinach
and cheese roast
beef lettuce
and cheese or
ham
tomato, and
cheese asked jimSlide169
Use semi-colons between items on a list already separated by commas
“D
o
you want
turkey
,
spinach
,
and
cheese
;
roast
beef
,
lettuce
,
and
cheese
;
or
ham
,
tomato
,
and
cheese
?”
asked
J
im.Slide170
Fix this: add the semi-colons…
I cannot decide if I want my room to be green, brown, and purple green, black, and brown or green, brown, and dark red.Slide171
Semi-colons join items in lists
I
cannot decide if I want my room to be green, brown, and
purple
;
green
, black, and
brown
;
or green, brown, and dark red.Slide172
WU # 48
atticus didn't
want
scout
to fight,
however
she could not ignore
injusticesSlide173
Correcting comma splice and pronoun reference confusion
A
tticus did
n’t
want
S
cout to
fight
;
however
,
he
knew she
could not ignore injustices
.Slide174
WU # 49
3 reasons why some students drop out of college are problems of to much parting and if they run out of money and if they can’t meet deadlinesSlide175
Revising for wordiness and parallelism
Three reasons
why
some students drop out of college are
problems of
to
o
much
part
y
ing
,
and if they run out of
money and
if they can’t meet
deadlinesSlide176
Much more succinct and thesis-worthy
Some
college students drop out
because of
academic
,
financial
, or
time management
problems.
(Magic 3, anyone?)Slide177
Warm Up #50
of the 5 stages of tradegy that artistotle said there is included a stage where a character will make a error in judgement based on them having a tragic flawSlide178
Revised
One of
Aristotle’s five stages
of tragedy includes a character
whose
tragic flaw causes him to make
an
error in
judgment
.
Or--
Aristotle’s five stages of tragedy include a character whose tragic flaw causes him to make an error in judgment.Slide179
WU # 51
macbeth
the thane of glamis finds out that he has been promoted to thane of cawdor , this makes him think about the other witches prophecySlide180
Remember appositives?
Macbeth
, the Thane of Glamis
, becomes Macbeth
, the Thane of Cawdor.
An
appositive
is a
noun
or
noun phrase
that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words. Look at these examples:
The insect, a tiny ant, is crawling across the desk.Slide181
Revised
Macbeth
,
the Thane of Glamis
,
finds out that he has been promoted to Thane of Cawdor
;
this makes him
consider the
witche
s’ other
prophecy
.
Not
the other witch’s prophecy
Nor
the other witches prophecySlide182
WU # 52
In macbeth a play by shakespeare you realize that the witches are being used by him to control the fate of the charactersSlide183
the fix….
In macbeth
a play by
shakespeare
you
realize that the witches are
being used by him
to control the fate of the characters
Do NOT EVER use YOU in an essaySlide184
more thesis-worthy
Shakespeare
uses
the witches in
Macbeth
to control the fate of his characters.Slide185
WU # 53
writers
should spend a great deal of time thinking about their arguments to make
sure
they
are not
superficialSlide186
Just who is superficial?
the writers?
or the arguments?
Some possible revisions--- (pick one or make up your own)
Writers should
spend time ensuring
that their arguments are not superficial.
Writers should
make sure
their arguments are
authentic
.
Good
writers
employ authentic
arguments.Slide187
WU # 54
In 1605 king james survives a assassination attempt which was the inspiration for Shakespeare to write MacbethSlide188
Revised for consistency
in tense, nominalization
In 1605 King James surviv
ed
a
n
assassination attempt, which
inspired
Shakespeare to write
Macbeth
.Slide189
Even more succinct…
The 1605 assassination attempt
on King James inspired Shakespeare to write
Macbeth
.Slide190
WU #55
all of this year we have corrected sentences for comma splices and fragments tenses that isn’t consistent, pronoun agreement errors, if they are punctuated improperly and weather or not they are parallelSlide191
all
of this
year we have corrected sentences for comma splices and fragments tenses that isn’t consistent, pronoun agreement errors,
if they are
punctuated improperly and
weather
or not they are parallelSlide192
Better
This year
we have
revised
sentences
for errors of
comma splices and fragments, tense
inconsistency
, pronoun agreement, punctuation, and parallelism.Slide193
WU# 56
writing good is a skill you can use your whole entire life, the importance of it can not be underestimated or overlookedSlide194
Wordy, wordy, wordy….
writing
good
is a skill
you
can use
your
whole
entir
e life, the importan
ce
of it can not be underestimated or overlookedSlide195
Revised
Writing well
is an important life skill.
The
importance of writing well can not be underestimated.Slide196
WU #57
memorial day
is a day of
remembrance for all of
the men and women who died while serving in the
united states armed forces, it is also generally used as a marker for the start
of the summer vacation
seasonSlide197
Revised—comma splice
M
emorial
D
ay
is a day
to remember
the
men and women who died while serving in the
U
nited
S
tates
A
rmed
F
orces
; it also marks
the
start of the summer vacation
season.Slide198
SAT Practice
The last man on earth
(A)
will
abandon
his ruined house
(B)
for
a
cave,
(C)
and
his
woven clothes for an
(D)
animal's
skin
.
(E)
No error
.
A
.
B.
C.
D.
E.